An Extension of One-Period Nash Equilibrium Model in Non-Life Insurance Markets

This paper deals with an extension of the one-period model in non-life insurance markets (cf. [1]) by using a transition probability matrix depending on some economic factors. We introduce a multi-period model and in each period the solvency constraints will be updated. Moreover, the model has the inactive state including some uninsured population. Similar results on the existence of premium equilibrium and sensitivity analysis for this model are presented and illustrated by numerical results.

A Statistical Analysis of Intensities Estimation on the Modeling of Non-Life Insurance Claim Counting Process

This study presents an estimation approach to non-life insurance claim counts relating to a specified time. The objective of this study is to estimate the parameters in non-life insurance claim counting process, including the homogeneous Poisson process (HPP) and the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) with a bell-shaped intensity. We use the estimating function, the zero mean martingale (ZMM) as a procedure of parameter estimation in the insurance claim counting process. Then, Λ(t) , the compensator of is proposed for the number of claims in the time interval . We present situations through a simulation study of both processes on the time interval . Some examples of the situations in the simulation study are depicted by a sample path relating to its compensator Λ(t). In addition, an example of the claim counting process illustrates the result of the compensator estimate misspecification.

A Bayesian Inference of Non-Life Insurance Based on Claim Counting Process with Periodic Claim Intensity

The aim of this study is to propose an estimation approach to non-life insurance claim counts related to the insurance claim counting process, including the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) with a bell-shaped intensity and a beta-shaped intensity. The estimating function, such as the zero mean martingale (ZMM), is used as a procedure for parameter estimation of the insurance claim counting process, and the parameters of model claim intensity are estimated by the Bayesian method. Then,Λ(t), the compensator of N(t) is proposed for the number of claims in a time interval (0,t]. Given the process over the time interval (0,t]., the situations are presented through a simulation study and some examples of these situations are also depicted by a sample path relating N(t) to its compensatorΛ(t).

CHINA'S INSURANCE BUSINESS

Since implementing the policy of reformand opening,China has resumed itsdomestic insurance business that washalted for two decades.Originally,the ChinaPeople’s Insurance Corporation monopolizedall the insurance business and developedrapidly,with its structural organs distributedwidely in all the provinces,municipalitiesand counties,its staff growing to 120,000and the business expanding far beyond thegrowth rate of the national economy.But theeconomic system reform deepening

On the Issue of Commercial Insurance and Commercial Insurance Market in the Slovak Republic

The article is concentrated on the Slovak commercial insurance, commercial insurance market, non-life insurance, and international risks on the Slovak Republic. Since 1 May 2004, the Slovak insurance market has been part of the uniform European Union insurance market, which includes over 5,000 insurance companies. After Slovakia’s admission to the European Union, several legislative changes have been adopted in the area of commercial insurance industry, which also influenced non-life insurance and the insurance of international risks as part of non-life risks. The most recent act in the area of commercial insurance mentioned in the paper is the Act of the National Council SR No. 39/2015 Coll. on Insurance, in which there are legislative changes in life and also non-life insurance. Basic terms are defined and commented on in the first two chapters （Lowry, Rawlings, ＆ Merkin, 2015）. The nature of international risks as part of non-life risks is described in the second chapter. International risks are classified in the third chapter; international risks are subdivided in the paper into commercial or trade risks, political and economic risks, and special types of risks.

On the Issue of Commercial Insurance Market as in the Slovak Republic

The insurance industry in the Slovak Republic has become an important dynamically developing area of economy.Insurance affects all the activities into the national economy,touching every company,business,citizen,society,and foreign countries.The Slovak insurance market is developed.As at 31.12.2017,there operated 21 commercial insurance companies on the Slovak commercial insurance market.The evolution of the market in life insurance in recent years is more dynamic than in the non-life insurance.

Rights Basis and System Building of Occupational Injury Protection for Employers in New Business Forms

Employees in new business forms face higher occupational injury risks and the plight of“falling in the gap in the protection network”of work-related injury insurance.The existing three types of occupational injury protection models are based on the reflection and reform of traditional occupational injury insurance.The readjustment path of occupational injury insurance is the most desirable among them.Occupational injury protection for employees in new forms of business is based on the concept of human rights protection,with the right to equality,social insurance and occupational safety and health as the direct basis.The top-level design of the system should be based on the appropriate“decoupling”of work-related injury insurance and labor relations,and rely on the technological empowerment of the digital age to explore the establishment of a work-related injury insurance system that is both mandatory and flexible.For the specific system building,in the dimension of mandate,the commercialization of benefits payment should be realized while expanding the statutory coverage of work-related injury insurance;while in the dimension of flexibility,it should be based on the characteristics of employees.Corresponding rules and regulations should be adjusted in terms of management model,work-related injury identification,and treatment calculation and payment.

新业态从业人员社会保险参保选择及其影响因素:一项基于配送骑手和快递员群体的调查

在“社会结构-个体行动”的理论框架下,本文对全国1600多名新业态从业人员的社会保险参保行为及其背后的影响因素进行实地调查。以即时配送骑手和快递员群体为代表的新业态从业者,其社会保险参保水平尤其是就业关联的社会保险参保率相对较低。实证分析结果表明,劳动法律关系等制度性特征直接决定新业态从业人员的社会保险总体参保程度及对基本养老保险和基本医疗保险的险种选择。个体年龄、健康状况、收入水平等特征及其与制度特征的交互,对参保行为产生显著影响。本文结合与新业态从业人员、地方政府部门的深度访谈,从制度结构嵌入个体理性决策的角度对新业态从业者的参保行为做出进一步阐释,最后提出完善劳动法律法规,优化社会保障制度设计的政策建议。

新业态从业人员参加养老保险的成本收益与收入再分配效应——基于共同富裕视角

基于个人和社会角度,意在探讨哪种参保选择能同时满足个人的“成本收益”效应最大化和社会的“收入再分配”效应最大化,以达到推进共同富裕的效果。采用2018年中国劳动力动态调查微观数据(CLDS),构建精算模型研究发现:新业态从业人员基本养老保险全覆盖可使养老金成本收益比增加,使养老金基尼系数减小;养老金成本收益比随城职保参保率提高而增大,基尼系数随城职保参保率提高而减小;提升城职保参保率与增加缴费指数相结合的政策可以发挥更大的成本收益效应和收入再分配效应。为实现共同富裕的伟大目标,应加快推进新业态从业人员社会保险全覆盖,鼓励新业态从业人员参加城职保。

辽宁省保险业数字化经营水平和创新发展研究

保险业是风险管理行业,风险评估和处理是其核心业务。数字化转型可以通过利用大数据和人工智能技术来提高风险评估的精度和效率[1]。数字经济的发展给保险行业数字化经营带来了机遇。然而,传统保险经营者想企稳保险赛道中的地位,需要顺应数字经济发展的趋势。辽宁省保险行业在国内处于相对较好的发展水平,但仍存在数字化经营水平和创新发展方面的问题,需从数字化转型执行力、资金投入力度、区域性经营保险企业争取更大决策权,以及加快数字技术复合型人才培养几个方面需求突破。

企业集团债券集中管理与信用利差

如何有效防范化解债券信用风险是维护国家金融安全和稳定的关键。企业集团对债券发行采取集中管理能否发挥规模优势、实现为债券“增信”,从而更好地降低债券信用风险?本文以2008—2020年A股上市企业集团发行的公司债、企业债和中期票据为样本,实证分析了债券集中管理对债券信用利差的影响。研究发现:债券集中管理能够显著降低信用利差,证实了“收益效应”起主导作用。在考虑内生性问题和一系列稳健性检验后,基本结论仍然成立。进一步地,机制检验发现债券集中管理通过“共同保险效应”与集团声誉的渠道影响债券信用利差;异质性检验发现在民营企业、融资约束较高、母—子公司制度距离较小的公司,以及债券没有担保条款、信用评级较低、承销商声誉较差时,债券集中管理对债券信用利差的抑制作用更强。本文研究阐明了债券集中管理对债券信用利差的影响机理,拓展了内部资本市场和集团负债管理的研究范畴,为企业集团债券发行与信用风险管理提供经验借鉴,亦对于如何化解债券市场信用风险,促进实体经济稳定发展具有一定启示意义。

地方政府干预视角下农业保险公司的双重经营压力分析

基于2008-2020年31个省(区、市)的面板数据,运用固定效应、门槛回归等模型,从业务理赔、成本费用双重维度,定量评估地方政府干预对农险业务经营的影响。结果显示:地方政府干预显著提高了农险业务的简单赔付率和综合费用率,造成了农险公司的双重经营压力。进一步研究发现,当参保密度跨过负向门槛值后,地方政府干预造成的农险赔付压力显著减弱。鉴于此,应通过划定地方政府干预红线、加快科技赋能农业保险等措施,促进农险公司科学、自主经营。

网络安全损失险的损失补偿逻辑与保险责任认定

网络安全损失险作为网络安全风险治理的重要“市场”工具,能够有效填补立法规制与技术预防等既有治理路径的不足。然而,面对因果关系复杂的各类网络安全风险,网络安全损失险能够填补的网络安全损失范围始终存有争议。从损失类型来看,事实层面的网络安全经济损失并不当然均属于保险法中损失填补的基本范畴,按照“实际损失”和“合理费用”的基本划分,网络安全损失险所遵循的损失填补逻辑实际上是以“有限补偿”为主:对于营业中断损失而言,保险责任仅以被保险人无法有效处置的网络安全故障为限;对于网络勒索赎金这类损失而言,保险责任则以“支付赎金行为属于避免损失扩大的最佳方式”为前提。网络安全损失险本质上是对《民法典》侵权责任编等制度工具难以全面回应网络安全态势的补充,故而其“补偿”的理想效果是填补网络安全事件发生前后的营业能力差异及其经济利润差额。

新业态背景下“零工经济”群体工伤保障路径研究——基于各地试点经验探索

数字商业模式催生的“零工经济”就业人员面临着职业伤害风险大、缺乏有效制度保障的困境。因“零工经济”群体同平台间的关系难以被认定为传统劳动关系,加之社保系统不健全、立法滞后、新型运营模式的冲击等因素的影响,该群体往往难以有效纳入现行的工伤保障机制中。通过总结各地试点经验发现,唯有平衡分配政府、平台、就业者三方权利义务,推进保险制度与劳动关系适度脱钩,优化缴费模式,明晰工伤认定规则,探索建立职业伤害保障新机制,才能实现互联网零工经济的健康发展。

多源流理论框架下新业态从业者参与社会保险的困境分析

在多源流理论的视角下从问题源流、政策源流和政治源流展开分析,发现我国新业态从业者参与社会保险,实现其社会权益的政策之窗开启已具备了问题源流维度的条件。在政策源流方面存在着外部参与者的利益碰撞,主要表现在制定政策的各部门之间以及各部门与企业之间和内部参与者对政策的制定落实所起到的作用微弱等问题。在政治源流维度,领导者基于社会和谐稳定考虑,不能对现有制度政策进行大幅度的调整以使其与新业态从业者相容。因此结合这样的实际,新业态从业者参与社会保险国家文件的出台源于紧迫的问题源流的开启,同时,问题源流和政治源流已经汇合。但是各地方政府开展的试点工作还处于起步阶段,存在不足之处。

我国国有资本支持社保基金政策的实践与优化研究

随着我国人口老龄化进程不断加快,基本养老保险基金中长期缺口压力将持续增大。国有资本的持续盈利及分红能力能够为社保基金提供源头活水,有利于增强基本养老保险制度的可持续性。当前国有资本支持社保基金主要有两大渠道:一是将部分国有资本直接划转社保基金,二是以国有资本经营收益补充社保基金。本文从这两个方面梳理相关政策演进和实践进程,在分析主要问题的基础上探讨相关政策改进思路,如探索划转方式的合理收益机制,提升国有资本划转和营收补充的支持力度,提高央地对国有资本的管理运作效能,强化社会公众的监督作用以及探讨国有资本支持社保基金的其他渠道等,以期为基金可持续提供更强大的支撑力。

“新文科+新商科”背景下地方本科院校保险专业应用型人才培养模式研究

在“新文科+新商科”双重背景下,保险专业作为金融领域的重要分支学科,其人才培养模式需在两方面取得平衡:一方面,强调人才跨学科综合素质的培养,使之具备批判性思维、跨界合作能力和社会责任感,以符合新文科建设的要求;另一方面,注重商科思维、市场洞察力和敏感度的培养,以满足金融行业的需求和适应现代社会的多元化挑战。然而,目前我国地方本科院校在保险专业应用型人才培养方面仍存在一些问题,主要表现在保险教育与保险行业之间脱节、缺乏行业协同育人机制、高校管理体制不够灵活等方面。要解决上述问题,地方本科院校应从创新课程设置、强化实践教育和提升师资队伍三个方面入手,推进保险专业应用型人才培养模式的改革,为保险行业人才供给结构变革提供保障。

共享经济模式下新业态从业人员职业伤害保障制度研究

共享经济模式下新业态从业人员数量激增,然而这部分群体的职业伤害却未获得有效救济。为此,针对目前试点城市已开展职业伤害保障的共性问题,围绕新业态从业人员职业伤害保障的参保范围、方式与认定条件、待遇水平等展开设计,以实现共享经济模式下新业态从业人员职业伤害保障制度的全面构建及高质量发展。

水稻保险数字化承保理赔GIS系统研究与实现

农业保险为农业生产活动提供重要保障,是现代农业经济发展不可或缺的重要组成部分。针对传统农业保险服务模式标的核验难、灾害损失核定难、农业生产情况缺乏监控手段等问题,本文基于移动GIS、WebGIS等技术实现水稻保险由“按人投保”向“按地投保”的转变,为中后期理赔服务提供强有力的依据,并采用遥感手段监测水稻长势和核定灾害损失,有利于农业保险的高质量、可持续发展,推动现代农村经济发展。

Cyberattack Ramifications, The Hidden Cost of a Security Breach

In this in-depth exploration, I delve into the complex implications and costs of cybersecurity breaches. Venturing beyond just the immediate repercussions, the research unearths both the overt and concealed long-term consequences that businesses encounter. This study integrates findings from various research, including quantitative reports, drawing upon real-world incidents faced by both small and large enterprises. This investigation emphasizes the profound intangible costs, such as trade name devaluation and potential damage to brand reputation, which can persist long after the breach. By collating insights from industry experts and a myriad of research, the study provides a comprehensive perspective on the profound, multi-dimensional impacts of cybersecurity incidents. The overarching aim is to underscore the often-underestimated scope and depth of these breaches, emphasizing the entire timeline post-incident and the urgent need for fortified preventative and reactive measures in the digital domain.