Relationship between Al(OH)_3 solubility and particle size in synthetic Bayer liquors

Surface tension of sodium aluminate solution and the contact angle between Al（OH）3 particles and aluminate solution were measured, then the dependence of Al（OH）3 solubility on its particle size was calculated and thus the variation of the critical nucleus sizes was determined based on the Ostwald ripening formula. The results show that the Al（OH）3 solubility in sodium aluminate solution decreases with the increment of particle size, and the critical nucleus sizes increase with the rise of alkali concentration, caustic ratio and precipitation temperature. The results also imply that the presence of small particles in seeded precipitation system is an important factor to limit the depth of precipitation.

Comparison of Algorithms for an Electronic Nose in Identifying Liquors

When the electronic nose is used to identify different varieties of distilled liquors, the pattern recognition algorithm is chosen on the basis of the experience, which lacks the guiding principle. In this research, the different brands of distilled spirits were identified using the pattern recognition algorithms （principal component analysis and the artificial neural network）. The recognition rates of different algorithms were compared. The recognition rate of the Back Propagation Neural Network （BPNN） is the highest. Owing to the slow convergence speed of the BPNN, it tends easily to get into a local minimum. A chaotic BPNN was tried in order to overcome the disadvantage of the BPNN. The convergence speed of the chaotic BPNN is 75.5 times faster than that of the BPNN.

Solvent extraction of V(Ⅴ) and Cr(Ⅲ) from acidic leach liquors of ilmenite using Aliquat 336

Extraction of V（V） and Cr（III） from acidic sulfate leach liquors of ilmenite using 0.4 mol/L Aliquat 336 chloride in kerosene was carried out. Different parameters affecting the extraction process such as equilibrium time, sulfate concentration, Aliquat 336 concentration, equilibrium p H and the extraction temperature were investigated. Extraction of V（V） and Cr（III） by Aliquat 336 involved anion exchange mechanism, and the extracted species are [（VO2SO4）R4N]org at low equilibrium p H for V（V） and [R4N-Cr（OH）4]org at high equilibrium p H for Cr（III）. Calculated thermodynamic parameters show that the extraction process is endothermic reaction for V（V） and exothermic for Cr（III）. Also, calculated values of ？Gex and ？Sex indicate that the extraction reactions of V（V） and Cr（III） proceed as non-spontaneous reaction is more random. V（V） and Cr（III） were stripped, precipitated, separated and calcined at 500 °C for 2.0 h to produce the corresponding oxide in pure form after rinsing and drying.

Synthesis of Fe_3O_4 Magnetic Powder from Spent Pickling Liquors

Spent pickling liquors pose a serious environmental problem in most industrialized countries, mainly owing to their corrosive properties and their ferrous iron and hydrochloric acid content. In this paper, spent pickling liquor was used as an inexpensive raw material to prepare Fe304 magnetic powder via an oxidation method. Being able to recover the dissolved iron from spent pickling liquors would not only salvage a valuable material but also render the effluent environmentally benign. The structure of the Fe_3O_4 magnetic powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The morphology and size were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Their magnetic properties were tested at room temperature by a vibrating sample magnetometer. In addition, the saturation magnetization of Fe_3 O_4 products can be further enhanced to 96.1 emu/g after purification.

Organic acids and inorganic anions in Bayer liquors by ion chromatography after solid-phase extraction

A method for the simultaneous separation and determination of organic acids and inorganic anions in Bayer liquors was developed by gradient ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. Formate, acetate, propionate, oxalate, succinate, glutarate, fluoride, chloride and sulfate were separated and determined in 33 min. The samples were pretreated with solid-phase extraction, which has high selectivity for removing a large number of metallic ions in the Bayer liquors, and filtered with a 0.45 μm filter membrane before being injected into the ion chromatographic system. The separation of six organic acids and three inorganic anions was achieved on an IonPac AS11-HC column with KOH as the eluent, and the detection was performed by a conductivity detection mode. No interference is found in the presence of fluorate, chlorate and sulphate when organic acids are determined. The calibration graphs of peak area for all the analytes are linear over a wide range. The relative standard derivation of the peak area of analytes is less than 2.14%. Under optimum conditions the detection ranges from 0.2 to 100.0 mg/L. The average recoveries of the added standards are between 94.3% and 102.8%.

BAYER LIQUORS IN ALUMINA REFINERIES STUDIED BY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

The assignments of the absorption peaks in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectra of the Bayer liquors were established in this study, which provided the basis for the study of Bayer liquors by FTIR techniques. The FTIR study of the Bayer liquors from two alumina refineries indicated that both liquors contained carbonate, humate and A1(OH); ions. The existence of sulphate ions in one of the liquors was also discovered.

Synthesis and characterization of Co_3O_4 prepared from atmospheric pressure acid leach liquors of nickel laterite ores

A chemical precipitation-thermal decomposition method was developed to synthesize Co3O4 nanoparticles using cobalt liquor obtained from the atmospheric pressure acid leaching process of nickel laterite ores. The effects of the precursor reaction temperature, the concentration of Co2＋, and the calcination temperature on the specific surface area, morphology, and the electrochemical behavior of the ob- tained Co304 particles were investigated. The precursor basic cobaltous carbonate and cobaltosic oxide products were characterized and ana- lyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis, and electrochemical analysis. The results indicate that the specific surface area of the Co3O4particles with a diameter of 30 rim, which were obtained under the optimum conditions of a precursor reaction temperature of 30℃, 0.25 mol/L Co2＋, and a calcination temperature of 350℃, was 48.89 m2/g. Electrodes fabricated using Co3O4 nanoparticles exhibited good electrochemical properties, with a specific capacitance of 216.3 F/g at a scan rate of 100 mV/s.

Integration of network pharmacology and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells experimental research to reveal the molecular mechanisms for Hai Honghua medicinal liquor against osteoporosis

Background:Hai Honghua medicinal liquor(HHML)formula has been used in clinical practice for a long time,mainly for the treatment of freshly closed fractures,to promote osteogenesis,to increase bone mass,and thus to promote fracture healing.However,the underlying mechanisms of HHML in the treatment of osteoporosis(OP)are still unclear.Methods:Firstly,Traditional Chinese Medicines Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine were used to screen the targets of the active compounds of HHML.At the same time,OP targets were identified through GeneCards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,DisGeNET,Therapeutic Target Database,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and Human Phenotype Ontology databases.Next,protein-protein interaction and pathway networks were constructed for compound-disease common targets,and core targets and compounds were screened for molecular docking.Furthermore,rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted as model cells,and the osteogenic effects of HHML were verified via in vitro experiments.Results:Total of 343 common targets of HHML-OP and the top 10 target proteins in the protein-protein interaction network are TP53,AKT1,STAT3,HSP90AA1,ESR1,TNF,IL6,MAPK1,MAPK3 and MAPK8.Enrichment analysis yielded that the key molecular pathway was the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Molecular docking analysis showed that baicalein,erysodienone and naringenin docked with the target proteins AKT1,STAT3 and TP53,respectively,with low binding energy and high affinity.In addition,In vitro experiments demonstrated that HHML promoted the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;compared with the control group,HHML-treated cells showed enhanced alkaline phosphatase staining,promoted the expression of OCN,RUNX2,BSP,and COL1 mRNAs as well as the expression of PI3K and AKT phosphorylated proteins.Secondly,the expression of target proteins revealed that HHML promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3 protein and inhibited the expression of P53.Conclusions:Our study investigated that HHML treatment with OP promotes bone formation possibly through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and may involve STAT3 and TP53 target interactions.

The mechanistic study on Wa medicine Niang-Mu-Liang medicinal liquor mitigating diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction in rats by inhibiting ferroptosis

Background:This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Wa medicine Niang-Mu-Liang medicinal liquor(NML)on rats with diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction(DMED)and its impact on the ferroptosis signaling pathway.Methods:Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:Control,DMED,and NML.After establishing the DMED model,treatments were administered for 8 weeks.After the administration,apomorphine hydrochloride tests were conducted to measure the mass and organ index of testes and epididymides,sperm concentration and viability in each group.Penile corpus cavernosum tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in the penile corpus cavernosum tissues were determined using biochemical kits and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,while the expression of proteins related to the ferroptosis signaling pathway was measured by Western blot.Results:Compared to the DMED group,the DMED rats treated with NML showed significantly increased erection frequency,testicular and epididymal mass and index,sperm count and viability,along with noticeable improvement in the pathological morphology of penile corpus cavernosum.The content of nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate,and the expression of ferritin heavy chain,ferritin light chain,and glutathione peroxidase 4 proteins in penile corpus cavernosum tissue were elevated,while the expression of transferrin and STEAP3 proteins was reduced.Conclusion:NML can improve erectile function in DMED rats by inhibiting the ferroptosis signaling pathway.

推拿联合中药外用治疗肿块型先天性肌性斜颈28例

目的观察优化推拿法联合中药外敷、药酒外涂治疗肿块型先天性肌性斜颈的临床疗效。方法将56例肿块型先天性肌性斜颈患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组28例。对照组采取传统推拿法治疗,观察组采取优化推拿法(直推“颈部五线法”为君,捏、捻、拿、拨患侧胸锁乳突肌为臣,牵伸患侧胸锁乳突肌为佐,长按阳陵泉、膈俞、膻中、足三里为使)联合中药外敷、药酒外涂。治疗前后分别观察患儿颈部歪斜角度、患侧被动旋转角度、健侧被动侧屈角度、颜面部差值,采用二维超声测量双侧胸锁乳突肌的肌肉厚度差值及肌肉弹性值差值,并观察两组临床疗效。结果在降低两侧胸锁乳突肌的肌肉厚度差值、肌肉弹性值差值和颈部歪斜角度、颜面部差值,升高患侧被动旋转角度、健侧被动侧屈角度方面,观察组显著优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论优化推拿法联合中药外敷、药酒外涂对肿块型先天性肌性斜颈的疗效优于传统推拿法。

桉木预水解液木糖母液二次提糖研究

本研究分析了桉木预水解液木糖母液二次提糖的经济性,探讨了提高母液中木糖含量的方案,并设计了可行的二次提糖工艺路线,探索了专利菌种的生化规律。在此基础上,通过对半乳糖、甘露糖具有特异性同化作用的酵母,消耗母液中主要杂糖葡萄糖和甘露糖,提高母液中木糖含量。通过酸水解将母液中大量半纤维素中间体水解成木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖等单糖,母液木糖含量提升至79.03%;整个过程木糖含量提高25.79个百分点,实现了母液二次提糖的目标。

酱香型白酒酿造过程中氨基甲酸乙酯前体来源解析

氨基甲酸乙酯(ethyl carbamate,EC)广泛存在于白酒中,由于其具有致癌性,对我国白酒品质和国民健康产生了负面影响,因此明确其形成机制十分必要。但酱香型白酒生产工艺复杂,EC的形成机制尚不清楚。该研究旨在明确酱香型白酒酿造过程中EC前体的来源,分析不同工艺阶段中的EC前体含量变化规律,为进一步明确EC的形成机制奠定基础。通过检测分析不同原辅料中EC前体含量,明确了EC前体的主要来源是大曲。通过检测分析不同工艺节点的EC及其前体的含量,明确了酱香型白酒中EC的主要形成阶段是蒸馏阶段,氰化物是蒸馏阶段的主要前体。模拟反应实验表明,高粱中的蜀黍糖苷是氰化物的主要来源,这一结论也与氰化物在发酵过程中的含量变化规律相符。最后,从白酒酒醅中筛选得到了一株与生氰糖苷形成氰化物密切相关的热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)。该结果为后续调控酱香型白酒中的EC含量提供了思路。

稀土石膏母液循环法制备硫酸钙晶须及其晶型转换和性能研究

以稀土冶金过程产生的废渣(稀土石膏)为原料,采用微波法制备硫酸钙晶须,随后探讨母液循环对硫酸钙晶须制备及其晶型转化的影响,明确了硫酸钙晶须晶型转换条件,最后探究硫酸钙的性能。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重-差热分析仪(TG)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和原子力-拉曼光谱仪和荧光光谱仪(F-4600)等仪器对硫酸钙晶须的结构、形貌和性能进行表征和分析。结果表明:母液循环3次后,晶须的形貌和晶体结构稳定,平均长度为92.4μm,长径比为13.7,可见母液循环方案可行。循环后的产物通过调控干燥温度进行烘干,在80℃、90℃和420℃下分别制备出二水、半水和无水硫酸钙晶须,3种硫酸钙晶须均具有吸收紫外光和发射蓝光的性能,其中半水硫酸钙晶须的发光性能最好。固废与母液循环提高了废渣和废液处理过程中的资源利用效率,减少了对环境的不良影响。通过对硫酸钙晶须晶型的调控并赋予硫酸钙晶须发光特性,为探究硫酸钙晶须应用领域提供新方向,同时为稀土冶金的清洁化生产提供了新思路。

白酒丢糟资源化利用研究进展

白酒丢糟是白酒酿造过程中的固体副产物,丢糟中含有粗淀粉、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗纤维和氨基酸等成分,具有资源化利用的可行性。本文综述了近年来白酒丢糟资源化利用的途径和技术,包括制备生态修复材料、土壤改良剂、饲料和生物能源等,旨在为白酒丢糟的综合性、多功能、高值化利用提供新的思路。

基于UPLC/Q-TOF-MS技术的牛大力酒成分分析

为更好地研究牛大力酒的功能,本研究采用超高效液相色谱仪联用四级杆串联飞行时间质谱仪(UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)技术在正负粒子模式下分析牛大力酒中的成分,采用Masslynx4.1软件及网络数据库TCM Chiese[UNIFI1.7]和Chem Spider检索其一级、二级质谱数据,快速鉴定了牛大力酒中主要化学成分,共鉴定出29种化学成分,包括酚酸类3个、黄酮类5个、三萜类21个。其中21个三萜类化合物及3个黄酮类化合物均首次从牛大力中分离得到。

固相法合成钴掺杂锰系锂离子筛的吸附性能

随着5G/6G通信、新能源汽车、锂电池产业的快速发展,近年来对锂化合物(尤其是Li_(2)CO_(3))的需求急剧增加,许多国家将锂视为战略矿产资源.目前从锂沉淀母液中提取锂受到了极大的关注.锰系离子筛(LMO)是一种具有广泛应用前景的吸附剂,可实现复杂溶液中锂的高效回收.但LMO在酸洗解吸过程中存在锰溶损严重的难题,会降低吸附性能和循环性能.针对上述问题,本研究提出引入Co^(3+)掺杂降低LMO锰溶解损失的策略,制备了钴掺杂锰系离子筛(LCMO).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对不同煅烧温度和焙烧时间下制备的LCMO进行表征分析.表征结果表明,Co掺杂对LMO的尖晶石结构没有影响,并且Co最佳掺杂摩尔分数为5%,此时离子筛前驱体中Mn^(3+)的原子分数从未掺杂的9.67%降低到3.63%,对应的锂吸附容量从39.299 mg·g^(-1)显著增加到41.708 mg·g^(-1),锰溶损也从1.288%显著降低至0.837%,大大地增加了锰系离子筛的实际应用可能性.制备的摩尔分数为5%Co掺杂的离子筛(LCMO-5%)具有良好的循环性能,Li^(+)的吸附能力在5次循环后仍然保持在81%以上.在模拟的锂沉淀母液中,Li/Na和Li/K之间的分离系数分别为74.655和64.547,这证明了LCMO-5%能有效地从高Na^(+)、K^(+)溶液中吸附分离Li^(+).因此,LCMO-5%离子筛具有从锂沉淀母液中提取Li+的应用前景.

酱香型轮次原酒特征风味与感官特性的差异性分析

以贵州某酒厂2021-2022年度的1~7轮次酱香型原酒为研究对象,采用气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱技术(GC/Q-TOF MS)检测原酒的挥发性风味物质,通过偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)、主成分分析(PCA)法分析各轮次原酒聚类情况及关键差异风味物质,进一步采用感官描述分析对原酒进行感官评定。结果表明,从1~7轮次原酒中共检出66种挥发性风味物质。1~7轮次原酒能被PLS-DA及PCA法有效区分,其中第1、2轮次聚为一类,第3、5轮次聚为一类,第6、7轮次聚为一类,第4轮次单独聚为一类。利用香气活度值(OAV)在1~7轮次原酒中分别筛选出24、26、26、21、23、22和23种关键香气化合物(OAV≥1),基于变量重要性投影(VIP)值共筛选得到20种关键差异香气化合物(VIP>1)。第1、2轮次原酒粮香明显,第3、4、5轮次原酒具有更丰富的花香和醇香,而第6、7轮次原酒的焦糊香更突出。

市场倒逼与“豫酒振兴”产业政策的调整

我国白酒产业区域竞争导致市场加速分化,同时消费者偏好也发生了变化。中原地区酿酒历史悠久,人口密集,但资本市场发育不充分,白酒板块自成体系。在当前形势下,应将“豫酒振兴”产业政策重点由支持以“五朵金花”为代表的重点企业,转向培育本地市场和优化产业环境;改变对“杂牌酒”的歧视态度,围绕新一代消费群体,加速地方传统白酒的业态创新。

不同年份酱香型白酒一轮次基酒挥发性风味物质差异分析

以不同年份酱香型白酒一轮次基酒为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术分析挥发性风味物质,利用主成分分析(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)构建模型,基于变量重要性投影(VIP)值及方差分析P值筛选不同年份酱香型白酒一轮次基酒中差异风味物质,并结合感官定量描述分析(QDA)解析不同年份酱香型白酒一轮次基酒挥发性风味物质差异。结果表明,一轮次基酒花香、果香、酸香和粮香得分较高,酸香和粮香随着贮存年限增加而下降,果香、花香和余味随年限增加而上升。不同年份酱香型白酒一轮次基酒中共检出156种挥发性风味化合物,包括12种酸类、44种酯类、13种醛类、27种醇类和60种其他类。通过PCA和OPLS-DA可以区分不同年份酱香型白酒一轮次基酒,共筛选出89种差异风味物质(VIP>1、P<0.05),其中苯甲醛、4-十一烷酮、1-辛醇、辛酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、异戊酸乙酯、3-辛醇、己醛-2-乙缩醛、丁酸-2-戊酯、2-壬醇10种是导致不同年份酱香型白酒一轮次基酒差异的潜在差异物质。