Because powders are mostly non-isometric during the sintering process, copper powders were chosen to study the effects of four material transport mechanisms, including surface diffusion, grain-boundary diffusion, volu...Because powders are mostly non-isometric during the sintering process, copper powders were chosen to study the effects of four material transport mechanisms, including surface diffusion, grain-boundary diffusion, volume diffusion, and multi-couplings. These material transport mechanisms were studied with respect to sintering neck growth of a non-isometric biosphere during initial sintering. The evolution of the neck growth in the four transport mechanisms was simulated by Visual C++ as well based on the model of different particles. The results show that the increase of the sintering temperature, both the grain-boundary diffusion and volume diffusion play primary roles in neck growth, while surface diffusion gradually becomes the secondary mechanism. Both the sintered neck and the shrinkage of the two centers increase with increasing temperature by means of the coupling diffusion mechanism. The radius of the sintering neck decreased, and the shrinkage rate of the two centers increased with an increase of the diameter ratio of the two spheres.展开更多
To alleviate the performance deterioration caused by dynamic stall of a wind turbine airfoil,the flow control by a microsecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(MP-DBD) actuator on the dynamic stall of a periodicall...To alleviate the performance deterioration caused by dynamic stall of a wind turbine airfoil,the flow control by a microsecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(MP-DBD) actuator on the dynamic stall of a periodically pitching NACA0012 airfoil was investigated experimentally.Unsteady pressure measurements with high temporal accuracy were employed in this study,and the unsteady characteristics of the boundary layer were investigated by wavelet packet analysis and the moving root mean square method based on the acquired pressure.The experimental Mach number was 0.2,and the chord-based Reynolds number was 870 000.The dimensionless actuation frequencies F+ were chosen to be 0.5,1,2,and 3,respectively.For the light dynamic regime,the MP-DBD plasma actuator plays the role of suppressing flow separation from the trial edge and accelerating the flow reattachment due to the high-momentum freestream flow being entrained into the boundary layer.Meanwhile,actuation effects were promoted with the increasing dimensionless actuation frequency F+.The control effects of the deep dynamic stall were to delay the onset and reduce the strength of the dynamic stall vortex due to the accumulating vorticity near the leading edge being removed by the induced coherent vortex structures.The laminar fluctuation and Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H) instabilities of transition and relaminarization were also mitigated by the MP-DBD actuation,and the alleviated K-H rolls led to the delay of the transition onset and earlier laminar reattachment,which improved the hysteresis effect of the dynamic stall.For the controlled cases of F+=2,and F+=3,the laminar fluctuation was replaced by relatively low frequency band disturbances corresponding to the harmonic responses of the MP-DBD actuation frequency.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50574075)New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-05-0873)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(SRFDP20060700011 and 04JC22)
文摘Because powders are mostly non-isometric during the sintering process, copper powders were chosen to study the effects of four material transport mechanisms, including surface diffusion, grain-boundary diffusion, volume diffusion, and multi-couplings. These material transport mechanisms were studied with respect to sintering neck growth of a non-isometric biosphere during initial sintering. The evolution of the neck growth in the four transport mechanisms was simulated by Visual C++ as well based on the model of different particles. The results show that the increase of the sintering temperature, both the grain-boundary diffusion and volume diffusion play primary roles in neck growth, while surface diffusion gradually becomes the secondary mechanism. Both the sintered neck and the shrinkage of the two centers increase with increasing temperature by means of the coupling diffusion mechanism. The radius of the sintering neck decreased, and the shrinkage rate of the two centers increased with an increase of the diameter ratio of the two spheres.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172299 and 1190021162)。
文摘To alleviate the performance deterioration caused by dynamic stall of a wind turbine airfoil,the flow control by a microsecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(MP-DBD) actuator on the dynamic stall of a periodically pitching NACA0012 airfoil was investigated experimentally.Unsteady pressure measurements with high temporal accuracy were employed in this study,and the unsteady characteristics of the boundary layer were investigated by wavelet packet analysis and the moving root mean square method based on the acquired pressure.The experimental Mach number was 0.2,and the chord-based Reynolds number was 870 000.The dimensionless actuation frequencies F+ were chosen to be 0.5,1,2,and 3,respectively.For the light dynamic regime,the MP-DBD plasma actuator plays the role of suppressing flow separation from the trial edge and accelerating the flow reattachment due to the high-momentum freestream flow being entrained into the boundary layer.Meanwhile,actuation effects were promoted with the increasing dimensionless actuation frequency F+.The control effects of the deep dynamic stall were to delay the onset and reduce the strength of the dynamic stall vortex due to the accumulating vorticity near the leading edge being removed by the induced coherent vortex structures.The laminar fluctuation and Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H) instabilities of transition and relaminarization were also mitigated by the MP-DBD actuation,and the alleviated K-H rolls led to the delay of the transition onset and earlier laminar reattachment,which improved the hysteresis effect of the dynamic stall.For the controlled cases of F+=2,and F+=3,the laminar fluctuation was replaced by relatively low frequency band disturbances corresponding to the harmonic responses of the MP-DBD actuation frequency.