Research on the Balanced Development of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education Through Education Resource Allocation

With the rapid development of our country’s economy,education has gradually become the focus of social attention.The problem of unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources has become increasingly prominent,urban educational resources are relatively rich,while rural educational resources are relatively scarce,and the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education has become an urgent task.This paper mainly investigates and studies the distribution of urban and rural educational resources,discusses the unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources and analyzes the reasons,and puts forward a series of corresponding solutions to promote the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education.

The Impact of Urban and Rural Education Gap on Student Achievement Differences

With our country’s social development,the gap between urban and rural education has become increasingly obvious,especially the difference in student achievement.This study aims to explore the impact of the urban-rural education gap on student achievement.The study adopts a quantitative analysis method to collect and analyze the academic performance,learning resources,and social resources of urban and rural students.The results show that the unbalanced distribution of educational resources in urban and rural areas is the key factor leading to the gap in students’achievement.For example,urban education resources are abundant while rural education resources are relatively scarce.At the same time,the difference in social environment and family economic status also have a significant impact on student achievement.The differences between urban and rural areas,particularly in terms of family economic conditions and their ability to invest in education,further widen the gap between urban and rural education.The results of this study can provide a reference for reducing the gap between urban and rural education and improving the academic performance of rural students.A fair education policy is essential to narrow the gap between urban and rural education resources distribution,so as to improve the equality of education in society.

Restrictions and Countermeasures of Rural Vocational Education in Urban-rural Integration

Developing rural vocational education is of great significance to urban-rural integration: developing rural vocational education is helpful to cultivating new farmers for construction of new socialist countryside,favorable to improving farmers' ability of finding jobs and starting undertaking, and beneficial to transfer of rural surplus labor and acceleration of urbanization. Restrictions on development rural vocational education mainly include: low value cognition of society and social assessment of rural vocational education; out of balance of cost and expected return of rural vocational education; the quality of supply of rural vocational education failure to satisfy demand of socio-economic development; imperfect rural vocational education system. In view of these,following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: strengthen propaganda and guidance to build environment of public opinion for rural vocational education; push forward rural vocational compulsory education system to lay social foundation for rural vocational education; reinforce policy support to assist in building rural vocational education system; improve education system to build overall framework of rural vocational education; perfect laws and regulations to establish system and norm for development of rural vocational education.

Analysis on the Causes of Existing Problems of Professional Knowledge of Western Rural Teachers Under the Urban and Rural Educational Planning Background

This paper adopts the self-designed questionnaire to make investigations and interviews with the rural middle and primary school teachers in Chengdu and Chongqing districts about the professional development problems of western rural teachers, and refers to the educational literature materials in western rural areas. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is known that the professional knowledge status of western rural teachers is worrying, and the reason is mainly caused by the location, policy, economy, society, continuing education and teachers＇ own factors.

Thinkings on Narrowing the Music Education Gap Between Urban and Rural Areas--On the Case of the Urban and Rural Music Education in Gaocheng, Hebei Province

Nowadays, the development of quality education has always been attached great importance in China, of which the music education has been an important part. However, serious polarization of the urban and rural basic music education leads to all sorts of differences, thus seriously affecting the overall improvement of quality of all people. To find out the problems and the reasons of the backward in rural basic music education, this paper makes an analysis of the differences between urban and rural basic education development through a survey and a study of basic situation in music education of urban and rural elementary school in Gaocheng, Hebei province, and then puts forward thinkings and suggestions about narrowing the urban-rural music education gap on the basis of the analysis of internal and extemal problems.

Coordinating rural-urban education and institution innovation

In order to implement the spirit of the Sixteenth National People＇s Congress to accelerate development of rural education, deepen reform of rural education, guarantee a well-off society, and harmonize rural and urban development, coordinating ruralurban education is the key to China＇s development. At present, the rural-urban coordinating education is influenced by many factors, including rural-urban income difference, rural-urban educational resources difference, rural-urban background difference, and rural- urban institutional difference. In order to realize the coordinating development of rural-urban education, we need innovation in ＂Hukou＂ institution, land institution, financial institution and rural education institution. Institution innovation would be the guarantee to the coordinating rural-urban education.

The Impact of Education Input on Labor Migration and Inequality in China

By introducing a general equilibrium framework to China's dual economic structure, this paper studies the microscopic mechanism of education input to narrow the urban-rural income gap and how to improve the allocation efficiency of education funds in China's "new normal" economy. The empirical analysis results show that education input is effective in narrowing the urban-rural income gap and achieving a Pareto improvement state in both direct and indirect ways. However, the effect of education input at different stages varies. In particular, the impact of compulsory education on improving inequality is more significant than the other education levels. With adjustment for the macroeconomic slowdown, raising fiscal expenditures on education can improve potential economic growth by promoting human capital accumulation and labor productivity in the long run. In all, education input can promote labor migration and narrow the urban-rural income gap, which is conducive to alleviating the contradiction of the structural transformation lag in employment and achieving inclusive growth targets.

过去20年城乡高中生的教育效用与教育志向:基于三个出生队列的历史比较研究

本研究采用时间滞后设计,考察过去20年我国高中生教育效用和教育志向水平的年代和城乡差异,以及二者与个体学业成绩、父母学历之间关系的年代和城乡差异。分别在1999年、2010年、2018年对来自相同的三个地区(包括城市和农村)、相同学校的高中生进行问卷调查,使用协方差分析和回归分析进行数据分析。结果发现:(1)自1999年至2018年,城乡高中生的教育效用都遵循先下降、后回升的变化趋势;在教育志向上,城市高中生无明显变化,而农村高中生教育志向上升并超越城市高中生;(2)高中生教育效用、教育志向受父母学历和学业成绩等微观因素影响,且受年代和城乡宏观社会历史因素调节。相比于其他年份,2010年时成绩较差学生的教育效用更低、2018年时成绩较差学生的教育志向更高;自1999年至2018年,低父母学历对农村高中生教育志向的影响方式由“枷锁效应”转变为“鞭策效应”。我国过去20年的社会变迁使城乡高中生对教育的价值认同发生系统性变化,且宏观社会历史因素的演变改变了教育的价值认同形成的微观机制。

如何优化乡村小规模学校布局

乡村小规模学校布局优化是城乡教育一体化发展的重点和难点,更是确保乡村儿童接受公平优质教育的重要基础。但现实中,小规模学校布局仍存在诸多问题:布局分散程度高;决策中缺少科学的程序和技术;布局规划中学校教育资源不足、弱势学生入学机会不均等;校际空间隔离,跨校资源共享难以稳定持续等。因此,应进一步明确小规模学校布局优化的逻辑理路:以教育规划理论引领布局优化的教育功能发挥;以“公平、效率、质量”框架重构布局规划目标;以“集中+分散”布局结构为乡村振兴奠定教育服务基础;以“入学可达性提升”促进乡村儿童入学机会均等;以资源均衡配置促进城乡学校一体化发展。同时,围绕“空间可达、服务范围、学校规模、校际发展优质均衡程度、能否促进学校传承乡土文化”等维度因地制宜设置学校布局标准,并提供支持性策略,主要包括:综合区位因素,构建小规模学校布局与乡村振兴规划融合系统;以参与式GIS技术为基础,优化学校布局规划程序;强化各级政府责任,妥善处理好布局规划中的伴生问题;共享教育资源,促进小规模学校与县镇学校一体化发展。

技能型社会建设的中国特色议题及其理论拓展

“技能型社会”作为本土原创性概念尤其需要关注中国技能型社会建设过程中的特色议题,这是其能否有效解释中国现实问题的关键。在中国技能型社会建设进程中,“社会”角色定位、劳动力市场的体制分割,以及城乡分化是其中值得重点关注的特色议题。从跨学科的“大职业教育主义”视角对中国职业教育体系支撑技能型社会建设过程中的本土事实展开深入实证分析,才能从理论上丰富和充实“技能型社会”概念的适应性和解释力,也才能更好地从实践中探寻中国技能型社会建设的本土路径。

数字化转型背景下县域城乡教师网络研修:样态、困境与破解

县域城乡师资均衡配置是义务教育优质均衡发展的重点,也是难点。网络研修为突破这一难点提供了数字化战略选择。如何推进县域城乡教师网络研修,是县域义务教育数字化转型不得不面对的问题,必须予以高度重视。县域城乡教师网络研修主要存在区域常规式网络研修、名师引领式网络研修和校际协同式网络研修三种样态。县域城乡教师网络研修“形象”虽已数字化,但“灵魂”依旧停留在工业化阶段,整体上还是依附于原有的教师研修体制机制,沿用了传统教师研修的方式、方法。数字化与工业化的矛盾引发了县域城乡教师网络研修的诸多困境。破解困境的根本出路在于实施供给改革,由原来的供给驱动转变为需求驱动;关键在于统筹规划,以教学实践为核心构建“教—研—训”一体化研修体系;落脚点在于以方法创新推进数字技术与教师研修深度融合。

实现共同富裕的一个路径探索:人力资本的增长与平衡效应检验

共同富裕是我国新发展阶段的一个远景目标,“富裕”和“共享”是实现共同富裕的关键。构造一个反映人力资本与城乡居民收入差距关系的理论模型,并基于经验证据检验人力资本通过增长效应和平衡效应推动“富裕”和“共享”,进而促进共同富裕的作用。研究发现,人力资本提升既有利于“蛋糕”做大,又能有效促进“蛋糕”更好地分配,显著提升了城乡居民可支配收入水平,且对农村居民收入的提升力度大于城镇居民,成为缩小城乡居民收入差距的关键变量,推动了“富裕”和“共享”目标的实现;中介效应检验证实了人力资本通过促进农村高技能劳动力流向城镇,间接推动城乡居民收入增长和差距缩小,从而实现其增长与平衡效应;分样本回归结果显示,人力资本的平衡效应在低收入省份更加明显,而在高收入省份不显著。

我国义务教育优质均衡发展的现实困境与战略选择

义务教育优质均衡发展是我国义务教育发展的新目标、新任务。义务教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化是两个紧密相连的动态过程,二者相互依存、相互促进、相互融合。由于城乡之间在经济发展、体制机制、社会文化和资源配置等方面长期以来存在较大差距,我国在推动实现义务教育优质均衡发展进程中,仍然面临义务教育评价功利化、多主体协作浅表化、乡村文化底蕴流失、软硬件资源投入不均等困境。为解决这些困境,需要从价值引导、政策推动、文化认同和历史趋向的角度厘清义务教育优质均衡发展的内在逻辑理路,进而搭建城乡义务教育优质均衡发展的逻辑架构,为我国义务教育城乡一体化发展提供战略选择。

国土空间规划背景下城乡规划专业课程知识拓展研究——以房地产相关知识为例

课程知识是实现人才培养目标的主要信息载体,课程知识拓展决定着人才培养的行业背景转型应对措施。当前在中国进入城镇化新常态阶段、城乡规划从增量规划为主向增存并举的权益价值转变的人才培养需求环境和背景下,开展城乡规划专业课程知识拓展的教学改革研究非常必要。该文从城乡规划编制、实施、管理三大环节的专业体系构成方面进行系统分析,认为房地产相关课程知识可以增强城乡规划编制效果的评判标准支撑、拓宽城乡规划实施活动的开展基础范畴、构建城乡规划管理主体的运作依据路径,提出国土空间规划体系改革下的城乡规划专业进行房地产课程知识拓展的可能性,为城乡规划专业课程的教学改革提供借鉴和参考。

“一带一路”沿线规划教育及对华合作初探

城乡规划高等教育合作对推动“一带一路”民心相通具有重要意义,但国内目前对“一带一路”沿线国家城乡规划高等教育的发展及对华合作情况的研究较少。本文收集并梳理了“一带一路”沿线65个国家260所高校所开设的城乡规划及相关专业在师资队伍、课程设置、国际合作等方面的信息,初步总结出“一带一路”沿线国家城乡规划高等教育具有整体水平不高、发展差异显著、产学研用分离、西方色彩浓重四大特征。随后,重点介绍了非洲、东南亚和南亚、中东西亚和中亚等地区代表性高校的城乡规划专业及对华合作情况。最后,从夯实研究基础、平衡区域合作、丰富合作类型、建立合作机制、突出合作重点五个方面提出加强与“一带一路”沿线国家城乡规划高等教育合作的建议。

城乡教育一体化发展的边界阻隔与突破理路

城乡教育一体化发展是介于“相异性”与“同一性”之间的发展,它在保障教育公平与缩小城乡教育差距方面起着举足轻重的作用。县城学校与乡村学校间的多维边界效应是城乡教育一体化发展过程中无法忽视的问题。为此,通过组织边界理论予以学理阐释,得知城乡教育一体化发展的边界阻隔主要表现为以资源空间约束为表征的物理边界阻隔、以经济文化差异为表征的社会边界阻隔和以认知行为冲突为表征的心理边界阻隔。这些表现主要源于资源配置不佳与“新数字鸿沟”、差序格局与乡村教育城镇化趋势、示范观察学习差异等。探索城乡教育一体化发展边界阻隔的突破理路,应从优质教育资源均衡配置与缩小“新数字鸿沟”并举、关注乡村教育差异性、增强创意阶层的乡村可及性等方面着手。

职业教育赋能县域城乡融合发展:逻辑理路、现实梗阻与实践路向

职业教育与县域城乡融合发展以人的全面发展为共同逻辑基点,职业教育依托技能人才培养、科教融汇发展、公共服务供给、教化育人实践和开放合作办学等赋能县域城乡要素流动、产业融合、社会公平、文化交融与治理协同。在加快构建新发展格局的时代背景下,发挥职业教育在县域城乡融合发展中的赋能作用,需要聚焦当前职业教育在人才培养、科技创新、资源配置、文化传播、开放合作领域的现实梗阻,以育人体系完善、科教融汇深化、资源配置优化、文化场域构建、开放格局打造为路向,推动县域城乡人才、产业、服务、文化和治理的多维融合。

中国式乡村教育现代化:概念、逻辑与推进路径

作为中国式现代化的有机组成部分,中国式乡村教育现代化对推动乡村教育高质量发展、赋能乡村振兴和建设现代化强国具有重要的战略意义。中国式乡村教育现代化有着独特的逻辑,这些逻辑的生成既继承着马克思主义和世界教育思想的理论,又承继着中华优秀传统文化的智慧;既回应了新时代教育强国战略的关切,又着力破解乡村教育发展的现实问题,助力我国乡村教育发展实践的经验总结和升华。未来中国式乡村教育现代化的可能进路在于全方位构建适宜教育生态,实现乡村教育理念现代化、要素现代化和评价现代化。

共富背景下城乡教共体学习者GAI准备度研究

教育促进共同富裕是教育领域战略性课题,技术赋能是促进城乡教共体有效协同的重要方式。当前城乡教育资源分布不均,促进教育公平和建立精准长效的教育帮扶迫在眉睫。自2022年底以来,生成式人工智能(GAI)的出现引发全球高度关注,它为学生学习方式和教师教学形态的变革提供了全新的思路,也对城乡教共体结对学校学生的协作学习提出新的挑战。因此,探讨城乡学生利用GAI进行协作学习的预先准备情况对于后续城乡教共体在智能时代更好地协同发展具有重要意义。本研究以浙江省7对城乡教共体的10所小学为研究对象,基于比格斯“3P”学习理论,构建了学习者GAI准备度(Readiness)的影响因素模型。研究发现:整体而言,优势校学生在GAI准备度方面得分均值高于弱势校学生,女生高于男生,高年级学生高于低年级学生;移情关注和预期确认是影响城乡教共体学习者GAI准备度最重要的两个因素;预期确认、双师教学质量和系统质量通过移情关注、自我呈现或师生互动公平感中介GAI准备度。本研究从多维中介视角切入,探索了学习者GAI准备度及影响因素;在此基础上,在实践层面上提出了GAI融入城乡教共体教学的几点建议。

城乡义务教育优质均衡发展政策的演进、逻辑与路向

城乡义务教育优质均衡发展既有利于促进城乡一体化建设,也有利于实现社会公平与正义的目标。在城乡义务教育优质均衡发展过程中,政策支持是实现教育公平发展目标的“稳定器”,即政策在顶层设计与具体实践中能有效把握义务教育发展方向、诊断义务教育症结和促进义务教育改革。从政策演进来看,义务教育政策经历了从非均衡到基本均衡再到优质均衡三个发展阶段;从政策逻辑来看,义务教育优质均衡政策经历了目标上保底到促优、内容上模糊到清晰以及主体职能上错位到归位的演变过程;从政策的优化路径来看,城乡义务教育政策不仅要打破以往“自上而下”政策顶层设计与“自下而上”政策实践的惯性思维;更需要在多样性政策制定、动态性政策执行与有效性政策评估中夯实其发展基础。