Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) in the Pregnant Patient: A Case Series

Rationale: Acute respiratory failure is an uncommon complication of pregnancy. However, it is the most frequent organ dysfunction associated with obstetric admissions to an intensive care unit. The obstetric population is a different group due to its physiology and the presence of the fetus that lacks evidence in the literature within the subject of ventilatory support. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is often avoided due to the lack of knowledge on the safety and efficacy of this modality. Currently, there are no guidelines for the management of respiratory failure in pregnancy. Objectives: To provide evidence in support of the use of NIPPV as a safe and reasonable modality for pregnant patients with respiratory failure. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 29 pregnant patients of the Obstetric Critical Care Unit of a tertiary hospital in Panamá City who received NIPPV from 2013 to 2015. Failure to response was defined as the lack of increase in the paO2/FiO2 ratio or clinical deterioration 6 hours after initiating NIPPV. Demographics, indication for NIPPV, duration of treatment, as well as maternal and fetal outcomes were collected. Measurements and Main Results: Mean age was 28.4 ± 6 years, mean body mass index 27.4 ± 3.3, and mean gestational age at admission was 305/7 ± 5 weeks. Twenty-four patients (82.8%) met the criteria for acute lung injury (ALI) and an additional two (6.9%) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The mean duration of ventilation was 50.6 ± 17.27 hours. Statistically significant differences were noted between the paO2/FiO2 ratios in failure and successful patients within 2 hours of NIPPV therapy (P = 0.007) and paO2/FiO2 ratio within 6 hours of NIPPV therapy (P = 0.03). Success was defined when the patient was administered NIPPV, resulting in an improvement (increase in pa/FiO2 ratio) of her ventilatory parameters. Three patients (10.3%) failed to respond to NIPPV and needed to be converted to invasive mechanical ventilation. Patients who required intubation had a longer duration of ICU stay (P = 0.006) and overall hospital stay (P = 0.03). None of patients presented aspiration during NIPPV therapy. Conclusion: The current series is the largest report of pregnant patients requiring ventilatory support who received NIPPV as first line of therapy. This report shows the usefulness of this ventilation modality, avoiding intubation with its risks, of a significant number of patients, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Effect of lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation on the blood gas results and systemic state of patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia

Objective: To discuss the effect of lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation on the blood gas results and systemic state of patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia. Methods: A total of 68 patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia who were treated in the hospital between November 2015 and April 2017 were collected, retrospectively analyzed and then divided into the group A (n=35) who received noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and the group B (n=33) who received lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. The differences in arterial blood gas and serum index levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in arterial blood gas index levels as well as serum contents of inflammatory mediators, stress hormones and myocardial enzyme spectrum indexes between the two groups. After treatment, arterial blood gas indexes PH and PaO2 levels of group B were higher than those of group A;serum inflammatory mediators HMGB1, PCT and hs-CRP contents were lower than those of group A;serum stress hormones Cor, AngⅠ and AngⅡcontents were lower than those of group A;serum myocardial enzyme spectrum indexesα-HBDH and cTn-Ⅰ contents were lower than those of group A. Conclusion: Lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation can effectively optimize the arterial blood gas levels, reduce systemic inflammatory stress state and protect the myocardial function of patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia.

The Value of Positive Pressure Ventilations for Clients in Acute Respiratory Distress as a Result of Cardiac and Pulmonary Issues

Objective: Research was conducted to examine benefits to using non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) early in the treatment of respiratory distress caused by pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Limitations to successful NIV and CPAP therapy were evaluated to determine how prolonged initiation of treatment may lead to hypoxemia (decreased oxygen in the blood) and hypercapnia (increased carbon dioxide in the blood) resulting in poor outcomes. Method: Reviews of literature from nursing and allied health data bases (CINAHL and ProQuest) with terms pulmonary edema, positive pressure device and non-invasive ventilation from 2010 to 2014 were used. Studies were conducted in the hospital and prehospital settings. Results: The literature search located 7 articles from CINAHL and 25 articles from ProQuest. A total of 6 of these articles were analyzed. Additional sources of data were obtained from Ignatavicius and Workman (2013) Medical-Surgical Nursing Patient-Centered Collaborative Care 7th edition and American Journal of Nursing (02/2013) Volume 113: 2. Conclusion: All of the articles concluded that early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure ventilations in the short-term was beneficial;however, late initiation of therapy required additional interventions. The studies indicated that early use of positive airway pressure in acute respiratory distress improved breath rate, heart rate and blood pressure. The use of positive airway pressure for respiratory distress may decrease the need for endotracheal intubation.

Long-term non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease： a meta-analysis

Background The evidence for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation （NIPPV） used in patients with severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is insufficient. The aim of the meta-analysis was to assess the treatment effects of long-term NIPPV on gas change, lung function, health-related quality of life （HRQL）, survival and mortality in severe stable COPD patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and crossover studies comparing the treatment effects of NIPPV with conventional therapy were identified from electronic databases and reference lists from January 1995 to August 2010. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality. Data were combined using Review Manager 5.0. Both pooled effects and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Five RCTs and one randomized crossover study with a total of 383 severe stable COPD patients were included NIPPV improved gas change significantly when using a higher inspiratory positive airway pressures. The weighted mean difference （WMD） for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery （PaCO2） was -3.52 （-5.26, -1.77） mmHg and for the partial pressure of oxygen in artery （PaO2） 2.84 （0.23, 5.44） mmHg. There were significant improvements in dyspnea and sleep quality, but gained no benefits on lung function. The standardized mean difference （SMD） for the forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1） was 0.00 （0.29, 0.29）. And the benefits for exercise tolerance, mood, survival and mortality remained unclear. Conclusions Patients with severe stable COPD can gain some substantial treatment benefits when using NIPPV, especially improvements in gas change, dyspnea and sleep quality. Studies of high methodological quality with large population, especially those based on a higher inspiratory positive airway pressures are required to provide more evidences.

HFNC与NIPPV对AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效观察

目的探讨经鼻高流量氧疗(high-flow nasal cannula,HFNC)与无创正压通气(non-invasive positive pressure ventilation,NIPPV)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法选取2021年1月至2023年1月福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院重症医学科AECOPD患者146例,根据治疗方法不同分为NIPPV组(n=47)、HFNC组(n=49)和常规治疗组(n=50)。NIPPV组采用NIPPV治疗,HFNC组采用HFNC治疗,常规治疗组采用常规氧疗和抗感染治疗。比较3组循环指标、血气指标、呼吸支持时间、气道护理次数及舒适(general comfort questionnaire,GCQ)评分。结果146例患者中男76例、女70例,年龄56~77岁,平均(66.2±5.3)岁。与治疗前相比,治疗2 h和治疗24 h时,3组呼吸频率(respiratory rate,RR)和HR较低;治疗6 h和治疗24 h时,HFNC组RR、HR均低于NIPPV组和常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗7 d后3组PaO_(2)均升高、PaCO_(2)均降低;治疗7 d后,与NIPPV组和常规组相比,HFNC组PaO_(2)较高、PaCO_(2)较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组呼吸支持时间和气道护理次数的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中NIPPV组呼吸支持时间较短,HFNC组气道护理次数较少。结论HFNC可以改善AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼衰患者的部分循环指标和血气指标,患者舒适度更好,但呼吸支持时间较长。

NIPPV在重症肺炎集束化治疗中的应用

目的分析无创正压通气(NIPPV)在重症肺炎集束化治疗策略中的应用价值。方法对我院29例重症肺炎患者在集束化治疗策略中早期采用双水平气道正压通气治疗,比较治疗前后患者的临床表现,血气指标等变化。结果采用NIPPV治疗的重症肺炎患者临床症状、血气指标明显改善,同治疗前相比有显著差异(P<0.05);死亡率明显降低。结论在重症肺炎集束化治疗策略中早期应用NIPPV治疗,可阻止病情进一步发展,减少有创机械通气的应用,改善预后。

NIPPV联合FB检查治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者疗效观察

目的观察无创正压通气(NIPPV)联合纤维支气管镜(FB)检查治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者(AECOPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的效果。方法以2014年3月至2015年3月在我院治疗的80例AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者为观察对象。根据随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各40例。对照组给予NIPPV治疗,观察组在NIPPV治疗1 h后给予床旁FB检查及灌洗治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果、治疗前后的血气指标、肺功能的变化,以及治疗前后APACHEⅡ和意识得分的差异。结果观察组患者的治疗总有效率为95.0%(38/40),明显高于对照组的77.5%(31/40),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗前的肺功能和血气指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,两组患者的FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、Pa O2和p H均较治疗前升高,Pa CO2均较治疗前降低,且观察组降低更明显,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前两组患者的APACHEⅡ和意识评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,两组患者的上述指标均降低,且观察组降低更明显,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者腹胀、面部受压、口干、头晕和腹痛的发生率为52.5%(21/40),对照组为47.5%(19/40),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 NIPPV联合FB检查治疗对AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭有较好的治疗效果,且不会增加相关并发症的发生。

Need for oxygen therapy and ventilatory support in premature infants in a hospital in Southern Brazil

BACKGROUND Prematurity in newborns is a condition that is associated with worse hospital outcomes when compared to birth to term.A preterm infant(PI)is classified when gestational age(GA)<37 wk.AIM To analyze prognostic indicators related to the use of oxygen therapy,noninvasive ventilation(continuous positive airway pressure)and mechanical ventilation(MV)in PI.METHODS This is a retrospective cohort.The sample was composed of PIs from a private hospital in southern Brazil.We included neonates with GA<37 wk of gestation in the period of January 1,2018 to December 31,2018.For data collection,electronic records were used in the Tasy Philips^(TM)system,identifying the variables:maternal age,type of birth,prenatal information,GA,Apgar score,birth weight,neonatal morbidities,vital signs in the 1st hour at birth,need for oxygen therapy,continuous positive airway pressure and MV,hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit,length of stay and discharge or death.RESULTS In total,90 PI records were analyzed.The median(p25-p75)of GA was 34.0(31.9-35.4)wk,and there were 45(50%)males.The most common morbidity among PIs was the acute respiratory discomfort syndrome,requiring hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit in 76(84.4%)cases.The utilization rate of oxygen therapy,continuous positive airway pressure and MV was 12(13.3%),37(41.1%)and 13(14.4%),respectively.The median(p25-p75)length of stay was 12.0(5.0-22.2)d,with 10(11.1%)deaths.A statistical association was observed with the use of MV and GA<28 wk,lower maternal age,low birth weight,Apgar<8 and neonatal deaths.CONCLUSION The identification of factors related to the need for MV in prematurity may help in the indication of a qualified team and technologies to promptly meet the unforeseen events that may occur after birth.

乌司他丁联合NIPPV治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效及安全性

目的研究乌司他丁联合无创正压机械通气(NIPPV)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的疗效及安全性。方法选择2019年2月至2020年2月榆林市星元医院收治的122例AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法将患者分为研究组和对照组各61例。对照组患者给予NIPPV治疗,研究组患者给予乌司他丁联合NIPPV治疗,均连续治疗一周。比较两组患者治疗后的效果、治疗前后动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、血氧分压(PaO_(2))、pH值,一秒用力呼气容积(FEV)、用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒率(FEV/FVC)水平和丙二醛(MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,以及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,研究组患者的总有效率为95.08%,明显高于对照组的80.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组患者的PaO_(2)、p H值分别为(10.82±1.12)mmHg、7.39±0.08,明显高于对照组的(9.23±1.06)mm Hg、7.32±0.06,PaCO_(2)水平为(6.20±0.31)mmHg,明显低于对照组的(7.01±0.32)mmHg,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组患者的FEV、FVC、FEV/FVC水平分别为(2.15±0.36)L、(3.79±0.38)L、(55.90±9.47)%,明显高于对照组的(1.46±0.31)L、(3.01±0.32)L、(47.82±8.19)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组患者的MDA水平为(5.21±1.35)μmol/L,明显低于对照组的(7.30±1.76)μmol/L,SOD、GSH-Px水平分别为(102.01±15.79)U/mL、(180.01±17.32)U/L,明显高于对照组的(91.75±12.58)U/mL、(151.86±15.61)U/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论乌司他丁联合NIPPV可有效改善AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的动脉血气指标及肺功能,有效清除氧自由基,临床应用效果显著且安全性较高。

猪肺磷脂注射液联合无创正压通气对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的效果

目的探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合无创正压通气(non-invasive positive pressure ventilation,NIPPV)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)的效果。方法将新生儿科收治的80例NRDS患儿用随机数字表法分为联合组和对照组,每组40例。对照组予以NIPPV和常规方案治疗,联合组在对照组治疗的基础上予以猪肺磷脂注射液治疗。比较2组患儿治疗后的临床疗效、治疗情况、并发症发生率及治疗前后氧合指数。结果联合组的总有效率(92.50%)显著高于对照组(70.00%),P<0.05;联合组的撤机时间、氧疗时间和住院总时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05);联合组的动脉血氧分压(partial pressure of blood oxygen,PaO_(2))/吸入氧浓度(fraction of inspired oxygen,FiO_(2))值、氧合指数(oxygenation index,OI)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);呼吸指数(respiratory index,RI)、不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论猪肺磷脂注射液联合NIPPV治疗NRDS的疗效显著,可有效改善患儿的氧合功能,降低并发症的发生率,安全性高。

护士无创正压通气临床能力OSCE评价指标体系的构建

目的:构建科学、规范、可行的护士无创正压通气临床能力客观结构化临床考试(OSCE)评价指标体系。方法:在文献分析的基础上,通过课题组专家讨论,初步编制护士无创正压通气临床能力OSCE评价指标体系框架,采用德尔菲法进行专家函询,对函询结果进行统计学分析,最终确立OSCE评价指标体系。结果:构建的护士无创正压通气临床能力OSCE评价指标体系包括一级指标5项(通气前评估、实施通气中、通气中安全、撤离呼吸机、呼吸机消毒)、二级指标21项、三级指标77项,函询专家的积极程度、权威程度及意见的协调程度均较高。结论:构建的护士无创正压通气临床能力OSCE评价指标体系可为护士无创正压通气临床实践能力考评提供客观、可操作、可量化的考评标准。

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗、无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者疗效研究

目的经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)、无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者疗效研究。方法选取本院实施治疗的AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者120例为研究对象,按照随机数字法分成HFNC组和NIPPV组,HFNC组和NIPPV组分别在常规护理(如抗感染、抗炎症、扩张支气管等)的基础上实施HFNC、NIPPV,两组患者分别实施治疗后,综合对比两组患者临床及实验室指标、临床有效率以及不良事件发生率。结果(1)HFNC组患者在心率、呼吸频率、氧合指数、二氧化碳分压等方面临床及实验室指标数据均优于NIPPV组的实验数据(P<0.05);(2)HFNC组的有效率显高于NIPPV组(P<0.05);(3)HFNC组的不良事件发生率明显低于NIPPV组,两组数据之间存在显著性差异,结果具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与NIPPV相比,HFNC治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者具有更好的临床效果,值得临床推广。

无创正压通气治疗SARS的临床观察

目的 :观察无创正压通气 (NIPPV)在严重急性呼吸道综合征 (SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome,SARS ,即非典型肺炎 )治疗中的应用及其作用。方法 :回顾性地分析 2 0 0 3年 4月 8日至 5月 14日期间我院收治的SARS患者使用NIPPV治疗的情况 ,包括适应证、参数调节、疗效和副作用观察 ,以及进行NIPPV治疗期间医务人员的感染率。结果 :从 2 0 0 3年 4月 8日到 2 0 0 3年 5月 14日期间收治的SARS患者中的 10 5例进行分析 ,使用NIPPV者共 2 4例 ,死亡 5例。使用NIPPV最常见的副作用为皮下气肿 ,共出现 4例 ,发生率为 16 .7%。治疗过程中无 1例医务人员发生感染。结论 :NIPPV是治疗重症SARS安全而有效的方法 ,合理的使用NIPPV可以减少有创通气的使用率 。

术前无创正压通气治疗对脊柱侧凸患者围手术期肺功能的影响

目的:研究术前使用呼吸机无创正压通气治疗对脊柱侧凸患者围手术期肺功能的影响。方法:将40例Cobb角≥60°、肺功能存在中度以上限制性通气功能障碍、行脊柱侧凸矫形术的脊柱侧凸患者,随机分成A组和B组,每组20例。A组在术前采用BiPAP呼吸机,经用面罩无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗1个月;B组常规术前准备。观察A组患者治疗前后肺功能的改善及两组患者围手术期肺功能的差异。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、身高、体重、Cobb角度、手术时间、手术径路、融合椎体数等基本情况比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);A组患者经NIPPV治疗后肺活量(VC)、肺活量占预计值的百分比(VC%)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒最大呼气量(FEV1.0)、最大通气量(MVV)和最大通气量占预计值的百分比(MVV%)较治疗前明显改善(P<0.01);两组患者术中氧合指数、术后拔管时间、拔管后15min动脉血气PO2、PCO2比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:术前无创正压通气治疗可改善脊柱侧凸患者围手术期的肺功能,可缩短手术后气管插管的拔管时间,改善术后通气功能,有助于脊柱侧凸患者手术后早期恢复。

纳洛酮+醒脑静联合无创机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺性脑病

目的探讨纳洛酮+醒脑静联合无创机械通气(NIPPV)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并肺性脑病的疗效。方法将COPD合并肺性脑病的患者30例分为治疗组和对照组,两组患者均接受吸氧、无创机械通气、抗感染、解痉、平喘、止咳、化痰、纠正酸碱平衡、营养支持疗法,治疗组在此基础上,加用0.9%氯化钠溶液100mL+醒脑静20mL静脉滴注,2次/d;0.9%氯化钠溶液100mL+纳洛酮2mg静脉滴注,2次/d。平均疗程为(11.7±7.43)d。评估其疗效,并观察不良反应发生情况。结果治疗组PaCO2、PaO2明显改善(P<0.05),气管插管率、住院时间较对照组均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论纳洛酮+醒脑静联合无创机械通气可改善COPD合并肺性脑病患者的PaCO2、PaO2,明显缩短患者住院时间(P<0.05),降低气管插管率及病死率(P>0.05)。

老年呼吸衰竭患者无创通气首次应用失败原因分析

目的探讨多种因素对老年呼吸衰竭患者首次应用无创正压机械通气(NIPPV)的影响。方法对62例老年呼吸衰竭NIPPV首次应用失败的病例进行分析。结果 50例(81%)应用后效果不佳或病情恶化,其中32例(52%)改用气管插管行有创通气。12例(19%)因恐惧或不能耐受而放弃NIPPV。结论 NIPPV首次应用失败的原因主要是对应用指征的把握不准确,患者病情过重或干预时机过晚;其次是面罩选择不合适以及医护人员与患者及家属缺乏有效的沟通。

无创正压通气治疗COPD疾病伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭疗效观察

目的观察无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法COPD急性加重并发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的患者128例分为两组,常规治疗组64例,给予用鼻导管持续低流量吸氧、药物等常规治疗,NIPPV组64例,给予常规治疗的同时加用NIPPV治疗。监测两组治疗前后血气参数和呼吸频率变化。结果NIPPV组治疗后4h,PaO2即有显著上升(与治疗前比较P<0.05)。治疗后24h,pH值上升、PaCO2下降,与治疗前比较均有显著差异(P<0.05)。而常规治疗组治疗前后均无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗组PaCO2和呼吸频率显著降低。结论NIPPV呼吸机治疗COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭疗效显著。

布地奈德福莫特罗、噻托溴铵、家庭无创正压通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者影响的研究

目的比较布地奈德福莫特罗、噻托溴铵以及布地奈德福莫特罗联合家庭无创正压通气对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的影响。方法选取2015年1月至2017年1月我院收治的42例气流受限程度为中度及以上的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,经治疗进入疾病稳定期后将患者按照数字分配原则随机分为A、B、C组,各14例。A组给予布地奈德福莫特罗干粉(每日2次,每次320/9微克)联合噻托溴铵粉(每日1次,每次18微克)吸入治疗,B组给予噻托溴铵粉吸入治疗(每日1次,每次18微克),C组在A组的基础上联合家庭无创正压通气治疗。随访1年,比较上述3组患者慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)呼吸问卷评分、血气分析指标、慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重并住院治疗次数、住院时间、随访期间住院治疗费用、死亡率。结果治疗前3组患者CAT评分、PO_2、PCO_2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗1年后3组患者CAT评分、PO_2、PCO_2均较治疗前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组CAT评分、PO_2、PCO_2、疾病急性加重并住院治疗次数、住院时间、随访期间住院治疗费用较其余两组改善明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组与B组组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访期间A、B、C组各死亡1例,3组患者死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论长效支气管舒张药物配合正规吸入技术可有效改善患者症状及血气指标,家庭无创正压通气可进一步降低疾病急性加重并住院治疗次数以及住院花费,提高患者生活质量,降低医疗成本。

非侵入性呼吸支持治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征临床观察

目的观察非侵入性呼吸支持对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效。方法将胎龄≤35周,且符合新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)诊断标准的82例早产儿作为观察对象。尽早给予NCPAP支持,若失败则改用NIPPV支持,必要时使用PS或机械通气。结果 82例观察对象全部使用了NCPAP,其中19例因效果不明显改用了NIPPV,66例使用了PS;72 h内无一例使用有创机械通气,但有4例患儿后期因合并院内感染或BPD使用了气管插管机械通气;82例中1例因先天性肠闭锁于生后第二天转外科手术治疗,1例因经济原因于第2天签字出院,其余80例均痊愈出院。结论无创呼吸支持用于治疗早产儿NRDS疗效肯定,部分患儿如果尽早使用NCPAP或NIPPV,可以不使用PS。因无创呼吸支持经济便捷,值得临床推广应用。

无创正压通气对急性肺损伤早期气体交换和呼吸应答的影响

目的探讨无创正压通气对急性肺损伤(ALI)早期气体交换和呼吸应答的影响。方法 40例早期ALI患者,分为无创正压通气组(NIPPV)和控制性高浓度氧疗组。在入选时和入选后2、12、24、48、72h连续记录并计算气体交换和呼吸应答的各项生理参数。结果 NIPPV组与氧疗组比较,氧合指数(OI)明显升高(P<0.05～0.001),呼吸频率(RR)和浅快呼吸指数(f/VT)明显降低(P<0.05～0.001),分钟通气量(VE)显著降低(P<0.05),平均吸气流速(VT/Ti)和气道阻力(Raw)显著降低(P<0.05～0.001),生理死腔与潮气量之比(VD/VT)显著降低(P<0.01～0.001)。两组间潮气量(VT)、吸气时间占呼吸周期比值(Ti/Ttot)、动态顺应性(Cdyn)无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 ALI早期应用NIPPV可显著改善ALI患者气体交换和呼吸应答方式,纠正低氧血症,缓解呼吸窘迫,降低了患者的通气需求和中枢驱动。