Direct Optical Resolution of Chiral Pesticides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Enantiomer separation is one of the most important prerequisites for the investigation of environmental enantioselective behavior for chiral pesticides.The enantiomeric separation of three chiral pesticides,indoxacarb,lambda-cyhalothrin,and simeconazole,were studied on cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenyl-carbamate)-coated chiral stationary phase(CDMPC-CSP) using high-performance liquid chromatography under normal phase condition.The effects of chromatographic conditions,such as the mobile phase composition including the concentration and type of alcohol modifiers in hexane,flow rate and column temperature,on enantiomer separation were examined.The thermodynamical mechanism of enantioseparation and chiral recognition mechanism were discussed.Better separation were achieved using 20% n-propanol for indoxacarb,2% iso-butanol for lambda-cyhalothrin,and 20% iso-propanol for simeconazole as modifiers in hexane at 25℃ with the selectivity factor(a) of 1.69,1.82 and 1.70,respectively.The resolution factor(Rs) decreased as the flow rate increased from 0.4 to 1.1 ml·min-1.The retention factor(k') and selectivity factor for the enantiomers of analytes decreased as temperature increased.The lna-1/T plots for racemic chiral pesticides were linear in the range of 15-35℃ in hexane/iso-propanol and the chiral separation was controlled by enthalpy.Hydrogen bonding,π-π and dipole-dipole interactions between enantiomers and CDMPC-CSP play an important role in chiral identification,and the fitting of the asymmetric portion of solutes in a chiral cavity or channel of the CSP is also important.

The Dual Aspects of Administrative Reconsideration System from the Perspective of a Diversified Dispute Resolution Mechanism

The proposition of a diversified dispute resolution mechanism is mainly to realize the reasonable diversion of cases and promote the substantive resolution of disputes.Under this framework,all dispute resolution mechanisms must strictly follow the basic judicial principles and norms and abide by the bottom line of justice in the subjects and procedure of"dispute resolution"in order to gain the trust of the concerned parties.It is necessary to fully activate and give full play to their own characteristics and advantages and carry out the equal and orderly competition in the"diversified mechanism"to ensure that the concerned parties'right of free choice can be substantially expanded.As one of the components of the"diversified dispute resolution mechanism,"the administrative reconsideration system should have the dual aspects of judicialization and administerization.The two aspects are not in a diametric opposition or tradeoff relation,but rather,they merely differ in observation perspectives,zone of action and specific direction to such an extent without compromising their coexistence and reciprocal promotion.Only by the judicalization and administerization of the administrative reconsideration system can we get it out of the current dilemma and gradually turn it into the main channel to solve administrative disputes.

"Fengqiao Model" and the Structural Changes of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in China

As the idea of diversified dispute resolution becomes common sense,the structural relations of different dispute resolution mechanisms have become the focus of practice reforms and theoretical controversies in China.The 60-year development of the"Fengqiao Model"has always focused on the overall design of the dispute resolution system,which provides a foundation and plenty of materials for understanding these structural relationships.Combined with the development of social theory,this paper summarizes a general structural theory of dispute resolution mechanisms based on the"Fengqiao Model."This theory advocates that the structure of dispute resolution mechanisms is the outcome of the integration of state intervention,social self-regulatory,and their interactions with various dispute resolution mechanisms.It can be used to explain the formation and change of the dispute resolution system in China,the structural strain in recent years,the overall plan of structural adjustment since 2012,and the next strategic core of profound adjustment.It also can be used to explain why the"Fengqiao Model"is so persistent and widely applicable,and how the"Fengqiao Model"be converted from a local model to an overall requirement,showing the great meaning of adhering to and developing the"Fengqiao Model'at present.

采用感受野优化与渐进特征融合的图像超分辨率算法

针对现有基于深度学习的超分辨率方法存在参数冗余以及难以学习到全局上下文信息、重建图像高频特征能力欠佳的问题,提出一种基于感受野优化与渐进特征融合的超分辨率网络(RPSRnet),其在单幅图像重建方面实现了较高的性能。该网络采用像素注意力机制与大感受野卷积相结合的方式,设计两条渐进路径将输入表征为不同层次的特征抽象,增强网络捕获上下文信息的能力,同时减少了网络参数冗余。通过分层卷积和多重感受野分支,在保持轻量卷积的前提下,于分层的多路径上学习不同尺度的融合特征,增强网络重建边缘细节和复杂纹理特征的能力。实验结果表明:相比于先进算法,所提算法在基准测试集Set5上的峰值信噪比达到32.47 dB,在测试集Set14上达到28.81 dB,优于现有的先进算法,且网络参数更少,实现了9%的参数缩减,从而验证了算法的有效性。

基于条件先验Swin Transformer的人脸图像超分辨重建

针对现有基于Swin Transformer图像超分辨模型未对人脸图像进行预处理导致最终超分辨结果不佳的问题,文中提出了基于条件先验Swin Transformer的人脸图像超分辨重建方法。该方法利用人脸解析图融合Swin Transformer模型对人脸图像进行预处理,使用条件先验对人脸超分问题进行优化,采用人脸解析图Parsing Map进行约束从而得到更有价值的先验信息。在深层特征提取阶段,将通道空间注意力机制融合Swin Transformer模块对特征组调整进行速度与精度的平衡。实验结果表明,所提方法在测试集上的峰值信噪比(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio,PSNR)为32.21 dB,相较于现有模型具有一定提升。实验证明改进模型更适用于人脸,所生成结果更清晰、更真实,能够还原出更多人脸图像纹理细节。

基于高分辨率遥感影像的耕地提取方法研究

为迅速、精确地提取耕地信息,借助高分辨率遥感影像与计算机视觉技术,采用传统机器学习方法、经典深度学习方法(FCN、PSPNet、DeepLabV3+)和结合注意力机制的深度学习方法(MCDeepLabV3+),对杭州市余杭区耕地进行识别与提取,并结合实际测量数据进行精度验证.经过对比分析,深度学习方法准确率均超过90%,显著高于传统机器学习方法.特别是MCDeepLabV3+方法,其准确率为94.93%,在识别细碎田块的边界上具有显著效果.结果证实,结合注意力机制的深度学习方法能在耕地分布细碎的地区实现高精度提取,为合理配置土地资源、提高农业生产效率提供了有力支持.

基于非稳态稀疏反演的地震资料拓频处理

由于地层固有的吸收衰减作用,地震波在地下介质中传播时会发生振幅衰减、频率降低和相位畸变的现象.这种由地层黏弹性引起的地震波衰减是一种客观存在的现象,并可以用品质因子Q定量化表征.为了消除地层吸收衰减作用,本文提出一种利用非稳态稀疏反演方法补偿因地层黏弹性而损失的地震频率和振幅,重构地震高频信息,并进一步可评估和优选最优的Q模型及其对应的非稳态反演重构的地震数据.基于谱比法,可截取不同长度时窗的衰减地震数据估算出一系列的等效Q模型;构建p范数(0<p<1)约束下的非稳态稀疏反演框架,同时消除地震子波滤波效应和Q滤波效应,得到不同长度时窗下谱比法求取的Q值所对应的地层反射系数;选择合适的地震子波对非稳态反演得到的反射系数进行整形处理,重构高频地震数据;分别计算并最优化处理不同Q模型所重构的高频地震数据深浅层能量相对误差,挑选最优的Q值及对应的非稳态反演补偿后的地震数据.模型和实际地震资料处理结果表明:该方法不仅能够优选更合理的Q模型,提高了地震数据衰减补偿精度,拓宽了地震频带宽度,丰富了地震资料频率成分,且与常规稳态方法相比较,地震深浅层分辨率和振幅更一致,极大地改善了地震资料的品质.

基于深度注意力模型的YOLOv8煤矸石检测算法

针对煤矿复杂环境下煤矸石检测精度低的问题,本文提出了一种基于深度注意力模型的YOLOv8煤矸石检测算法。首先,通过超分辨重构算法对待检测目标图像进行预处理,提升图像对比度,增强图像质量;然后,针对输送带高速运转易导致图像模糊进而造成煤矸石难以准确检测的问题,在YOLOv8算法框架下通过改进网络的卷积层进而提高检测速度,并通过优化网络的NMS来提高算法对遮挡目标的检测精度;其次,针对输送带待检测目标受矿井复杂环境影响造成显著性降低导致其难以准确检测的问题,在上述改进的算法框架下通过融合卷积块注意模型来提高图像中煤矸石的显著度,进而提高目标的检测精度;最后,利用煤矿输送带监控视频数据制备训练样本和测试样本,并将提出的算法与YOLOv8、SSD和Faster-RCNN等经典的目标检测算法进行对比。实验结果表明,本文提出的煤矸石检测算法在应对输送带高速运转、复杂环境干扰以及部分目标物存在遮挡的情况时具有较高的检测精度,同时保持了较好的实时性。

Mechanism and microstructure of Eu(Ⅲ) interaction with γ-MnOOH by a combination of batch and high resolution EXAFS investigation

In this paper, the macroscopic interaction method and high resolution EXAFS technique with a bent crystal analyzer were combined to study Eu（III） interaction mechanism and microstructure with y-MnOOH as a function of pH. The results indicated that Eu（III） interaction with y-MnOOH was apparently dependent on pH but independent of ionic strength, suggesting the for- mation of inner-sphere surface complexation for Eu（III） onto y-MnOOH. Results of EXAFS analysis indicated that Eu was surrounded by -9.00 atoms in first coordination shell at REu-O =2.40A, and second shell of Mn atoms at REu-Mn ≈ 3.60 was observed for the three adsorption samples. These findings suggested formation of a bidentate surface complex with Eu（III） bonding by edge sharing to MnO6-octahedron on y-MnOOH surface. Both the macroscopic interaction data and the molecular level evidence of Eu（III） microstructure at the 3,-MnOOH-water interface should be factored into better understanding the fate and mobility of Eu（III） and related radionuclides in the natural soil and water environment.

A Detection Method of WLAN Security Mechanisms Based on MAC Frame Resolution

Security mechanism detection is not only an important content of vulnerabilities evaluation but also the foundation of key strength test for wireless local area network （WLAN）. This paper analyzes the specifications of WLAN security mechanisms and points out the defects in design of security mechanisms detection algorithm based on the standards. By capturing and analyzing a large number of Beacon frames from different vendor＇s access points （APs）, we summarize the relevant fields and information elements in a Beacon frame, and present their values or status when an AP is set to every specific security mechanism. A detection algorithm of WLAN security mechanisms is proposed based on the experimental study result and the pseudo code of a reference implementation for the algorithm is designed. The validity of the algorithm is illustrated by examples, which shows it can detect every WLAN security mechanism accurately.

Cross-Modal Entity Resolution for Image and Text Integrating Global and Fine-Grained Joint Attention Mechanism

In order to solve the problem that the existing cross-modal entity resolution methods easily ignore the high-level semantic informational correlations between cross-modal data,we propose a novel cross-modal entity resolution for image and text integrating global and fine-grained joint attention mechanism method.First,we map the cross-modal data to a common embedding space utilizing a feature extraction network.Then,we integrate global joint attention mechanism and fine-grained joint attention mechanism,making the model have the ability to learn the global semantic characteristics and the local fine-grained semantic characteristics of the cross-modal data,which is used to fully exploit the cross-modal semantic correlation and boost the performance of cross-modal entity resolution.Moreover,experiments on Flickr-30K and MS-COCO datasets show that the overall performance of R@sum outperforms by 4.30%and 4.54%compared with 5 state-of-the-art methods,respectively,which can fully demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method.

Reconstruction algorithm of super-resolution infrared image based on human vision processing mechanism

Aiming at solving the problem of low resolu- tion and visual blur in infrared imaging, a super-resolution infrared image reconstruction method using human vision processing mechanism （HVPM） was proposed. This method combined a mechanism of vision lateral inhibition with an algorithm projection onto convex sets （POCS） reconstruction, the improved vision lateral inhibition network was utilized to enhance the contrast between object and background of low-resolution image sequences, then POCS algorithm was adopted to reconstruct super- resolution image. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can significantly improve the visual effect of image, whose contrast and information entropy of reconstructed infrared images were improved by approxi- mately 5 times and 1.6 times compared with traditional POCS reconstruction algorithm, respectively.

Dispute Resolution Mechanisms of PPP Agreements in China:A Research Based on Judicial Decisions

Based on research on a number of judicial decisions regarding concession and Public-Private Partnership(PPP)agreements,this paper demonstrates the problems and dilemmas of China's current PPP dispute resolution mechanism and clarifies three fundamental issues:concessiont^PPP;concession agreement工administrative agreement;and disputes related to administrative agreements administrative disputes.On the grounds of these conclusions,the paper argues that the logical chain of China's existing PPP and concession dispute resolution mechanism is untenable.The logic of the current mechanism starts from the definition of an administrative agreement;it then classifies concession agreement as administrative agreement;and finally subjects the disputes over concession agreements to administrative litigation.Yet,this starting point is problematic because the definition of administrative agreement and the distinction between public and private law attributes are difficult to determine precisely,as they lack the necessary theoretical clarity and uniqueness.Overall,the current legal situation of PPP in China is far from being satisfactory because a statutory law on PPP is absent,the existing laws and regulations on administrative agreements are primitive,and the judicial practice has not yet established unified and clear criteria.Against this backdrop,this paper proposes a possible way out.First,we should critically reflect on the current administrative agreement and PPP agreement theory.Then,we should apply the method of legal fact research,adopt doctrinal tools of the legal relationship theory and contract construction theory,and eventually establish a multiple dispute resolution mechanism to resolve disputes effectively.

The Implementation of the Global Minimum Tax(GloBE):The Need for an Effective Dispute Prevention and Resolution Mechanism

The successful implementation of the Global Anti-Base Erosion(GloBE)rules on a global scale cannot be achieved without an international effective dispute prevention and resolution mechanism.However,the development of a dispute prevention and resolution framework for the GloBE rules faces significant challenges.This article offers two possible options for an effective dispute prevention and resolution mechanism:a model based on reciprocal domestic legislations and the multilateral convention model.

基于改进边缘注意力生成对抗网络的电力设备热成像超分辨率重建

针对低分辨率电力设备热成像图像,提出一种基于改进边缘注意力生成对抗网络的超分辨率重建方法。首先,在边缘注意力的基础上,引入通道注意力和位置注意力的双注意力模块(dual attention, DA),捕获特征图不同位置间和不同通道间的依赖关系,并将两组依赖关系进行融合,以加大全局信息的提取程度。然后针对参数修正线性单元激活函数(parametric rectified linear unit, PReLU)对网络中神经元进行无差别激活,导致网络特征表达能力受限问题。采用改进β-ACONC自适应控制激活函数替代PRe LU函数,在辨识有效特征的基础上,对神经元进行选择性激活,以强化有效特征、弱化无效特征,提升网络的自适应激活能力和特征表达能力。最后对所提改进边缘注意力生成对抗网络模型(edge-attention generative adversarial network, EA-GAN)进行实验验证。结果表明,与Bi Cubic双三次插值模型和原EA-GAN模型边缘注意力生成对抗网络模型相比,所提改进模型网络性能最好,重建图像质量最高,客观评价指标峰值信噪比(peaksignal-to-noiseratio, PSNR)均值、结构相似性(structural similarity,SSIM)均值和均方误差损失(mean square error loss, MSE-loss)均值最优,在电力设备红外图像重建领域普适性较高,具有一定的工程应用价值。

二阶逐层特征融合网络的图像超分辨重建

针对一些超分辨网络忽略了对网络各层次特征的复用以及融合的问题,构建了具有较强特征复用和融合能力的二阶逐层特征融合超分辨网络,以获得具有高分辨率、高保真度的重建图像。网络的核心是逐层特征融合模块,该模块通过特征融合操作增强特征的重用。此外,还提出了二阶特征融合机制,该机制在网络的局部和全局层次上采用逐层特征融合方法进行特征融合。实验结果表明该网络的重建图像在线条和轮廓上更清晰,并且在峰值信噪比和结构相似度上也取得了更好的结果。例如当缩放尺度因子为2时,各测试集上的峰值信噪比/结构相似度依次为38.20 dB/0.9612、33.81 dB/0.9195、32.28 dB/0.9010、32.65 dB/0.9324、39.11 dB/0.9779,相比其他模型有一定提升,从客观标准和主观角度证明了二阶逐层特征融合超分辨网络具有一定的优越性。

论环境纠纷非诉解决机制的专门化与法典回应

环境纠纷的特殊性与环境责任的专门性要求环境纠纷非诉解决机制应在传统方式的基础上进行专门化构建。国外的环境纠纷非诉解决机制的专门化主要体现为专门的环境纠纷行政处理机制、专门法院附设ADR机制、专门的民间性环境ADR机制三种样态。我国的环境纠纷非诉解决机制专门化应朝着引入中立评估、重塑环境纠纷行政处理、激活环境仲裁、健全生态磋商、探索设立新型环境ADR机构等方向努力。同时,在生态环境法典编纂的背景下,环境纠纷非诉解决机制专门化也应在法典中得到回应,明确专门化的基本内容和形式。

体育仲裁制度建设重点问题研究

中国体育仲裁委员会设立运行伊始,在仲裁程序与规则适用中面临一些难题,集中体现在运动员工作合同纠纷由劳动仲裁委员会管辖还是体育仲裁委员会管辖更为妥当,如何强化与国内外解纷机制的衔接与协调,如何充分保障体育纠纷解决及时性等。鉴于体育仲裁在管辖、执行、专业性等方面具有优势,由体育仲裁委员会管辖运动员工作合同纠纷更为合适;体育组织还需积极探索建设多元化的内部解纷机制,体育仲裁委员会则应适当行使自裁管辖权,做好内部解纷机制与体育仲裁的衔接;同时,关注国际体育解纷机制的新发展、新变化,确保国际体育解纷机制与体育仲裁的协调,积极回应体育纠纷处理的及时性要求,形成由“法律—规则—办法”构成的临时措施规则体系。

多尺度残差密集注意力网络图像超分辨率重建

目的使用单一尺度卷积网络提取低分辨率(low-resolution,LR)图像特征会造成大量图像高频特征丢失,为了获取更多高频特征,重建更清晰的超分辨率图像,方法提出一种基于多尺度残差密集注意力网络(multi-scale residual dense attention network)的单幅图像超分辨率重建算法。首先,使用卷积网络从低分辨率图像中提取浅层特征并将其作为后续网络各级输入;其次,采用各级多尺度残差密集注意力块(multi-scale residual dense attention block)处理前级网络图像特征并从中提取图像高频特征,多尺度残差密集网络善于提取更丰富的图像特征,并融入注意力机制,增强网络对高频区域特征的关注;然后,将网络各级提取不同深度的图像特征进行全局特征融合;最后,融合后的特征经上采样输出重建的超分辨率图像。结果放大因子为4时,网络在SET5,SET14,BSDS100,URBAN100和MANGA109数据集上测试,峰值信噪比分别为31.97,28.58,27.57,25.85,29.79 dB;网络中基本模块分别由多尺度残差密集注意力块、残差块和密集块替换提取特征,以峰值信噪比作为模块性能评估标准,多尺度残差密集注意力块表现更优异。结论该网络结合多尺度残差密集网络能够获取更丰富图像高低频信息,融入注意力机制有效对网络中高频信息进行提取,能重建纹理更清晰的超分辨率图像。

Multivariate Curve Resolution Combined with On-line Infrared Spectroscopy for Researching the Synthesis Mechanism of 3,4-Bis（4 ＇-aminofurazano-3 ＇） fu roxa n

3,4-Bis（4＇-aminofurazano-3＇）furoxan（DATF）, one of a new generation of high energy density materials, shows lots of interesting properties such as lower sensitivity, excellent thermal stability and superior detonation perfor- mance in chemistry and physics. In this paper, on-line infrared（IR） spectroscopy was used to monitor the synthesis process of DATF. The concentration profiles and IR spectra of the components were determined by analyzing the IR data via principal component analysis（PCA）, evolving factor analysis（EFA） and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares（MCR-ALS）. The geometric configurations of reactant, intermediates and product were optimized with the density functional theory（DFT） at B3LYP/6-3 l＋G（d, p） level. Their vibrational frequencies and IR spectra were obtained on the basis of vibrational analysis. The result obtained by the chemometric resolution methods agreed well with that obtained by quantum chemical calculation method, which demonstrated the reliability of the proposed chemometric resolution methods. The unstable intermediate 3-amino-4-oxycyanofurazan（AOF） was confirmed via comparing the IR spectra resloved by chemometric resolution methods with those calculated by B3LYP/6-3 l＋G（d,p） and analyzed by MCR-ALS. Finally, the possible synthesis mechanism of DATF was deduced by analyzing the above IR spectra.