Efficient single-pixel imaging encrypted transmission based on 3D Arnold transformation

Single-pixel imaging(SPI)can transform 2D or 3D image data into 1D light signals,which offers promising prospects for image compression and transmission.However,during data communication these light signals in public channels will easily draw the attention of eavesdroppers.Here,we introduce an efficient encryption method for SPI data transmission that uses the 3D Arnold transformation to directly disrupt 1D single-pixel light signals and utilizes the elliptic curve encryption algorithm for key transmission.This encryption scheme immediately employs Hadamard patterns to illuminate the scene and then utilizes the 3D Arnold transformation to permutate the 1D light signal of single-pixel detection.Then the transformation parameters serve as the secret key,while the security of key exchange is guaranteed by an elliptic curve-based key exchange mechanism.Compared with existing encryption schemes,both computer simulations and optical experiments have been conducted to demonstrate that the proposed technique not only enhances the security of encryption but also eliminates the need for complicated pattern scrambling rules.Additionally,this approach solves the problem of secure key transmission,thus ensuring the security of information and the quality of the decrypted images.

基于行列异或的Arnold双置乱图像加密方法

针对目前加密图像单一以及加密算法安全性不高的问题,提出基于行列异或的Arnold双置乱图像加密方法。实施过程:首先根据Arnold变换公式对图像进行灰度空间置乱和位置空间置乱,然后进行行按位异或操作,其次,将上述结果再进行一次位置空间置乱,最后再进行列按位异或运算。该方法有效增强了传统Arnold双置乱的置乱效果,使图像得到充分扩散,最终得到密文图像。实验结果表明,本文方法能实现等长和不等长图像的置乱,改善了常规Arnold方法的置乱效果,有效降低了图像相邻像素间的相关性,保证了图像传输过程中的安全性和鲁棒性要求。

Digital Image Scrambling Technology Based on the Symmetry of Arnold Transform

An improved digital image scrambling method based on Arnold transform is proposed. The method can be used for the rectangle image by splitting rectangle image into several square images. Furthermore, a pretreatment is added to speeding up the process and enhancing the scrambling effect. The recovering of the scrambled image depends on the reverse Arnold transform that has the same cycle times with the Arnold transform. The recovering is Iossless and need not calculating the period of the Arnold transform. Finally, experimental results show the robustness of the method.

Period of Arnold transformation and its application in image scrambling

With the security problem of image information as the background, some more properties of the period of Arnold transformation of two-dimension were studied by means of introducing a integer sequence. Some new resuits are obtained. Two interesting conjectures on the period of Arnold transformation are given. When making digital images scrambling by Arnold transformation, it is important to know the period of the transformation for the image. As the application of the theory, a new method for computing the periods at last are proposed.

基于Arnold变换的抗截获波形设计方法

随着安全通信要求的提高,卫星通信信号的隐蔽性备受关注。提出了一种基于Arnold变换的抗截获波形设计方法,采用图像领域中的Arnold变换,将扩频信号在频域进行置乱后发送,使得置乱后的信号在时域上不具备扩频信号的周期特性,在频域上更具有随机特性,提高信号传输的安全性。经Arnold变换后的信号采用时延相关法进行检测,不能检测出明显的相关峰。根据时延相关的结果,采用峰均比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio, PAPR)检测,分析置乱信号的检测概率。与传统扩频信号相比,设计的信号波形在相同信噪比和检测门限条件下,具有更低的检测概率,抗截获性能更好。经过仿真验证可知,接收端根据Arnold反变换,恢复出包含有重要信息的原始信号,并且经过Arnold变化后的信号几乎不会造成误码率的波动和提升。

A Recursive High Payload Reversible Data Hiding Using Integer Wavelet and Arnold Transform

Reversible data hiding is an information hiding technique that requires the retrieval of the error free cover image after the extraction of the secret image.We suggested a technique in this research that uses a recursive embedding method to increase capacity substantially using the Integer wavelet transform and the Arnold transform.The notion of Integer wavelet transforms is to ensure that all coefficients of the cover images are used during embedding with an increase in payload.By scrambling the cover image,Arnold transform adds security to the information that gets embedded and also allows embedding more information in each iteration.The hybrid combination of Integer wavelet transform and Arnold transform results to build a more efficient and secure system.The proposed method employs a set of keys to ensure that information cannot be decoded by an attacker.The experimental results show that it aids in the development of a more secure storage system and withstand few tampering attacks The suggested technique is tested on many image formats,including medical images.Various performance metrics proves that the retrieved cover image and hidden image are both intact.This System is proven to withstand rotation attack as well.

基于Arnold-DWT-QR的脆弱性图像水印算法

在人物新闻图像中,人眼视觉更关注于人脸高频细节部分,为实现含水印的人物新闻图像受到任何微弱攻击情况下均不能完整提取出水印信息,且具有较好的不可感知性,提出了一种Arnold置乱结合离散小波变换(DWT)、正交三角分解法(QR)的脆弱性图像水印算法。首先将水印图像进行Arnold置乱加密,再提取载体图像B通道中人眼不敏感的低频细节部分进行QR分解,最后将Arnold置乱加密后的水印图像QR分解后嵌入在载体图像矩阵R中每一个元素,使较少的水印信息均嵌入在载体图像的每一个像素中。实验结果表明,该算法在未受攻击情况下平均峰值信噪比(PSNR)为51 dB,归一化相关系数(NC)为1.0,在任何强度的攻击下均无法提取完整水印图像,具有较好的人物新闻图像认证能力。

二维Arnold变换及非等长图像置乱变换

二维Arnold变换因对于等长数字图像都存在变换周期,而常常应用于等长数字图像加密过程中的置乱变换过程。但对于非等长数字图像其变换周期一般不存在而不应用于图像加密过程。给出并证明了采用二维Arnold变换对数字图像进行置乱变换时,使变换周期存在图像高和宽需满足的充分必要条件,找到并证明了一个对任意高宽的数字图像都存在置乱变换周期的变换矩阵。该变换矩阵可广泛应用于对任意尺寸数字图像的置乱变换过程。

基于Arnold变换的数字图像置乱技术

针对近年来兴起的数字图像信息安全问题 ,从 Arnold变换出发 ,给出了在位置空间和色彩空间上对数字图像进行置乱的方法 .这些方法简便易行 。

Contourlet watermarking algorithm based on Arnold scrambling and singular value decomposition

A new digital watermarking algorithm based on the contourlet transform is proposed to improve the robustness and anti-attack performances of digital watermarking. The algorithm uses the Arnold scrambling technique and the singular value decomposition （SVD） scheme. The Arnold scrambling technique is used to preprocess the watermark, and the SVD scheme is used to find the best suitable hiding points. After the contourlet transform of the carrier image, intermediate frequency sub-bands are decomposed to obtain the singularity values. Then the watermark bits scrambled in the Arnold rules are dispersedly embedded into the selected SVD points. Finally, the inverse contourlet transform is applied to obtain the carrier image with the watermark. In the extraction part, the watermark can be extracted by the semi-blind watermark extracting algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better hiding and robustness performances than the traditional contourlet watermarking algorithm and the contourlet watermarking algorithm with SVD. Meanwhile, it has good robustness performances when the embedded watermark is attacked by Gaussian noise, salt- and-pepper noise, multiplicative noise, image scaling and image cutting attacks, etc. while security is ensured.

一种基于Arnold变换的数字图像加密算法

提出了一种基于Arnold变换的均匀数字图像加密算法。将传统的Arnold变换进行改进,加入两个参数a,b,并利用Logistic映射产生参数序列。将数字图像分块,对每个图像块分别进行参数不同的Arnold变换,由此实现对图像的位置置乱。另外将Arnold变换推广至多维,用于图像的灰度置乱,从而构造一个位置置乱和灰度置乱相结合的图像加密算法。实验仿真结果表明该算法能够取得很好的加密效果,且具有密钥空间大,密钥敏感性强,以及能够抵御统计和已知明文攻击等优点。基本满足图像加密的有效性和安全性要求。

三维不等长Arnold变换及其在图像置乱中的应用

传统的二维Arnold变换和三维Arnold变换在图像置乱过程中仅能改变图像的像素位置,导致图像置乱效果不理想.为此,利用二维等长Arnold变换构造三维等长Arnold变换的原理,将二维不等长Arnold变换及其反变换进行推广,得到了一种三维不等长Arnold变换及其反变换的算法.该算法将平面图像一一映射为立体空间二值图像,对其像素位置的置乱和恢复间接地改变了平面图像的像素位置和像素值大小;并采用小波多级分解和信息论相结合的方法实现了图像置乱效果的评价.实验结果表明,采用文中算法是可行的,对于图像置乱结果的评价与人的视觉感知基本相符.

基于频谱切割和二维Arnold变换的彩色图像加密算法

针对多通道彩色图像加密算法传输负担大的缺陷,提出了基于频谱切割和二维Arnold变换的单通道彩色图像加密算法。该算法对原彩色图像的RGB分量分别进行不同分数阶次的分数傅里叶变换(FrFT),将各分量所得频谱信息进行切割,组合成一幅新的频谱;再用二维Arnold变换对组合频谱进行置乱,使三个分量的频谱信息充分混淆和扩散。密文为一幅灰度图像,在保留原彩色图像主要信息的同时,减小了传输负担。仿真结果与性能分析验证了该算法的加密效果和安全性。

一种改进的Arnold Cat变换图像置乱算法

Arnold Cat变换是经典的图像置乱算法,但其存在密钥量小,置乱视觉效果差的缺点。同时置乱仅仅是重新排列图像各像素点的位置,像素值并没有发生改变,这样攻击者就可以通过统计分析等手段进行破译。针对Arnold Cat变换的不足,运用混沌理论,提出了一种基于均匀性的改进Arnold Cat变换置乱算法。仿真实验证明改进的算法具有密钥量大、置乱视觉效果好、图像的位置和像素值均发生本质改变等优点,增加了图像加密的安全性。

基于Arnold逆变换的图像置乱恢复算法

针对Arnold变换图像置乱恢复,目前常用的方法有利用Arnold变换的周期性和利用反变换两种。提出一种新的基于Arnold逆变换的置乱恢复方法,该方法将Arnold变换矩阵的逆矩阵作为置乱恢复过程中的变换矩阵,同时,把二维逆变换推广到了m维的情形,并在此基础上,统一了Arnold变换和Arnold逆变换的形式。实验对三种方法的性能进行了比较,结果表明,对于已应用Arnold变换进行预处理的置乱图像,算法无须计算变换周期,无须讨论方程式即可快速实现图像的置乱恢复。

基于分块DCT变换和Arnold置乱的自适应图像水印算法

提出了一种基于分块DCT变换和Arnold置乱变换的自适应图像水印算法,该算法在水印嵌入过程中充分考虑了人类视觉系统(HVS)的特点,在不同的DCT块中嵌入不同的水印能量,从而使算法具有自适应能力。实验结果表明:该算法对于常见的图像处理具有较强的鲁棒性,特别是具有十分有效的抗击剪切的能力。

Arnold变换的周期及其应用

探讨了Arnold变换的周期性,主要结果包括:①通过构造一个整数序列{Gn}并研究Arnold变换的周期与该整数序列{Gn}的联系,获得了一些关于Arnold变换周期的新的性质,特别是文中得到的素数阶数字图像周期的上界比已有的结果更精确;②给出了计算Arnold变换最小周期的一种算法,实验结果说明该算法优于已有的一些算法。

基于Arnold变换的图像信息伪装算法

在对图像以二维Arnold变换置乱的基础上,根据八邻域内像素之间的相关性来确定LSB(最低有效位)的替换方式,提取时只需提取置乱图像的LSB即可。该算法结合了图像置乱技术和改进的LSB嵌入方案,使嵌入的数据获得了抗检测和抗提取的双层安全保障。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地抵抗RS(Regular Singular)和SPA(Sample PairAnalysis)隐写分析,并保持了图像的直方图统计特征,此外,适用于灰度图像和彩色图像,易于实现。

Arnold变换在非方阵图像置乱中的应用

在信息安全领域,图像加密近年来越来越被重视。Arnold变换作为一种图像置乱的方法,在方阵数字图像置乱上被广泛使用。本文对基于Arnold变换的图像置乱及恢复进行研究,并针对本文所用图像的特点,提出了分块Arnold变换的方法,实现了Arnold变换在非方阵图像上的扩展。与常用的扩充方法进行效率上的对比,通过实验验证了Arnold变换用于非方阵图像置乱的可行性。

基于分层Arnold变换的置乱算法

针对数字图像信息隐藏存在的安全问题,提出一种基于按位分层Arnold变换的置乱算法。算法将秘密图像按位平面分层,同时考虑图像的位置迁移和像素的灰度变换,对每个位平面进行不同次数的Arnold变换,经像素交叉换位,相邻像素间按位异或得出置乱图像。实验结果表明,秘密图像分层置乱后直方图分布更加均匀,与白噪声相似度在0.962左右,置乱图像可近无损地还原和提取,提高了信息隐藏的鲁棒性。与其他置乱算法相比,置乱图像具有更高的置乱度、更强的抵御攻击能力,提高了空域信息隐藏的安全性。