Memristor’s characteristics: From non-ideal to ideal

Memristor has been widely studied in the field of neuromorphic computing and is considered to be a strong candidate to break the von Neumann bottleneck. However, the non-ideal characteristics of memristor seriously limit its practical application. There are two sides to everything, and memristors are no exception. The non-ideal characteristics of memristors may become ideal in some applications. Genetic algorithm(GA) is a method to search for the optimal solution by simulating the process of biological evolution. It is widely used in the fields of machine learning, combinatorial optimization,and signal processing. In this paper, we simulate the biological evolutionary behavior in GA by using the non-ideal characteristics of memristors, based on which we design peripheral circuits and path planning algorithms based on memristor networks. The experimental results show that the non-ideal characteristics of memristor can well simulate the biological evolution behavior in GA.

Effect of spin on the instability of THz plasma waves in field-effect transistors under non-ideal boundary conditions

Terahertz(THz) radiation can be generated due to the instability of THz plasma waves in field-effect transistors(FETs). In this work, we discuss the instability of THz plasma waves in the channel of FETs with spin and quantum effects under non-ideal boundary conditions. We obtain a linear dispersion relation by using the hydrodynamic equation, Maxwell equation and spin equation. The influence of source capacitance, drain capacitance, spin effects, quantum effects and channel width on the instability of THz plasma waves under the non-ideal boundary conditions is investigated in great detail. The results of numerical simulation show that the THz plasma wave is unstable when the drain capacitance is smaller than the source capacitance;the oscillation frequency with asymmetric boundary conditions is smaller than that under non-ideal boundary conditions;the instability gain of THz plasma waves becomes lower under non-ideal boundary conditions. This finding provides a new idea for finding efficient THz radiation sources and opens up a new mechanism for the development of THz technology.

Energy-efficient data transmission with non-ideal circuit power for downlink cellular networks

The downlink energy-efficient transmission schedule with non-ideal circuit power over Wreless networks involving a single transmitter and multiple receivers was investigated. According to the special structure of the problem, a novel algorithm called OOSCPMR （the optimal offine scheduling with non-ideal circuit power for multi-receivers） is proposed, and the optimal offine solutions to optimize the energy- efficient transmission policy are found. The packets to be transmitted can be divided into two types where one type of packet is determined to be transmitted using the enrgy- efficient tansmission time, and the other type of packet is determined by the ID moveright algorithm. Finally, an energy-efficient online schedule is developed based on te proposed OOSCPMR algoriAm. Simulation results show that the optima offline transmission schedule provides te lower bound performance for the online tansmission schedule. The proposed optimal offline and online policy is more energy efficient than the existing schemes tat assume ideal circuit power.

A Non-linear Non-ideal Model of Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography for Chiral Separations

A non-linear non-ideal model, taking into account non-linear competitive isotherms, axial dispersion, film mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and port periodic switching, was developed to simulate the dynamics of simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC). The model equations were solved by a new efficient numerical technique of orthogonal collocation on finite elements with periodical movement of concentration vector. The simulated SMBC performance is in accordance with the experimental results reported in the literature for separation of l,1'-bi-2-naphthol enantiomers using SMBC. This model is useful for design, operation, optimization and scale-up of non-linear SMBC for chiral separations with significant non-ideal effects, especially for high solute concentration and small intraparticle diffusion coefficient or large chiral stationary phase particle.

Numerical modelling of non-ideal detonation in ANFO explosives applying Wood-Kirkwood theory coupled with EXPLO5 thermochemical code

Ammonium nitrate and fuel oil(ANFO)based explosive is a classic example of non-ideal high explosives.Its detonation is characterized by a strong dependence of detonation parameters on explosive charge diameter,presence and characteristics of confinement,as well as incomplete consumption of explosive at the sonic point.In this work we propose a detonation model based on the Wood-Kirkwood(WK)theory coupled with the thermochemical code EXPLO5 and supplemented with reaction rate models.Our objective is to analyze the validity of the model for highly non-ideal ANFO explosives,with emphasis on effect of reaction rate models.It was found that both single-step and two-step pressure-based models can be calibrated to reproduce experimental detonation velocity-charge radius data of ANFO at radii significantly above the failure radius(i.e.for D/D_(id)>~0.6).Single-step pressure-based model,with the pressure exponent equal to 1.4,proved to be the most accurate,even in the vicinity of the failure radius.The impact of the rate models is most evident on temporal(and spatial)distribution of flow parameters in detonation driving zone,especially when it comes to the conversion and width of detonation driving zone.

A novel digital control strategy of three-phase shunt active power filter under non-ideal mains voltages

A novel control strategy for three-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF) was proposed to improve its performance under non-ideal mains voltages. The approach was inspired by our finding that the classic instantaneous reactive power theory based algorithm was unsatisfactory in terms of isolating positive sequence fundamental active components exactly under non-ideal mains voltages. So, a modified ip-iq reference current calculation method was presented. With usage of the new method, not only the positive sequence but also the fundamental active current components can be accurately isolated from load current. A deadbeat closed-loop control model is built in order to eliminate both delay error and tracking error between reference voltages and compensation voltages under unbalanced and distorted mains voltages. Computer simulation results show that the proposed strategy is effective with better tracking ability and lower total harmonic distortion (THD). The strategy is also applied to a 10 kV substation with a local electrolysis manganese plant injecting a large amount of harmonics into the power system, and is proved to be more practical and efficient.

Pseudoelastic effect in autoparametric non-ideal vibrating system with SMA spring

In this paper a three degrees of freedom autoparametric system with limited power supply is investigated numerically. The system consists of the body, which is hung on a spring and a damper, and two pendulums connected by shape memory alloy （SMA） spring. Shape memory alloys have ability to change their material properties with temperature. A polynomial constitutive model is assumed to describe the behavior of the SMA spring. The non-ideal source of power adds one degree of freedom, so the system has four degrees of freedom. The equations of motion have been solved numerically and pseudoelastic effects associated with the martensitic phase transformation are studied. It is shown that in this type system one mode of vibrations might excite or damp another mode, and that except different kinds of periodic vibrations there may also appear chaotic vibrations. For the identification of the responses of the system＇s various techniques, including chaos techniques such as bifurcation diagrams and time histories, power spectral densities, Poincare maps and exponents of Lyapunov may be used.

Confinement Effect and Diameter Effect on the Non-ideal Detonation Parameters of Small Charge

An expanding model of the confinement of non-ideal detonation of small charge is established on the basis of the nozzle theory.Making use of the expanding model,the analytic relationship of small charge detonation velocity and the semi-empirical relationship of detonation pressure that both change with charge diameter and confinement condition are established.The detonation velocity and pressure of small charges are calculated and experimentally verified,and the detonation velocity deviation is less than 7% while the detonation pressure deviation is less than 9%.

Investigation of Shock Waves in Non-Ideal Gas under the Action of Magnetic Field

In present paper, certain aspect of shock wave in non-ideal gas, when magnetic field is orthogonal to the trajectories of the gas particles and electrical conductivity is taken to be infinite, is investigated. Considering one-dimensional unsteady non-planer motion, basic equations, its general solution and formation of shock-wave, conservation laws and jumps conditions, variation of area of non-uniform cross section and analytical solution of strong non planer shock is obtained.

Frequency-Concentration Dependence of Optical Activity of a Non-Ideal 1D-Superlattice

In the present work the widths of layers constituting the non-ideal superlattice are much bigger then the characteristic scales of space dispersion. In such a case the contribution of individual layers to gyrotropy can be regarded as independed. Thus the corresponding optical quantities can be expressed through the layers’ gyrotropic characteristics. This approach is applied to calculate the specific rotation angle of plane of polarization of light propagating through a nonideal 1D-superlattice, which varies in composition as well as in layers’ width. We carry out numerical calculation of the frequency dispersion of optical activity of a non-ideal superlattice, which includes impurity layers with point defects.

基于分布式混合CSIT的MIMO X网络自由度分析

在M×N用户MIMO X网络中,发射端信道状态信息(CSIT)类型会影响系统总自由度(sum-Do F).为逼近系统总自由度外界,设计MIMO X网络对称天线配置下的多阶段分布式空时干扰对齐(DSTIA)方案;推导具有分布式特性的基于混合CSIT—过期(outdated)和当前(current)CSIT的预编码矩阵闭式解;分析CSI反馈时延、网络节点数和配置天线数对MIMO X网络总自由度的影响.理论和数值分析表明,在分布式混合CSIT条件下,DSTIA方案能充分消除用户间干扰,获得更高的自由度,缩小可达界与外界的差距,提高系统可达速率.

CSIT数据处理系统的分析与设计——以陕西省用户满意度调查为例

结合陕西省调查的实践,探讨了用户满意度测评数据处理系统的需求分析与设计。文章提出了确定综合满意度数值的赋权值序列方法,综合满意度的生成层次,数据处理的主要内容,数据的编码、录入、归并流程,以及数据库设计的E-R图表示和程序模块结构。文章最后就项目实施过程中的问题进行了总结。

基于延迟CSIT的非对称双向中继X信道传输方案

在快速衰落信道中,当发送端不具备即时的信道状态信息(CSIT)时,利用延迟信道状态信息能够提高系统的自由度。假设系统每个节点具有延迟CSIT,研究了非对称(即中继两侧用户数不相等)双向中继X信道的自由度。将传输过程分为MAC和BC两个阶段,提出了一种结合干扰对齐与物理层网络编码的多级传输方案,利用延迟CSIT在多个时隙解码期望消息。实验结果表明,本方案可以实现比Vaze提出的上界高21.8%的复用增益,同时,相对于TDMA方案提升了166.7%。分析结果表明,相对于TDMA方案和Vaze界,该方案能够实现一定程度的自由度增益。

Optimization of resource allocation in FDD massive MIMO systems

The performance of massive MIMO systems relies heavily on the availability of Channel State Information at the Transmitter(CSIT).A large amount of work has been devoted to reducing the CSIT acquisition overhead at the pilot training and/or CsI feedback stage.In fact,the downlink communication generally includes three stages,i.e.,pilot training,CsI feedback,and data transmission.These three stages are mutually related and jointly determine the overall system performance.Unfortunately,there exist few studies on the reduction of csIT acquisition overhead from the global point of view.In this paper,we integrate the Minimum Mean Square Error(MMSE)channel estimation,Random Vector Quantization(RVQ)based limited feedback and Maximal Ratio Combining(MRC)precoding into a unified framework for investigating the resource allocation problem.In particular,we first approximate the covariance matrix of the quantization error with a simple expression and derive an analytical expression of the received Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)based on the deterministic equivalence theory.Then the three performance metrics(the spectral efficiency,energy efficiency,and total energy consumption)oriented problems are formulated analytically.With practical system requirements,these three metrics can be collaboratively optimized.Finally,we propose an optimization solver to derive the optimal partition of channel coherence time.Experiment results verify the benefits of the proposed resource allocation schemes under three different scenarios and illustrate the tradeoff of resource allocation between three stages.

Assessing the energy release characteristics during the middle detonation reaction stage of aluminized explosives

Afterburning behind the detonation front of an aluminized explosive releases energy on the millisecond timescale,which prolong the release of detonation energy and the energy release at different stages also shows significant differences.However,at present,there are few effective methods for evaluating the energy release characteristics of the middle reaction stage of such explosives,which can have a duration of tens to hundreds of microseconds.The present work demonstrates an approach to assessing the midstage of an aluminized explosive detonation based on a water push test employing a high degree of confinement.In this method,the explosive is contained in a steel cylinder having one end closed that is installed at the bottom of a transparent water tank.Upon detonation,the gaseous products expand in one direction while forcing water ahead of them.The resulting underwater shock wave and the interface between the gas phase products and the water are tracked using an ultra-high-speed framing and streak camera.The shock wave velocity in water and the expansion work performed by the gaseous detonation products were calculated to assess the energy release characteristics of aluminized explosives such as CL-20 and RDX in the middle stage of the detonation reaction.During the middle stage of the detonation process of these aluminized explosives,the aluminum reaction reduced the attenuation of shock waves and increased the work performed by gas phase products.A higher aluminum content increased the energy output while the presence of oxidants slowed the energy release rate.This work demonstrates an effective means of evaluating the performance of aluminized explosives.

应用CSIT提高电信服务质量

目前,用户满意度指数测评(CSIT)已成为世界各国政府对电信服务质量进行监督的通用方式,以此衡量用户对电信服务质量的综合评价,进而监管和督促电信企业提高服务质量。许多电信企业也采取这种方式来衡量本企业的整体服务水平和服务质量。下面通过CSIT这种国际通用的检测与监控方式,对我国目前电信运营服务质量的衡量进行分析与探讨。

非理想CSIT下超密集分布式天线网络的高能效协同波束成形

针对超密集分布式天线网络(md-DAN)的下行场景,基于以用户为中心的虚拟小区模式,在非理想的发端信道状态信息(CSIT)条件下对系统的高能效协同波束成形问题进行研究。提出一种采用连续Taylor展开和Dinkelbach方法的迭代解决问题方案。仿真表明,该方案在不同网络部署密集程度下均可明显提高md-DAN系统能效。

CSIT对无线MIMO网络自由度的影响

信道状态信息的存在可以使通信系统对信道获得自适应性,在多输入多输出系统中为高可靠性高速率的通信提供了保障。在接收端获得CSI通常是现实可行的,而发射端CSI的获得则需满足一定条件。容量是衡量信道传输能力的重要指标,而自由度是表征容量线性增长能力的主要因子。因此CSIT的存在或是缺失会对MIMO网络的容量及自由度产生一定的影响,为此研究了CSIT对MIMO网络自由度的影响,主要包括广播信道、干扰信道以及X信道,将有/无CSIT情况下获得的Do F及其区域进行分情况比较,分析得出大部分情况下CSIT的存在能够增加网络的Do F,有CSIT时MIMO XC的自由度区域以及多网络并存时的Do F及其区域有待进一步研究。

Fairness-Oriented Hybrid Precoding for Massive MIMO Maritime Downlink Systems with Large-Scale CSIT

Different from conventional cellular networks, a maritime communication base station(BS) has to cover a much wider area due to the limitation of available BS sites. Accordingly the performance of users far away from the BS is poor in general. This renders the fairness among users a challenging issue for maritime communications. In this paper, we consider a practical massive MIMO maritime BS with hybrid digital and analog precoding. Only the large-scale channel state information at the transmitter(CSIT) is considered so as to reduce the implementation complexity and overhead of the system. On this basis, we address the problem of fairness-oriented precoding design. A max-min optimization problem is formulated and solved in an iterative way. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme performs much better than conventional hybrid precoding algorithms in terms of minimum achievable rate of all the users, for the typical three-ray maritime channel model.

低品质煤炭堆积状态下自燃特性研究

为研究低品质煤炭在堆积状态下的自然发火特性,根据煤样自热过程中能量的转化和积聚条件,基于Frank-Kamenetskii理论,采用差热分析仪(DTA)和恒温加热系统,试验测试煤样临界自燃着火点温度(CSIT)。通过分析环境设定因素及验证关联试验,可将煤样升温过程划分为4个不同变化阶段。在试验条件下煤堆体积主要影响其CSIT;煤样水分是导致升温曲线平缓或下降的主要原因,且体积越大影响越明显。结果表明,通过实验室小体积类比试验分析推导堆积体积与CSIT关系式是准确可行的;用小体积试验可有效预测大体积煤炭自燃着火点温度范围。