Comparing with the resin bolt, the hydraulic expansion bolt has different anchoring mechanism and application advantage. According to the working mechanism of the hydraulic expansion bolt, its anchoring force is expre...Comparing with the resin bolt, the hydraulic expansion bolt has different anchoring mechanism and application advantage. According to the working mechanism of the hydraulic expansion bolt, its anchoring force is expressed in four forms including support anchoring force, tension anchoring force, expansion anchoring force and tangent anchoring force, and their values can be obtained on the basis of each calculation formula. Among them, the expansion anchoring force, which is the unique anchoring force of the hydraulic expansion bolt, can provide confining pressure to increase the strength of rock. Aiming at solving the problem of stability control in the soft rock roadway in Jinbaotun Coal Mine which has a double layer of 40 U-type sheds and cannot provide enough resistance support to control floor heave, the study reveals the mechanism of floor heave in the soft rock roadway, and designs the reasonable support parameters of the hydraulic expansion bolts. The observed results of floor convergence indicate that the hydraulic expansion bolts can prevent the development and flow of the plastic zone in the floor rock to control floor heave. Research results enrich the control technology in the soft rock roadway.展开更多
The roof of a roadway under goaf with ultra-close separation consists of thin rock strata and rocks caving in upper goaf. Influenced by the mining of the upper coal seam, the roof is loose and broken, and its integrit...The roof of a roadway under goaf with ultra-close separation consists of thin rock strata and rocks caving in upper goaf. Influenced by the mining of the upper coal seam, the roof is loose and broken, and its integrity is poor. Resin anchored bolts cannot provide an effective anchoring force in such roof conditions. By conducting free expansion tests and field pull-out tests on a hydraulic expansion bolt, this study has analyzed the influencing factors and laws of radial expansion and anchoring force changes in the rod body.This has revealed the anchoring mechanism of such bolts, and has obtained reasonable water injection pressures and suitable drilling diameters(which are 20–25 MPa and 32–35 mm respectively) for the hydraulic expansion bolt(u28 mm) used in these tests. Based on pull-out tests at different interlayer spacing, the applicability of hydraulic expansion bolts had been verified for controlling the roof of roadways under goaf with ultra-close distance. Combined with the deformation and failure characteristics of the test roadway roof, this paper proposes a united roof-control technology based on the use of hydraulic expansion bolts and advancing intubation for the roof. Engineering practice indicated that the roof of the test roadway did not generate leaking and caving phenomenon, and the amount of roof deformation was controlled to within 150 mm. Maintenance of the roadway roof has been improved significantly, which ensures safe mining in coal seams with ultra-close separation.展开更多
With the increasing demand to reduce emissions and save energy,hydraulic reservoirs require new architecture to optimize their weight,space,and volume.Conventional open reservoirs are large,heavy,and easily polluted,a...With the increasing demand to reduce emissions and save energy,hydraulic reservoirs require new architecture to optimize their weight,space,and volume.Conventional open reservoirs are large,heavy,and easily polluted,and threaten the operation of hydraulic systems.A closed reservoir provides the advantages of small volume and light weight,compared to open reservoirs.In this study,a non-metallic pressure reservoir with variable volume is designed and manufactured for closed-circuit hydraulic systems.The reservoir housing is made of rubber,and the Mooney-Rivlin model is chosen based on the rubber strain properties.The FEA simulation for the reservoir is performed using ANSYS Workbench to obtain the structural stiffness.The major contribution is the establishment of mathematical models for this reservoir,including the volume equation changing with height,flow equation,and force balance equation,to explore the output characteristics of this reservoir.Based on these results,simulation models were built to analyze the output characteristics of the reservoir.Moreover,the test rig of a conventional hydraulic system was transformed into a closed-circuit asymmetric hydraulic system for the reservoir,and preliminary verification experiments were conducted on it.The results demonstrate that the designed reservoir can absorb and discharge oil and supercharge pump inlet to benefit system operation.The changes in the volume and pressure with displacements under different volume ratios and frequencies were obtained,which verified the accuracy of the mathematical models.Owing to its lightweight design and small volume,the reservoir can replace conventional open reservoirs,and this lays a foundation for future theoretical research on this reservoir.展开更多
在塔里木油田测试作业中,出现诸如封隔器胶筒高温碳化失封、“O”密封圈气爆破损渗漏、高压差失封等问题,无法安全优质地完成超深超高压高温气井的测试需要。为提升井下测试工具耐温耐压性能,基于塔里木油田“十三五”以来超深高温高压...在塔里木油田测试作业中,出现诸如封隔器胶筒高温碳化失封、“O”密封圈气爆破损渗漏、高压差失封等问题,无法安全优质地完成超深超高压高温气井的测试需要。为提升井下测试工具耐温耐压性能,基于塔里木油田“十三五”以来超深高温高压井APR测试实践,总结分析了常规高温高压井测试APR测试工具存在的问题,通过提升密封部件材料的耐温等级、优化密封组合形式、改进封隔器胶筒结构等手段,将APR测试工具的耐温耐压差性能由70 MPa/177℃提升至105 MPa/204℃。经室内高温高压评价实验,封隔器设计等级、耐温耐压等关键指标满足设计要求。现场DB×井使用改进型193.675 mm CHAMP-Ⅳ封隔器、MJ×井使用改进型127 mm RTTS封隔器,作业期间井下工具工作正常,测试均取得成功,起出检查测试工具完好。改进的APR测试工具为超深高温高压井高质量勘探开发打下了坚实的基础。展开更多
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51174195)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No.2010QNA31)
文摘Comparing with the resin bolt, the hydraulic expansion bolt has different anchoring mechanism and application advantage. According to the working mechanism of the hydraulic expansion bolt, its anchoring force is expressed in four forms including support anchoring force, tension anchoring force, expansion anchoring force and tangent anchoring force, and their values can be obtained on the basis of each calculation formula. Among them, the expansion anchoring force, which is the unique anchoring force of the hydraulic expansion bolt, can provide confining pressure to increase the strength of rock. Aiming at solving the problem of stability control in the soft rock roadway in Jinbaotun Coal Mine which has a double layer of 40 U-type sheds and cannot provide enough resistance support to control floor heave, the study reveals the mechanism of floor heave in the soft rock roadway, and designs the reasonable support parameters of the hydraulic expansion bolts. The observed results of floor convergence indicate that the hydraulic expansion bolts can prevent the development and flow of the plastic zone in the floor rock to control floor heave. Research results enrich the control technology in the soft rock roadway.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51204166 and 51174195)the Advantage Disciplines Construction Fund Program of Jiangsu Universities (No. SZBF2011-6-B35)
文摘The roof of a roadway under goaf with ultra-close separation consists of thin rock strata and rocks caving in upper goaf. Influenced by the mining of the upper coal seam, the roof is loose and broken, and its integrity is poor. Resin anchored bolts cannot provide an effective anchoring force in such roof conditions. By conducting free expansion tests and field pull-out tests on a hydraulic expansion bolt, this study has analyzed the influencing factors and laws of radial expansion and anchoring force changes in the rod body.This has revealed the anchoring mechanism of such bolts, and has obtained reasonable water injection pressures and suitable drilling diameters(which are 20–25 MPa and 32–35 mm respectively) for the hydraulic expansion bolt(u28 mm) used in these tests. Based on pull-out tests at different interlayer spacing, the applicability of hydraulic expansion bolts had been verified for controlling the roof of roadways under goaf with ultra-close distance. Combined with the deformation and failure characteristics of the test roadway roof, this paper proposes a united roof-control technology based on the use of hydraulic expansion bolts and advancing intubation for the roof. Engineering practice indicated that the roof of the test roadway did not generate leaking and caving phenomenon, and the amount of roof deformation was controlled to within 150 mm. Maintenance of the roadway roof has been improved significantly, which ensures safe mining in coal seams with ultra-close separation.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB2000700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51890811).
文摘With the increasing demand to reduce emissions and save energy,hydraulic reservoirs require new architecture to optimize their weight,space,and volume.Conventional open reservoirs are large,heavy,and easily polluted,and threaten the operation of hydraulic systems.A closed reservoir provides the advantages of small volume and light weight,compared to open reservoirs.In this study,a non-metallic pressure reservoir with variable volume is designed and manufactured for closed-circuit hydraulic systems.The reservoir housing is made of rubber,and the Mooney-Rivlin model is chosen based on the rubber strain properties.The FEA simulation for the reservoir is performed using ANSYS Workbench to obtain the structural stiffness.The major contribution is the establishment of mathematical models for this reservoir,including the volume equation changing with height,flow equation,and force balance equation,to explore the output characteristics of this reservoir.Based on these results,simulation models were built to analyze the output characteristics of the reservoir.Moreover,the test rig of a conventional hydraulic system was transformed into a closed-circuit asymmetric hydraulic system for the reservoir,and preliminary verification experiments were conducted on it.The results demonstrate that the designed reservoir can absorb and discharge oil and supercharge pump inlet to benefit system operation.The changes in the volume and pressure with displacements under different volume ratios and frequencies were obtained,which verified the accuracy of the mathematical models.Owing to its lightweight design and small volume,the reservoir can replace conventional open reservoirs,and this lays a foundation for future theoretical research on this reservoir.
文摘在塔里木油田测试作业中,出现诸如封隔器胶筒高温碳化失封、“O”密封圈气爆破损渗漏、高压差失封等问题,无法安全优质地完成超深超高压高温气井的测试需要。为提升井下测试工具耐温耐压性能,基于塔里木油田“十三五”以来超深高温高压井APR测试实践,总结分析了常规高温高压井测试APR测试工具存在的问题,通过提升密封部件材料的耐温等级、优化密封组合形式、改进封隔器胶筒结构等手段,将APR测试工具的耐温耐压差性能由70 MPa/177℃提升至105 MPa/204℃。经室内高温高压评价实验,封隔器设计等级、耐温耐压等关键指标满足设计要求。现场DB×井使用改进型193.675 mm CHAMP-Ⅳ封隔器、MJ×井使用改进型127 mm RTTS封隔器,作业期间井下工具工作正常,测试均取得成功,起出检查测试工具完好。改进的APR测试工具为超深高温高压井高质量勘探开发打下了坚实的基础。
