Role of Immune Cells and Non-immune Cells with Immune Functions in the Pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS

This review outlines the effects of different types of cells with immune function on acute lung injury(ALI)inflammation and the regulation of inflammatory responses between these cells via cell-cell interactions.It is expected to provide some possible strategies for the research and treatment of ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).

Decellularized extracellular matrix biomaterials for regenerative therapies:Advances,challenges and clinical prospects

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have shown potential in the repair and regeneration of tissues and organs via the use of engineered biomaterials and scaffolds.However,current constructs face limitations in replicating the intricate native microenvironment and achieving optimal regenerative capacity and functional recovery.To address these challenges,the utilization of decellularized tissues and cell-derived extracellular matrix(ECM)has emerged as a promising approach.These biocompatible and bioactive biomaterials can be engineered into porous scaffolds and grafts that mimic the structural and compositional aspects of the native tissue or organ microenvironment,both in vitro and in vivo.Bioactive dECM materials provide a unique tissue-specific microenvironment that can regulate and guide cellular processes,thereby enhancing regenerative therapies.In this review,we explore the emerging frontiers of decellularized tissue-derived and cell-derived biomaterials and bio-inks in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.We discuss the need for further improvements in decellularization methods and techniques to retain structural,biological,and physicochemical characteristics of the dECM products in a way to mimic native tissues and organs.This article underscores the potential of dECM biomaterials to stimulate in situ tissue repair through chemotactic effects for the development of growth factor and cell-free tissue engineering strategies.The article also identifies the challenges and opportunities in developing sterilization and preservation methods applicable for decellularized biomaterials and grafts and their translation into clinical products.

13-Valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines vaccination innovative strategy in Weifang City,China:a case study

The World Health Organization(WHO)prioritizes pneumococcal disease as a vaccine-preventable disease and recommends the inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines(PCV)in national immunization programs worldwide.However,PCV is not included in the National Immunization Program in China and has low vaccination coverage due to its high cost.To address this,Weifang City implemented an innovative strategy for a 13-valent PCV(PCV13)on June 1,2021.This strategy aimed to provide one dose of PCV13 free of charge for children aged 6 months to 2 years in registered households and to adopt a commercial insurance model with one dose of PCV13 free of charge in 2023 for children over 2 years old.The Health Commission of Weifang and other departments conducted a comprehensive investigation and considered various factors,such as vaccine efectiveness,safety,accessibility,vaccine price,and immunization schedules,for eligible children(under 5 years old).Stakeholder opinions were also solicited before implementing the policy.The Commission negotiated with various vaccine manufacturers to maximize its negotiating power and reduce vaccine prices.The implementation plan was introduced under the Healthy Weifang Strategy.Following the implementation of this strategy,the full course of vaccination coverage increased signifcantly from 0.67 to 6.59%.However,vaccination coverage is still lower than that in developed countries.Weifang’s PCV13 vaccination innovative strategy is the frst of its kind in Chinese mainland and is an active pilot of non-immunization program vaccination strategies.To further promote PCV13 vaccination,Weifang City should continue to implement this strategy and explore appropriate fnancing channels.Regions with higher levels of economic development can innovate the implementation of vaccine programs,broaden fnancing channels,improve accessibility to vaccination services,and advocate for more localities to incorporate PCV13 into locally expanded immunization programs or people-benefting projects.A monitoring and evaluation system should also be established to evaluate implementation efects.