Long radial coherence of electron temperature fluctuations in non-local transport in HL-2A plasmas

The dynamics of long-wavelength(kθ<1.4 cm^(-1)),broadband(20 kHz–200 kHz)electron temperature fluctuations(Te/Te)of plasmas in gas-puff experiments are observed for the first time in HL-2A tokamak.In a relatively low density(ne(0)■0.91×10^(19)m^(-3)–1.20×10^(19)m^(-3))scenario,after gas-puffing the core temperature increases and the edge temperature drops.On the contrary,temperature fluctuation drops at the core and increases at the edge.Analyses show the non-local emergence is accompanied with a long radial coherent length of turbulent fluctuations.While in a higher density(ne(0)?1.83×10^(19)m^(-3)–2.02×10^(19)m^(-3))scenario,the phenomena are not observed.Furthermore,compelling evidence indicates that E×B shear serves as a substantial contributor to this extensive radial interaction.This finding offers a direct explanatory link to the intriguing core-heating phenomenon witnessed within the realm of non-local transport.

Fresnel Equations Derived Using a Non-Local Hidden-Variable Particle Theory

Problem: The Fresnel equations describe the proportions of reflected and transmitted light from a surface, and are conventionally derived from wave theory continuum mechanics. Particle-based derivations of the Fresnel equations appear not to exist. Approach: The objective of this work was to derive the basic optical laws from first principles from a particle basis. The particle model used was the Cordus theory, a type of non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) theory that predicts specific substructures to the photon and other particles. Findings: The theory explains the origin of the orthogonal electrostatic and magnetic fields, and re-derives the refraction and reflection laws including Snell’s law and critical angle, and the Fresnel equations for s and p-polarisation. These formulations are identical to those produced by electromagnetic wave theory. Contribution: The work provides a comprehensive derivation and physical explanation of the basic optical laws, which appears not to have previously been shown from a particle basis. Implications: The primary implications are for suggesting routes for the theoretical advancement of fundamental physics. The Cordus NLHV particle theory explains optical phenomena, yet it also explains other physical phenomena including some otherwise only accessible through quantum mechanics (such as the electron spin g-factor) and general relativity (including the Lorentz and relativistic Doppler). It also provides solutions for phenomena of unknown causation, such as asymmetrical baryogenesis, unification of the interactions, and reasons for nuclide stability/instability. Consequently, the implication is that NLHV theories have the potential to represent a deeper physics that may underpin and unify quantum mechanics, general relativity, and wave theory.

Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)films with simultaneous high oxygen barrier and fast degradation properties

Although poly(lactic acid)(PLA)is a good environmentally-friendly bio-degradable polymer which is used to substitute traditional petrochemical-based polymer packaging films,the barrier properties of PLA films are still insufficient for high-barrier packaging applications.In this study,oxygen scavenger hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)and cobalt salt catalyst were incorporated into the PLA/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PLA/PBAT),followed by melting extrusion and three-layer co-extrusion blown film process to prepare the composite films.The oxygen permeability coefficient of the composite film combined with 6 wt%oxygen scavenger and 0.4 wt%catalyst was decreased significantly from 377.00 cc·mil·m^(-2)·day^(-1)·0.1 MPa^(-1) to 0.98 cc·mil·m^(-2)·day^(-1)·0.1 MPa^(-1),showing a remarkable enhancement of 384.69 times compared with the PLA/PBAT composite film.Meanwhile,the degradation behavior of the composite film was also accelerated,exhibiting a mass loss of nearly 60%of the original mass after seven days of degradation in an alkaline environment,whereas PLA/PBAT composite film only showed a mass loss of 32%.This work has successfully prepared PLA/PBAT composite films with simultaneously improved oxygen barrier property and degradation behavior,which has great potential for high-demanding green chemistry packaging industries,including food,agricultural,and military packaging.

On the Properties of Solutions of Non-local Parabolic Equations

In this short note, we investigate the properties of positive solutions for some non-local parabolic equations. The conditions on the global existence and blow-up in finite time of solution are given.

Molecular simulation study of the microstructures and properties of pyridinium ionic liquid[HPy][BF_(4)]mixed with acetonitrile

The microstructures and thermodynamic properties of mixed systems comprising pyridinium ionic liquid[HPy][BF_(4)]and acetonitrile at different mole fractions were studied using molecular dynamics simulation in this work.The following properties were determined:density,self-diffusion coefficient,excess molar volume,and radial distribution function.The results show that with an increase in the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the self-diffusion coefficient decreases.Additionally,the excess molar volume initially decreases,reaches a minimum,and then increases.The rules of radial distribution functions(RDFs)of characteristic atoms are different.With increasing the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the first peak of the RDFs of HA1-F decreases,while that of CT6-CT6 rises at first and then decreases.This indicates that the solvent molecules affect the polar and non-polar regions of[HPy][BF_(4)]differently.

Research on the Construction of Intellectual Property System and Optimization of Business Environment in China

With the rapid development of globalization and information technology,intellectual property has been one of the key drivers of economic growth,and the construction of intellectual property system has become an important criterion for measuring the quality of business environment.This article is intended to explore the current status of intellectual property system construction in China,the challenges,and its relationship with the business environment,to propose the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The study finds that the legal system of intellectual property in China is gradually improving,and judicial and administrative protection are continuously strengthened.However,the challenges still remain such as frequent infringements,rights hard to protect and insufficient international cooperation.These issues not only affect the legitimate rights and interests of innovation entities,but also for the market fairness and the level of the business environment.Therefore,this article proposes that strengthening the perfection of the intellectual property legal system,enhancing intellectual property services and support capabilities,strengthening international cooperation and exchanges,and accelerating the cultivation of composite talents.It aims to provide theoretical references for the construction of intellectual property system and the optimization of the business environment,promote the high-quality development of economy and enhance the global competitiveness of the country.

Effects of aggregate size distribution and carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of cemented gangue backfill samples under true triaxial compression

The mechanical behavior of cemented gangue backfill materials(CGBMs)is closely related to particle size distribution(PSD)of aggregates and properties of cementitious materials.Consequently,the true triaxial compression tests,CT scanning,SEM,and EDS tests were conducted on cemented gangue backfill samples(CGBSs)with various carbon nanotube concentrations(P_(CNT))that satisfied fractal theory for the PSD of aggregates.The mechanical properties,energy dissipations,and failure mechanisms of the CGBSs under true triaxial compression were systematically analyzed.The results indicate that appropriate carbon nanotubes(CNTs)effectively enhance the mechanical properties and energy dissipations of CGBSs through micropore filling and microcrack bridging,and the optimal effect appears at P_(CNT)of 0.08wt%.Taking PSD fractal dimension(D)of 2.500 as an example,compared to that of CGBS without CNT,the peak strength(σ_(p)),axial peak strain(ε_(1,p)),elastic strain energy(Ue),and dissipated energy(U_(d))increased by 12.76%,29.60%,19.05%,and90.39%,respectively.However,excessive CNTs can reduce the mechanical properties of CGBSs due to CNT agglomeration,manifesting a decrease inρ_(p),ε_(1,p),and the volumetric strain increment(Δε_(v))when P_(CNT)increases from 0.08wt%to 0.12wt%.Moreover,the addition of CNTs improved the integrity of CGBS after macroscopic failure,and crack extension in CGBSs appeared in two modes:detour and pass through the aggregates.Theσ_(p)and U_(d)firstly increase and then decrease with increasing D,and porosity shows the opposite trend.Theε_(1,p)andΔε_(v)are negatively correlated with D,and CGBS with D=2.150 has the maximum deformation parameters(ε_(1,p)=0.05079,Δε_(v)=0.01990)due to the frictional slip effect caused by coarse aggregates.With increasing D,the failure modes of CGBSs are sequentially manifested as oblique shear failure,"Y-shaped"shear failure,and conjugate shear failure.

Processing,microstructure,and mechanical properties of wire arc additively-manufactured AZ91 magnesium alloy using cold arc process

Thin walls of an AZ91 magnesium alloy with fine equiaxed grains were fabricated via cold arc-based wire arc additive manufacturing(CA-WAAM),and the droplet transfer behaviours,microstructures,and mechanical properties were investigated.The results showed that the cold arc process reduced splashing at the moment of liquid bridge breakage and effectively shortened the droplet transfer period.The microstructures of the deposited samples exhibited layered characteristics with alternating distributions of coarse and fine grains.During layer-by-layer deposition,the β-phase precipitated and grew preferentially along grain boundaries,while the fineη-Al_(8)Mn_(5)phase was dispersed in the α-Mg matrix.The mechanical properties of the CA-WAAM deposited sample showed isotropic characteristics.The ultimate tensile strength and elongation in the building direction(BD)were 282.7 MPa and 14.2%,respectively.The microhardness values of the deposited parts were relatively uniform,with an average value of HV 69.6.

Characterization and correlation of engineering properties with microstructure in peanuts:A microscopic to macroscopic analysis

Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global scale.This study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing countries.The surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular structure.The lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the cells.The single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering properties.Furthermore,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various biomacromolecules.Variations were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut varieties.This study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing countries.The findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.

Corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties of Ti−3Cu alloy prepared by selective laser melting

The corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties of Ti−3Cu alloy prepared by selective laser melting were evaluated using electrochemical experiments and a variety of antibacterial characterization.It is found that the charge transfer resistance of Ti−3Cu alloy was 4.89×10^(5)Ω∙cm^(2),which was doubled the data obtained by CP-Ti alloy.The antibacterial rates of Ti−3Cu alloy against S.mutans and P.gingivalis were 45.0%and 54.5%.And the antibacterial rates increased with the prolongation of cultivation time,reaching up to 62.8%and 68.6%,respectively.The in-situ nano Ti_(2)Cu precipitates were homogeneously distributed in the matrix of the Ti−3Cu alloy,which was the key reason of increasing the corrosion resistance.Additionally,the microscale electric fields between theα-Ti matrix and the Ti_(2)Cu was responsible for the enhancement of the antibacterial properties.

Innovative dispersion techniques of graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)through mechanical stirring and ultrasonication:Impact on morphological,mechanical,and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)have attracted tremendous interest due to their unique properties and bonding capabilities.This study focuses on the effect of GNP dispersion on the mechanical,thermal,and morphological behavior of GNP/epoxy nanocomposites.This study aims to understand how the dispersion of GNPs affects the properties of epoxy nanocomposite and to identify the best dispersion approach for improving mechanical performance.A solvent mixing technique that includes mechanical stirring and ultrasonication was used for producing the nanocomposites.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between GNPs and the epoxy matrix.The measurements of density and moisture content were used to confirm that GNPs were successfully incorporated into the nanocomposite.The findings showed that GNPs are successfully dispersed in the epoxy matrix by combining mechanical stirring and ultrasonication in a single step,producing well-dispersed nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties.Particularly,the nanocomposites at a low GNP loading of 0.1 wt%,demonstrate superior mechanical strength,as shown by increased tensile properties,including improved Young's modulus(1.86 GPa),strength(57.31 MPa),and elongation at break(4.98).The nanocomposite with 0.25 wt%GNP loading performs better,according to the viscoelastic analysis and flexural properties(113.18 MPa).Except for the nanocomposite with a 0.5 wt%GNP loading,which has a higher thermal breakdown temperature,the thermal characteristics do not significantly alter.The effective dispersion of GNPs in the epoxy matrix and low agglomeration is confirmed by the morphological characterization.The findings help with filler selection and identifying the best dispersion approach,which improves mechanical performance.The effective integration of GNPs and their interaction with the epoxy matrix provides the doorway for additional investigation and the development of sophisticated nanocomposites.In fields like aerospace,automotive,and electronics where higher mechanical performance and functionality are required,GNPs'improved mechanical properties and successful dispersion present exciting potential.

Obtaining Electromagnetic Properties of Multi-Type Media in Realistic Environments:State-of-the-Art and Prospects

To meet the requirements of electromagnetic(EM)theory and applied physics,this study presents an overview of the state-of-the-art research on obtaining the EM properties of media and points out potential solutions that can break through the bottlenecks of current methods.Firstly,based on the survey of three mainstream approaches for acquiring EM properties of media,we identify the difficulties when implementing them in realistic environments.With a focus on addressing these problems and challenges,we propose a novel paradigm for obtaining the EM properties of multi-type media in realistic environments.Particularly,within this paradigm,we describe the implementation approach of the key technology,namely“multipath extraction using heterogeneous wave propagation data in multi-spectrum cases”.Finally,the latest measurement and simulation results show that the EM properties of multi-type media in realistic environments can be precisely and efficiently acquired by the methodology proposed in this study.

基于Non-Local means滤波的雾天降质图像恢复算法

针对目前去雾算法易导致边缘晕环效应、边缘轮廓及景物特征比较模糊问题,提出了一种景深等先验信息未知条件下基于Non-Local means滤波的雾天降质图像恢复算法。首先,根据大气散射模型将经典的场景深度估计转化为大气面纱以及天空亮度估计,避免难求的场景深度图;然后,对雾天降质图像进行雾气平均化预处理,经过预处理图像平均亮度变小;其次,依据大气面纱的边缘跟雾天图像的低频具有大的相似性,采用Non-Localmeans滤波算法估计大气面纱模型;最后,为了使恢复图像的亮度跟色度都更加接近晴天图像,进行防止对比度放大的平滑与色度调整处理。通过与已有实验结果对比表明,提出的算法可以获得更精确的大气面纱,恢复图像不但边缘轮廓及景物特征都比较清楚,而且可有效抑制边缘晕环效应。

GURTIN-TYPE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR DYNAMICS OF A NON-LOCAL THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM SATURATED POROUS MEDIUM

Based on the porous media theory and by taking into account the efects of the pore fuid viscidity, energy exchanges due to the additional thermal conduction and convection between solid and fuid phases, a mathematical model for the dynamic-thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling of a non-local thermal equilibrium fuid-saturated porous medium, in which the two constituents are assumed to be incompressible and immiscible, is established under the assumption of small de- formation of the solid phase, small velocity of the fuid phase and small temperature changes of the two constituents. The mathematical model of a local thermal equilibrium fuid-saturated porous medium can be obtained directly from the above one. Several Gurtin-type variational principles, especially Hu-Washizu type variational principles, for the initial boundary value problems of dy- namic and quasi-static responses are presented. It should be pointed out that these variational principles can be degenerated easily into the case of isothermal incompressible fuid-saturated elastic porous media, which have been discussed previously.

Random noise suppression for seismic data using a non-local Bayes algorithm

For random noise suppression of seismic data, we present a non-local Bayes （NL- Bayes） filtering algorithm. The NL-Bayes algorithm uses the Gaussian model instead of the weighted average of all similar patches in the NL-means algorithm to reduce the fuzzy of structural details, thereby improving the denoising performance. In the denoising process of seismic data, the size and the number of patches in the Gaussian model are adaptively calculated according to the standard deviation of noise. The NL-Bayes algorithm requires two iterations to complete seismic data denoising, but the second iteration makes use of denoised seismic data from the first iteration to calculate the better mean and covariance of the patch Gaussian model for improving the similarity of patches and achieving the purpose of denoising. Tests with synthetic and real data sets demonstrate that the NL-Bayes algorithm can effectively improve the SNR and preserve the fidelity of seismic data.

Surface effect and non-local elasticity in wave propagation of functionally graded piezoelectric nano-rod excited to applied voltage

A non-local solution for a functionally graded piezoelectric nano-rod is pre- sented by accounting the surface effect. This solution is used to evaluate the charac- teristics of the wave propagation in the rod structure. The model is loaded under a two-dimensional （2D） electric potential and an initially applied voltage at the top of the rod. The mechanical and electrical properties are assumed to be variable along the thick- ness direction of the rod according to the power law. The Hamilton principle is used to derive the governing differential equations of the electromechanical system. The effects of some important parameters such as the applied voltage and gradation of the material properties on the wave characteristics of the rod are studied.

ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A GRIFFITH PERMEABLE CRACK IN PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS WITH THE NON-LOCAL THEORY

The dynamic behavior of a Griffith permeable crack under harmonic anti-plane shear waves in the piezoelectric materials is investigated by use of the non-local theory. To overcome the mathematical difficulties, a one-dimensional non-local kernel is used instead of a two-dimensional one for the anti-plane dynamic problem to obtain the stress and the electric displacement near the crack tips. By means of Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with a pair of dual integral equations that the unknown variable is the jump of the displacement across the crack surfaces. These equations are solved with the Schmidt method and numerical examples are provided. Contrary to the previous results, it is found that no stress and electric displacement singularities are present at the crack tip. The finite hoop stress and the electric displacement depend on the crack length, the lattice parameter of the materials and the circle frequency of the incident waves. This enables us to employ the maximum stress hypothesis to deal with fracture problems in a natural way.

Investigation of the crack problem in non-local piezoelectric materials under combined electromechanical loadings

The present investigation of the crack problem in piezoelectric materials is performed based on the non-local theory. After some manipulations, the impermeable crack, the permeable crack （the crack gap is full of NaCI solution）, and the semi-permeable crack （the crack gap is full of air or silicon oil） are reduced to a uniform formulation by assuming the normal electric displacement on the crack surfaces to be an unknown variable. Thus, a triple integral equation with the unknown normal electric displacement is established. By using the Newton iterative method and solving the triple integral equation, it is found that the normal electric displacement on the crack surfaces is no longer a constant as determined by previous studies, rather, it depends upon the remote combined electromechanical loadings. Numerical results of the stresses and electric displacement fields show that there are no singularities at the crack tips so that the stresses remain finite. It is of great significance that the concrete electric boundary condition on the crack surfaces exerts significant influence on the near-tip fields and in this way plays an important role in evaluating the crack stability in the non-local piezoelectric materials. More specifically, the impermeable crack model always overestimates the finite stresses at the crack tips, whereas the permeable crack model always underestimates them.

基于non-local先验的贝叶斯变量选择方法及其在高维数据分析中的应用

目的对高维数据进行变量筛选并构建预测模型是组学数据分析的研究热点之一。本研究旨在为结局为二分类变量的高维组学数据筛选自变量并构建预测结局的稀疏统计模型。方法本研究通过模拟研究和实例分析阐释基于non-local先验的贝叶斯变量选择方法--乘积逆矩先验(product inverse moment,piMOM)相较于惩罚类方法ISIS-光滑平切绝对偏差(iterative sure independence screening-smoothly clipped absolute deviation,ISIS-SCAD)和ISIS-最小最大凹惩罚(iterative sure independence screening-minimax concave penalty,ISIS-MCP)在高维数据中变量筛选及其预测效果的性能优劣。结果模拟研究发现:在高维的情况下,经piMOM、ISIS-SCAD和ISIS-MCP方法筛选所得变量的平均真阳性数和受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC,area under curve)基本相等,ISIS-SCAD、ISIS-MCP的平均假阳性数、回归系数均方误差以及预测均方误差明显高于基于non-local先验的贝叶斯变量方法所获得的对应值。piMOM方法分析弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤实例数据共识别5个有意义的基因,AUC为0.996;ISIS-SCAD识别7个基因,AUC为0.975;ISIS-MCP识别7个基因,AUC为0.968。结论在模型选择相合性和预测准确性方面,piMOM方法与ISIS-SCAD和ISIS-MCP相比,具有优势,在一定意义上可有效控制假阳性率。

Improved Non-Local Means Algorithm for Image Denoising

Image denoising technology is one of the forelands in the field of computer graphic and computer vision. Non-local means method is one of the great performing methods which arouse tremendous research. In this paper, an improved weighted non-local means algorithm for image denoising is proposed. The non-local means denoising method replaces each pixel by the weighted average of pixels with the surrounding neighborhoods. The proposed method evaluates on testing images with various levels noise. Experimental results show that the algorithm improves the denoising performance.