Complete solutions for elastic fields induced by point load vector in functionally graded material model with transverse isotropy

The paper develops and examines the complete solutions for the elastic field induced by the point load vector in a general functionally graded material(FGM)model with transverse isotropy.The FGMs are approximated with n-layered materials.Each of the n-layered materials is homogeneous and transversely isotropic.The complete solutions of the displacement and stress fields are explicitly expressed in the forms of fifteen classical Hankel transform integrals with ten kernel functions.The ten kernel functions are explicitly expressed in the forms of backward transfer matrices and have clear mathematical properties.The singular terms of the complete solutions are analytically isolated and expressed in exact closed forms in terms of elementary harmonic functions.Numerical results show that the computation of the complete solutions can be achieved with high accuracy and efficiency.

Dynamic analysis of slab track on multi-layered transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to train loads

The dynamic responses of a slab track on transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to moving train loads are investigated by a semi-analytical approach. The track model is described as an upper Euler beam to simulate the rails and a lower Euler beam to model the slab. Rail pads between the rails and slab are represented by a continuous layer of springs and dashpots. A series of point loads are formulated to describe the moving train loads. The governing equations of track-ground systems are solved using the double Fourier transform, and the dynamic responses in the time domain are obtained by the inverse Fourier transform. The results show that a train load with high velocity will generate a larger response in transversely isotropic saturated soil than the lower velocity load, and special attention should be paid on the pore pressure in the vicinity of the ground surface. The anisotropic parameters of a surface soil layer will have greater influence on the displacement and excess pore water pressure than those of the subsoil layer. The traditional design method taking ground soil as homogeneous isotropic soil is unsafe for the case of RE 〈 1 and RG 〈 1, so a transversely isotropic foundation model is of great significance to the design for high train velocities.

Transverse Vibration and Stability Analysis of Circular Plate Subjected to Follower Force and Thermal Load

Transverse vibration and stability analysis of circular plate subjected to follower force and thermal load are analyzed.Based on the thin plate theory in involving the variable temperature,the differential equation of transverse vibration for the axisymmetric circular plate subjected to follower force and thermal load is established.Then,the differential equation of vibration and corresponding boundary conditions are discretized by the differential quadrature method.Meanwhile,the generalized eigenvalue under three different boundary conditions are calculated.In this case,the change curve of the first order dimensionless complex frequency of the circular plate subjected to the follower force in the different conditions with the variable temperature coefficient and temperature load is analyzed.The stability and corresponding critical loads of the circular plate subjected to follower force and thermal load with simply supported edge,clamped edge and free edge are discussed.The results provide theoretical basis for improving the dynamic stability of the circular plate.

THE 3-D STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR FOR A HALF PLANE CRACK IN A TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC SOLID DUE TO THE MOTION OF LOADS ON THE CRACK FACES

Three-dimensional analysis of a half plane crack in a transversely isotropic solid is performed. The crack is subjected to a pair of normal point loads moving in a direction perpendicular to the crack edge on its faces. Transform methods are used to reduce the boundary value problem to a single integral equation that can be solved by the Wiener-Hopf technique. The Cagniard-de Hoop method is employed to invert the transforms. An exact expression is derived for the mode I stress intensity factor as a function of time and position along the crack edge. Some features of the solution are discussed through numerical results.

Dynamic Response of Pultruded Glass-Graphite/Epoxy Hybrid Composites Subjected to Transverse High Strain-Rate Compression Loading

In a previous study, the energy absorption and dynamic response of different combinations of cylindrical fiber-reinforced pultruded hybrid composite samples made of unidirectional glass and graphite fiber/epoxy, were investigated under longitudinal compression loading. It was found that placing glass fibers in the inner core of composites resulted in a higher ultimate compressive strength and specific energy absorption. In this study, the dynamic responses of pultruded glass-graphite/epoxy hybrid specimens with rectangular cross-section subjected to transverse compression loading are reported. Crack initiation and propagation was monitored using a high-speed video camera, and the effects of hybridization were analyzed. It was found that the location of glass or graphite fibers inside the pultruded composites has no significant effect on the ultimate compressive strength under such transverse compression loading. The energy absorption in all the hybrid specimens was almost identical. Graphite/epoxy composite showed higher specific energy absorption due to its lower density, and glass/epoxy composite had the lowest specific energy absorption.

Effects of Microstructure on Quasi⁃Static Transverse Loading Behavior of 3D Circular Braided Composite Tubes

The effects of microstructure on quasi-static transverse loading behavior of 3D circular braided composite tubes were studied. Transverse loading tests were conducted. Transverse load-deflection curves were obtained to analyze the effects of braiding parameters including the braiding angle, the wall thickness, and the diameter on the transverse loading of 3D circular braided composite tubes. Breaking loads, moduli and strengths had also been used to describe the transverse loading behaviors. The failure morphologies were shown to reveal damage mechanisms. From the results, the increase in braiding angle, wall thickness and diameter increases the ability of anti-deformation and breaking load of braided tubes. The breaking load of specimen with a braiding angle of 45° is about 1.68 times that of specimen with a braiding angle of 15°. The breaking load of specimen with 4 layers of yarns is about 2.15 times that of specimen with 2 layers of yarns. The breaking load of the tube with a diameter of 25.5 mm is about 2.39 times that of the tube with a diameter of 20.5 mm.

Three-Dimensional Thermal-Stress Analysis of Semi-infinite Transversely Isotropic Composites

By making use of the direct integration method,an exact analysis of the general three-dimensional thermoelasticity problem is performed for the case of a transversely isotropic homogeneous half-space subject to local thermal and force loadings.The material plane of isotropy is assumed to be parallel to the limiting surface of the halfspace.By reducing the original thermoelasticity equations to the governing ones for individual stress-tensor components,the effect of material anisotropy in the stress field is analyzed with regard to the feasibility requirement,i.e.,the finiteness of the stress field at a distance from the disturbed area.As a result,the solution is constructed in the form of explicit analytical dependencies on the force and thermal loadings for various kinds of transversely isotropic materials and agrees with the basic principles of the continua mechanics.The solution can be efficiently used as a benchmark one for the direct computation of temperature and thermal stresses in transversely isotropic semi-infinite domains,as well as for the verification of solutions constructed by different means.

扣件系统横向刚度及抗倾翻试验研究:以WJ-8型扣件为例

为了对扣件系统横向刚度及抗倾翻性能进行研究,首先借鉴等间隔弹性点支承梁模型分析钢轨横向力学行为;然后,考虑钢轨自身截面特性,推导扣件系统横向刚度及抗倾翻系数计算公式;最后,设计并进行1组及3组WJ-8型扣件横向加载试验,验证分析及推导的合理性。试验结果表明:当钢轨整体扭转中心为轨底中心点时,钢轨自身扭转不可忽略,钢轨横向力及扭矩的传递过程都是非线性过程;1组及3组扣件试验得到的位移相对误差不超过6.8%,转角相对误差不超过9.5%;3组扣件试验允许加载范围更大,且更适用于非对称式扣件;WJ-8型扣件钢轨横移过程可按扣件横向反力的组成划分为钢轨滑移、线性变形和非线性变形3个阶段,钢轨倾翻过程可按钢轨轨底与轨下垫板接触形式划分为钢轨脱离和整体倾翻2个阶段。扣件横向刚度及抗倾翻系数可通过横向力-位移曲线、扭矩-转角曲线确定。

接缝和主梁损伤对装配式多主梁桥荷载横向分布规律的影响研究

为了验证不同损伤对装配式多主梁桥荷载横向分布规律的影响,并探讨基于横向分布规律的桥梁损伤识别方法,考虑接缝损伤程度、主梁局部损伤程度、损伤位置和损伤区域长度的影响,采用刚接板梁法对接缝和主梁损伤情况下装配式多主梁桥的荷载横向分布规律进行了研究。结果表明,接缝损伤后其两侧主梁的横向分布影响线与损伤前的影响线有交点;有损伤的主梁其影响线整体下降,且刚度剩余系数越小、损伤位置距跨中越近、损伤范围越大,下降程度越大;主梁与接缝损伤同时发生时,可通过与敏感梁单独损伤时的影响线进行对比来进行分析。根据损伤前后敏感主梁的横向分布影响线变化规律,可对桥梁的损伤类别进行识别,但无法识别具体损伤位置。

横向静载作用下轨道交通预应力混凝土U型梁裂缝开展研究

为探究轨道交通预应力混凝土U型梁结构在腹板横向受力情况下的裂缝开展状况,通过回顾总结其裂缝开展成因,并以实际工程中的某标准梁段为例,进行了横向静载破坏试验,分析了U型梁结构在横向受力下的应变、挠度变化规律以及裂缝发育和损伤状况。研究结果表明,在横向对称荷载作用下,随着加载级的增大,U型梁展现出良好的整体性能和横向抗裂性能;该梁的裂缝损伤首先出现在腹板和底板处,随后逐步扩展到底板与腹板的连接部位;在破坏加载级下,腹板与翼缘发生破坏性裂缝损伤和明显的外扩变形;在高于规范撞击力建议值2倍的横向静载作用范围内,试验梁能够保持弹性工作状态,验证了采用美国ACI规范中对于列车脱轨撞击力的建议值进行U型梁横向抗撞设计的合理性。该研究成果可为轨道交通预应力混凝土U型梁的力学性能研究和结构优化设计提供更多参考。

抗生素骨水泥增强胫骨横向骨搬运治疗感染创面的能力

背景:糖尿病足伴创面感染的患者群体庞大,目前尚无满意的治疗方案。目的:探讨改良胫骨横向骨搬运技术联合抗生素骨水泥治疗顽固性糖尿病足溃疡的临床疗效。方法:选择2020年1月至2023年1月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院和北京朝阳中西医结合急诊抢救医院收治的46例糖尿病足溃疡患者,男27例,女19例,平均年龄64.37岁,均接受改良胫骨横向骨搬运手术联合抗生素骨水泥治疗。记录胫骨横向骨搬运术前及术后3个月患者的踝肱指数、伤口/缺血/足部感染分级(WIFi分级)、目测类比评分与溃疡面积。结果与结论:①46例患者溃疡平均愈合时间为(58.07±24.82)d,46例患者胫骨横向骨搬运术后3个月的踝肱指数、目测类比评分、溃疡面积、WIFi分级均较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。随访期间,2例患者出现钉道感染,未出现溃疡或感染复发。②结果显示,改良胫骨横向骨搬运术联合抗生素骨水泥可有效缓解糖尿病足溃疡患者的疼痛、改善下肢血运、控制感染并促进溃疡的愈合。

多梁式波形钢腹板工字钢组合梁荷载横向分布系数研究

为探讨多梁式波形钢腹板工字钢组合梁横向分布系数计算方法,同时考虑波形钢腹板抗扭刚度、剪切变形及钢混滑移效应,对传统的偏心压力法、修正偏心压力法及刚接梁法进行修正,并结合有限元模型通过一座典型的4主梁波形钢腹板工字钢组合梁桥对比分析了上述方法的适用性,最后基于参数分析研究了横隔板数量及刚度对其横向荷载分布系数的影响。结果表明,考虑剪切变形及滑移效应的刚接梁法得到的荷载横向分布系数与有限元值符合最好;当桥梁宽跨比小于2时,宜采用刚接梁法计算各主梁荷载横向分布系数,当宽跨比大于2时,宜采用更为简洁的修正偏心压力法进行计算;横隔板的设置可改善各主梁荷载横向均匀分布,但跨间横隔板间距和刚度对其荷载横向分布系数影响较小,实桥设计时可仅在端部及跨中位置布置横隔板,横隔板刚度及其余部位横隔板数量可根据结构稳定性要求进行布置。

多级加筋面板受力行为分析及优化

采用三点弯曲实验和有限元仿真方法,对多级加筋面板的变形和破坏进行分析.引入正六边形和内凹六边形两种加筋模式,将具有不同横纵向加筋肋壁厚、圆弧倒角优化的直角边界及二级加筋结构的加筋面板作为研究对象,分析在给定加筋面板几何参数的情况下,横纵向加筋肋壁厚、圆弧倒角优化处理、二级加筋结构对加筋面板结构强度和力学行为的影响.研究表明,加筋面板结构强度随着横纵向加筋肋壁厚的增加而增加,纵向加筋肋壁厚对加筋面板结构影响较大;内凹六边形加筋模式较正六边形加筋模式的加筋面板承载力高;圆弧倒角优化后可以明显改善边角处的应力集中现象、提升加筋面板的结构强度;二级加筋面板的承载能力得到明显提升,且次级加筋层胞元为内凹六边形时提升效果最明显.

大跨度铁路桥梁整体变形波长特征分析

针对三座大跨度桥(A桥和C桥为悬索桥、B桥为斜拉桥)分别建立有限元模型,分析在温度、沉降、风、列车等作用下的桥面整体变形波长特征,并采用HHT(Hilbert‐Huang Transform)法、中点弦测法和曲率半径法定量分析桥面变形波长。结果表明:A桥在整体升降温作用下,产生的变形曲线为波长82~140 m、波幅不超过5.5 mm的曲线段;在静风荷载作用下,产生的变形曲线为波长97~140 m、波幅不超过5.4 mm的曲线段;桥塔沉降作用下A桥不产生显著变形曲线。上述三种荷载作用下B桥均不产生显著变形曲线。C桥在整体升降温作用下,产生的变形曲线为波长70~84 m、波幅不超过2.2 mm的曲线段;桥塔沉降和静风力作用下C桥均不产生显著变形曲线。列车全局荷载对三座桥的桥面变形产生影响,若关注幅值3 mm及以上的曲线段,A桥、B桥、C桥最短波长依次为66、93、53 m。就此三座桥梁而言,荷载引起的桥面垂向变形对行车性能影响的显著程度均依次为列车全局荷载、整体升温、桥塔沉降。

横向载荷与预紧力对螺栓断裂寿命的影响

螺栓连接依靠自身简单可靠的特点被广泛应用于各个行业,然而螺栓的疲劳断裂却是一个非常突出的问题.因此,为准确预测螺栓断裂失效寿命,进行了螺栓材料的疲劳裂纹扩展实验,求得了螺栓材料的断裂参数,从而建立了Paris裂纹扩展模型.然后运用有限元方法与疲劳裂纹扩展实验进行对标,并取得较好的效果,为螺栓断裂失效寿命的计算奠定了基础.最后,考虑到螺栓预紧力与横向载荷对螺栓断裂的影响,建立了带裂纹的螺栓有限元模型,并采用有限元方法进行螺栓失效寿命计算的定量分析.结果表明:横向载荷与螺栓预紧力对应力强度因子和螺栓使用寿命具有较大的影响.

飞机荷载桥梁装配式主梁横向新型连接方案及其静动力性能分析

针对既有装配式主梁铰缝连接强度弱、湿连接施工复杂等问题,充分考虑飞机荷载桥梁荷载集度大、空间受力显著等特点,提出一种剪力键和横向预应力筋混合连接的装配式主梁连接方案。该方案通过剪力键与键槽实现相邻主梁拼接,采用横向预应力筋为接缝界面提供压应力储备,具有结构整体性好、施工方便等优点。以某机场滑行道桥为对象,基于ABAQUS平台建立新型连接装配式主梁的非线性数值模型,开展静、动力学性能分析以验证方案的可靠性,揭示了剪力键位置、数量、高度及初始预应力对主梁力学行为和抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明:飞机静载作用下,该方案能够满足规范对于主梁挠度限值的要求且具有可观的安全储备。增设跨中剪力键及增加其数量可显著降低主梁跨中挠度和弯矩;相较于仅设置梁端剪力键,加设3道跨中剪力键可使静载下力学响应分别降低19.92%、23.35%,使地震下力学响应分别降低17.29%、40.12%。剪力键倾角和高度对主梁受力影响较小,增大横向预应力筋初始张拉力可有效提高主梁接缝界面的预压应力,静载、地震下的最大增幅分别为45.31%、46.51%。研究成果可为飞机荷载桥梁的主梁拼装提供重要的技术支撑,并可拓展应用于重载公路、铁路桥梁。

拧紧力矩配比对双螺母螺栓连接松动过程影响的实验与仿真

工程中双螺母防松是一种常见的螺栓连接防松形式,不同的拧紧力矩配比对其松动过程及防松效果产生的影响不同。通过横向振动试验对比了单、双螺母节点的耗能能力,通过实验对比不同拧紧力矩配比下双螺母螺栓预紧力的实验结果与理论结果,针对横向载荷作用下双螺母螺栓连接节点,建立了考虑螺纹的精细化有限元模型,得到不同拧紧力矩配比下连接节点的螺栓夹紧力变化、滞回曲线、刚度退化系数、耗能能力、螺纹接触状态以及螺栓塑性变形,多方面分析拧紧力矩配比对螺栓连接节点松动过程的影响,综合对比给出其影响规律,并给出最佳拧紧力矩配比,有助于优化双螺母螺栓的设计,提升双螺母螺栓的防松效果,为后续的研究与应用奠定基础。

移动荷载作用下层状横观各向同性饱和土中排桩的隔振效应

利用有限元-边界元耦合法评估了移动荷载下层状横观各向同性饱和土体中排桩的隔振效果。利用有限元法将排桩离散成单桩以及桩单元,基于Bernoulli-Euler梁理论得到桩的有限元矩阵方程;在桩-土边界,土体单元与桩单元进行了等节点离散,并以层状饱和地基的解析层元基本解作为核函数,利用边界积分法得到桩-土界面处地基的柔度矩阵;基于两阶段理论,将侧摩阻力响应与移动荷载直接引起的振动进行耦合,结合边界元法得到饱和地基的边界元方程;考虑Bernoulli-Euler梁和土体之间不发生相对滑移和脱开的位移协调条件,耦合有限元和边界元方程,得到排桩的动力响应方程;计算有无排桩隔振下某一观测点的位移,即可结合隔振理论分析排桩的隔振效率。在验证所提方法准确性的基础上,分析了桩长、桩身刚度、移动荷载速度以及横观各向同性参数对排桩隔振效应的影响。结果表明:最优桩长约等于2倍瑞利波长,超过该值隔振效果提高不大;桩与地基的刚度差越大,隔振效果越好;荷载速度超过剪切波速,桩基隔振表现反而更好。

Radially loading rotary extrusion for manufacturing large-size conical cylinders with inner transverse high ribs

The Large-size Conical Cylinders with Inner Transverse High Ribs(LCCWITHR) can reduce the weight of the parts while maintaining high rigidity and strength. Radially Loading Rotary Extrusion(RLRE) forming technology can achieve integral forming of LCCWITHR through the synergy of radial and rotary movements of dies. The flow law of the material during the forming process is the key to forming large-size inner ribs. At present, there is no unified understanding of the metal flow law of RLRE forming technology. An analytical expression was derived to predict the Radial Direction(RD) deformation loads. The FE simulation and process experiment were carried out to investigate the effects of the inclination angle, thickness factor and transition arc radius of the split top dies on the spacing of the metal diversion plane, the metal flow velocity of the rib area and the final radius of the inner rib. The influence of the split top dies loading distance and the bottom die rotation angle of each pass on the inner radius of the inner rib was verified. And the optimal combination of dies shape parameters and loading paths which can make the metal flow orderly was obtained: the inclination angle is 140°, the thickness factor is 3.64, the transition arc radius is 16 mm;the top dies loading distance is 15 mm, the bottom die rotation angle is 45°.The FE simulation results have been found to be in close agreement with physics experiment.The research results reveal the metal flow law of rib growth in the RLRE of LCCWITHR, which lays a theoretical foundation for subsequent thorough research and process optimization.

基于广义梁格法的整体化铺装加固空心板桥荷载横向分布系数计算方法

由于整体化铺装加固后的空心板桥的铺装层较厚、横向整体性更突出,因此荷载横向分布系数的计算必须考虑整体化铺装层的影响。基于此提出采用广义梁格法考虑整体化铺装层的影响,在足尺模型试验和有限元计算的基础上,对基于广义梁格法的整体化铺装层加固后的空心板桥荷载横向分布系数计算方法进行验证。结果表明,广义梁格法的计算结果可以准确考虑采用整体化铺装层加固空心板桥的荷载横向分布规律。不同宽度、不同跨径的空心板桥,铺装层的高度折减系数取值在0.5~0.8之间时,计算结果更加精确。桥越宽则折减系数取值越大,跨径越大则折减系数取值越小。