SiC改性提升聚酰亚胺薄膜直流耐电晕性能的机理

传统聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜应用到更高电压等级设备中,易产生电晕放电甚至绝缘失效。为提升聚酰亚胺薄膜耐电晕能力,实验采取碳化硅(SiC)作为增强相对PI基体相进行改性,探究SiC改性对复合薄膜耐电晕特性的影响机理。实验结果表明,随着SiC含量增加,SiC/PI复合薄膜出现非线性电导特性并逐渐增强,其同步提升的浅深陷阱密度比与载流子迁移率促进了表面电荷消散速率的增加。同时,SiC提升了15 kV直流电压下薄膜的沿面闪络和击穿时间,其中质量分数25%SiC/PI复合薄膜较纯PI膜分别提升了416.28%和298.39%。这是因为增强的非线性电导率和表面电荷消散速率,有利于空间和表面电荷运输,减少电场畸变,从而提升复合薄膜的耐电晕能力。对电晕损伤薄膜的无损区、圆状白斑区和白色堆积区进行形貌观测,发现SiC颗粒会在等离子体碰撞下形成放电阻挡层,有效减少电晕对基体相的侵蚀,延长了复合薄膜的耐电晕时间。最后发现质量分数15%SiC/PI复合薄膜为综合耐电晕与力学特性下的最优选择。

316L不锈钢掺杂SiC环状同轴送粉TIG熔覆层组织结构与性能

TIG熔覆是经济高效的表面修复方法,与传统的预置粉末法相比,同轴送粉法具有优良的适应性,但是试验研究相对较少.自主设计制造了环状同轴送粉TIG熔覆焊枪,与管状同轴送粉TIG熔覆焊枪相比,制造的熔覆层不存在熄弧位置凹坑、焊缝不够平直以及焊缝熔宽不一致等问题,而且具有更高的熔覆效率.结果表明,采用优化的焊接热输入、送粉量和SiC含量参数匹配,在316L不锈钢表面进行环状同轴送粉TIG熔覆,获得了外观优良的单层单道熔覆层、单层多道熔覆层.对熔覆层进行显微硬度测量、微观组织及元素成分分析、宏观电化学腐蚀试验、微区电化学腐蚀试验以及耐磨性能测试,并与母材进行了比对,环状同轴送粉TIG熔覆导入的SiC粉末有效地提升了熔覆层的耐蚀性与耐磨性.

国产SiC功率模块热阻测试方法研究

为解决国产SiC功率模块的热阻不能准确测试的问题,开展了非开关式电学法在线测量模块热阻的研究。提出模块热阻测试方案,设计搭建模块热阻测试平台,结合器件结构特点和工艺特点,研究获得适用于模块的热阻测试方法,并选用两款典型SiC功率模块进行了验证,验证了测试结果的准确性。

Corrosion resistance of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating

Immersion experiment results show that corrosion rate of the as deposited RE Ni W P SiC composite coating in HCl solutions increases with the rise of HCl concentration. On the contrary, the corrosion rate of the composite coating after heat treatment decreases with increasing HCl concentration. The corrosion rates of the composite coatings in as deposited state and after heat treatment in H 2SO 4 and H 3PO 4 solutions respectively decrease with the rise of H 2SO 4 and H 3PO 4 concentrations. The corrosion rate of the composite coating as deposited in FeCl 3 solutions decreases with increasing FeCl 3 concentration, while the rate of the composite coating after heat treatment increases with the rise of FeCl 3 concentration. The corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel in the corrosion media of H 2SO 4, HCl, H 3PO 4 and FeCl 3 solutions at different concentrations increases with rising concentration. In addition, the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel in the corrosion media of H 2SO 4, HCl, H 3PO 4 and FeCl 3 solutions respectively is much greater than that of the RE Ni W P SiC composite coating as deposited and after heat treatment in the same corrosion media. [

浆料浸渍辅助PIP工艺制备C/HfC-SiC复合材料的微观结构及性能研究

针对高速飞行器对于防热/承载一体化超高温陶瓷基复合材料的迫切需求,以及现有反应型HfC先驱体存在的成本高、效率低和致密效果差等不足,本研究将HfC亚微米粉体配制成稳定的陶瓷浆料,利用浆料加压浸渍辅助先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺制备了HfC基体均匀分布的C/HfC-SiC复合材料,探讨了HfC含量对于复合材料微观结构、力学与烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明,当HfC实际体积分数为13.1%~20.3%时,复合材料密度为2.20~2.58 g·cm^(-3),开孔率约为5%。通过单层碳布加压浸渍陶瓷浆料,HfC颗粒能够分散到纤维束内部,且在复合材料中分布比较均匀。提高HfC含量会降低复合材料纤维含量,其力学性能也呈现出降低趋势。当HfC体积分数为20.3%时,复合材料的密度、拉伸强度和断裂韧性分别为2.58 g·cm^(-3)、147 MPa和9.3 MPa·m^(1/2);经氧乙炔焰烧蚀60 s后,复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.0062 mm/s和0.005 g/s,烧蚀过程中形成的熔融相Hf_(x)Si_(y)O_(z)能覆盖在材料表面,起到良好的保护作用。

Structure and erosion resistance of Ni60A/SiC coatting by laser cladding

The Ni60A and Ni60A/SiC coatings were obtained by laser cladding on 0.45% C steel. The microstructure and hardness of the coatings were studied by SEM and XRD. The erosion resistances of Ni60A and Ni60A/SiC coatings were also investigated. The results show that the structure of different coatings is up to the temperature gradient and solidifying velocity in metal-melting region during laser cladding process. The coatings consist of a cladding layer, in which dendritic crystal and bulky cell-like crystal exist mainly, and a thermo-affected layer. Ni60A/SiC coating has higher microhardness than that of Ni60A coating, which is mainly caused by SiC and complicated phases formed by Ni, Cr, Fe, C and Si. It is obvious from the erosion test that the Ni60A/SiC coating has high erosion resistance.

RESISTANCE BRAZING OF SiC/2024AI COMPOSITE

The resistance brazing of 2024Al reinforced with15 volume percent of Sic particulate was simulated by using a Gleeble - 1500 Tharmal/Mechanical sindator. The results show that too high or too low brazing temperature and pressure result in decrease in shear strength of joint,but brazing time influenc- es it slightly. The action between filler metals and the composite was analyzed by SEM and EPAM. The use of simulation method helped in the design and predication of welding technology,which re- duced the rejection rate as well as the cost of production.

60%SiCp/2009铝基复合材料表面等离子体电解氧化膜的生长和表征

在硅酸盐溶液中采用等离子体电解氧化技术在60%SiCP(体积分数)/2009铝基复合材料表面制备陶瓷膜。研究氧化膜的显微组织、成分、润湿性及其耐腐蚀性能,探讨SiC颗粒表面火花放电的产生机理。结果表明,来自硅酸盐溶液的不溶性化合物(SiO_(2))使SiC颗粒表面产生火花放电,Al-Si-O化合物中的缺陷为SiC颗粒表面放电电流的传导提供优先路径。1200s时铝基复合材料表面形成5.5μm厚的均匀膜层,膜层的表面自由能在40s时达到最大值37.10 m J/cm^(2),并在1200 s时下降到25.95 m J/cm^(2)。此外,等离子体电解氧化处理可以显著提高复合材料的耐蚀性。

CeO_(2)/MoSi_(2)改性ZrB_(2)-SiC陶瓷的烧结性能及耐烧蚀性能

无压烧结ZrB_(2)-SiC陶瓷可制备复杂形状构件,但致密化难且耐烧蚀性能有待提高,因此亟需研究能够改善陶瓷致密化的有效烧结助剂。本文采用CeO_(2)和MoSi_(2)为烧结助剂,在1850℃无压烧结1 h条件下制备了ZrB_(2)-SiC陶瓷,研究了CeO_(2)和MoSi_(2)对ZrB_(2)-SiC陶瓷烧结性能和耐烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明,当5%(体积分数)的烧结助剂中CeO_(2)和MoSi_(2)体积比为1∶1时,ZrB_(2)-SiC陶瓷的烧结性能、耐烧蚀性能最佳。烧结助剂在烧结过程中形成Ce-Mo液相,陶瓷颗粒在液相的表面张力下重排和传质,Ce-Mo液相促进陶瓷颗粒在毛细力下形成烧结颈,填充于陶瓷颗粒的间隙中,并在降低陶瓷晶粒的晶界能时促进致密化进程,最终获得无压烧结密度为5.02 g/cm^(3)、相对密度为89.71%、维氏硬度为14.04 GPa的ZrB_(2)-SiC陶瓷。相对于未添加烧结助剂时,实际密度提高了53%,维氏硬度提高了43%。在烧蚀过程中,烧结助剂适量补充SiO_(2)后可促进黏度适宜的玻璃相自愈合,并提高ZrO_(2)的稳定性,使ZrB_(2)-SiC陶瓷具有最好的耐烧蚀性能,此时ZrB_(2)-SiC陶瓷质量烧蚀率为-1.62 mg/s,线烧蚀率为0.33μm/s。

CATHODIC PROCESS AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF ELECTRO-DEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATING

Cathodic deposition current density of the composite coatings increases when SiC par-ticles and rare earth (RE) were added in the bath, which is profitable for Ni- W-P alloy to deposit in the cathod, forming Ni-W-P-SiC and RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings. On the contrary, the addition of PTFE in the bath decreases cathodic deposition current density of the coatings. The current density increases a little when the amount of RE is 7-9g/l; however, the current density increases greatly when the amount of RE is increased to 11-13g/l. Bui ij the amount of RE is raised further, the current density decreases. Hardness and wear resistance of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating have been studied, and the results show that the hardness and wear resistance of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating increase with increasing heat treatment tempera-ture, which reach peak values at 400℃; while the hardness and wear resistance of the coating decrease with the rise of heat treated temperature continuously.

原位自生SiC晶须对原料预氧化SiC耐磨材料显微结构和性能的影响

以Si粉、活性炭、预氧化的SiC颗粒为原料,于埋炭条件下经1500℃保温3h烧制后,制备出了原位自生SiC晶须复合SiC耐磨材料,并研究了SiC晶须对原料预氧化SiC耐磨材料性能的影响,并分析了这些性能和显微结构间的关系。结果表明,原位自生SiC晶须可提高SiC耐磨材料的致密度和力学性能,并在Si粉和活性炭共同添加量为12 wt.%时改善效果较佳,对应试样的抗冲击强度和硬度分别为29.91 kJ·m^(-2)和98(HRB),磨耗比为4.49。这是因为原位自生的SiC晶须充填在SiC颗粒间的孔隙中,形成了均匀的网络结构,且其伴生的SiO_(2)和SiC原料预氧化的产物SiO_(2),均可与α-Al_(2)O_(3)添加剂反应生成莫来石,增强了晶须与基体间的结合力。当SiC耐磨材料受到外力作用时,这些与基体结合较好的SiC晶须,可通过拔出、裂纹的偏转和桥联等途径改善SiC耐磨材料的力学性能。

Preparation and Thermal Shock Resistance of Mullite and Corundum Co-bonded SiC Ceramics for Solar Thermal Storage

Mullite and corundum co-bonded SiC-based composite ceramics(SiC-mullite-Al2O3)were prepared by using SiC,calcined bauxite and kaolin via pressureless carbon-buried sintering.The low-cost SiC-based composite ceramics designed in this study are expected to be used as thermal storage materials in solar thermal power generation based on the high density and excellent thermal shock resistance.The influences of calcined bauxite addition and sintering temperature on the microstructures,phase compositions,and physical properties of the samples were investigated.Results demonstrated that the introduction of calcined bauxite containing two bonding phases greatly reduced the lowest sintering temperature to 1400℃.The SiC-mullite Al2O3 composite with 40 wt%calcined bauxite sintered at 1500℃exhibited optimum performance.The density and bending strength were 2.27 g·cm^-3 and 77.05 MPa.The bending strength increased by 24.58%and no cracks were observed after 30 thermal shock cycles,while general clay would reduce the thermal shock resistance of SiC.The SiC-mullite-Al2O3 composites with satisfied performance are expected to be used as thermal storage materials in solar thermal power generation systems.

FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF 3D-C/SiC COMPOSITES AT 1300℃

Based on the energy conservation, the elastic energy linked to the compliance change, non-elastic energy dissipated by irreversible deformation and the resistance for crack propagation were quantitatively characterized by evaluation the load/load point displacement curves tested by three points bend experiment with single notch beam at 1300℃. The cracks length was determined by compliance calibration curves. It is shown by experimental results that the compliance of 3D-C/SiC composites changes with the cracks can be described by third order polynomial. The variation of crack advancing resistance with non-dimensional equivalent crack length presents a convex curve. The crack advancing resistance increases firstly and then decreases with the non-dimensional equivalent crack length, finally is in comparatively low level. The maximum values of crack advancing resistance are 269.73kJ/m2 for non-dimensional equivalent crack length of 0.318 and original notch length of 0.35mm, and 138.65kJ/m2 for non-dimensional equivalent crack length of 0.381 and original notch length of 2.06mm, respectively.

In-situ Synthesis and Oxidation Resistance of Sialon/SiC Composite Ceramics Applied as Solar Absorber

Sialon/SiC composites were synthesized in situ from SiC,α-Si_(3)N_(4),AlN,calcined bauxite,quartz and Y_(2)O_(3) via layered buried sintering at different temperatures (1 540-1 640 ℃).The results showed that the O’-sialon/SiC sample with 60 wt% silicon carbide sintered at 1 600 ℃ exhibited excellent mechanical properties,with apparent porosity of 16.01%,bulk density of 2.06 g·cm^(-3),bending strength of 52.63 MPa,and thermal expansion coefficient of 5.83×10-6 ℃^(-1).The oxide film formed on the surface was linked closely to O’-sialon,so the oxide film was not easily broken.After 100 h oxidization,the sample surface was smoother and denser,with oxidation weight gain rate 23.6 mg/cm^(2) and oxidation rate constant 2.0 mg^(2)·cm^(-4)·h^(-1).Therefore,the sample had the excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance.It was confirmed that the in-situ sialon/SiC composites could be a promising candidate for solar absorber owing to its high-temperature oxidation resistance.

不同工艺制备的SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料水氧腐蚀行为

分别采用熔渗(melt infiltration,MI)工艺、化学气相渗透结合前驱体浸渍裂解(chemical vapor infiltration combined with precursor infiltration and pyrolysis,CVI+PIP)工艺及前驱体浸渍裂解(precursor infiltration and pyrolysis,PIP)工艺制备SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料,采用扫描电镜及其附带的能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等表征分析不同工艺制备的SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料在1300℃水氧环境腐蚀前后的微观结构、组成及性能变化。结果表明:不同工艺制备的复合材料氧化后断口氧元素分布有明显不同,氧化后的物相与制备工艺密切相关;经1300℃/50 h水氧腐蚀后,MI工艺制备的SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料强度保留率为84%,模量保留率为76%;CVI+PIP工艺制备的SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料强度保留率为64%,模量增加6%;PIP工艺制备的SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料强度保留率为49%,模量增加17%;MI工艺制备的复合材料表现为氧化增重,而采用CVI+PIP及PIP工艺制备的复合材料表现为氧化失重,主要与其微观结构及组成相关。

短切碳纤维对泵用SiC复合陶瓷强度与耐冲蚀性影响研究

将0.5 mm、1 mm和3 mm的短切碳纤维分别加入SiC树脂复合陶瓷中,研究不同短切碳纤维长度对SiC复合陶瓷抗折强度和耐冲蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,添加短切碳纤维后,试样的体积密度从2.45降低至2.32 g/cm^(3),而显气孔率变化不大,维持在4%。随着添加短切碳纤维长度的增加,试样的抗折强度显著提升,从61.57 MPa增加至71.67 MPa。添加3 mm的短切碳纤维后,试样的抗折强度更加稳定,多个试样间的差距显著降低。添加不同长度短切碳纤维后,试样的常温耐冲蚀性无明显变化,一次和二次冲蚀损失体积分别维持在0.033 cm^(3)和0.045 cm^(3)左右。SiC树脂复合陶瓷浇注料的制备过程中,添加3 mm的短切碳纤维可以有效提升抗折强度,同时保持复合陶瓷优秀的耐冲蚀性能。

SiC纤维在空气中的耐温性测试

SiC纤维作为SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料的重要承载部分,其耐温性能直接影响SiC纤维的实际应用。单丝拉伸强度和束丝拉伸力测试表明:在空气中,800℃时SiC纤维单丝强度维持在2.7 GPa以上,束丝拉伸力170 N以上,随时间延长无明显变化;温度升高至1000℃时,单丝强度下降至2.0 GPa,束丝拉伸力下降至159 N;超过1200℃后,纤维氧化明显,无长时间应用能力。其SEM及EDS结果表明,各个温度下纤维表面均有不同程度的氧化,温度越高纤维氧含量越高,超过1400℃时,纤维出现“皮芯”结构和脱落,氧化严重,完全失效。

Ni-P/纳米SiC复合镀层制备及性能研究

以45钢为基体材料,在其表面制备了Ni-P/纳米SiC复合镀层,研究了复合镀层的微观结构及热处理性能。结果表明:Ni-P/纳米SiC复合镀层由细小的胞状物构成,胞状物均匀致密,完全包覆于基体表面,复合镀层表面未见孔洞等缺陷。镀层由Ni、P、Si、C等元素构成,弥散分布Si元素、C元素来自镀层中SiC粒子。热处理后,复合镀层显微硬度、耐腐蚀性优于热处理前的复合镀层。

Cf/SiC复合材料表面抗氧化涂层研究进展

Cf/SiC复合材料因其低密度,高比强度,优异的抗热震、抗氧化和抗烧蚀性能以及高温强度保持率,被认为是高速飞行器的重要热防护材料之一。然而,由于碳纤维在500℃以上发生显著氧化导致材料逐渐失效,因此需对其进行有效的氧化防护。抗氧化涂层被认为是实现Cf/SiC复合材料长时氧化防护的有效手段。本文基于热防护系统对Cf/SiC复合材料抗氧化性能的苛刻要求,综述了现有Cf/SiC复合材料表面抗氧化涂层的研究进展,着重对抗氧化涂层制备技术及涂层体系进行了梳理。提升Cf/SiC复合材料抗氧化涂层使用温度(≥1800℃)及结合强度是当前需要重点解决的问题,制备更长服役时间、更高服役温度同时兼具抗氧化、抗水蒸气腐蚀乃至较好隔热性能的多功能涂层是未来发展的重要方向。

Optimization Design of Minimum Total Resistance Hull Form Based on CFD Method

In order to reduce the resistance and improve the hydrodynamic performance of a ship, two hull form design methods are proposed based on the potential flow theory and viscous flow theory. The flow fields are meshed using body-fitted mesh and structured grids. The parameters of the hull modification function are the design variables. A three-dimensional modeling method is used to alter the geometry. The Non-Linear Programming(NLP) method is utilized to optimize a David Taylor Model Basin(DTMB) model 5415 ship under the constraints, including the displacement constraint. The optimization results show an effective reduction of the resistance. The two hull form design methods developed in this study can provide technical support and theoretical basis for designing green ships.