Non-operative management of rectal cancer: Highlighting the controversies

There remains much ambiguity on what non-operative management(NOM)of rectal cancer truly entails in terms of the methods to be adopted and the best algorithm to follow.This is clearly shown by the discordance between various national and international guidelines on NOM of rectal cancer.The main aim of the NOM strategy is organ preservation and avoiding unnecessary surgical in-tervention,which carries its own risk of morbidity.A highly specific and sensitive surveillance program must be devised to avoid patients undergoing unnecessary surgical interventions.In many studies,NOM,often interchangeably called the Watch and Wait strategy,has been shown as a promising treatment option when undertaken in the appropriate patient population,where a clinical complete res-ponse is achieved.However,there are no clear guidelines on patient selection for NOM along with the optimal method of surveillance.

Predictors for success of non-operative management of adhesive small bowel obstruction

BACKGROUND Majority of adhesive small bowel obstruction(SBO)cases can be managed nonoperatively.However,a proportion of patients failed non-operative management.AIM To evaluate the predictors of successful non-operative management in adhesive SBO.METHODS A retrospective study was performed for all consecutive cases of adhesive SBO from November 2015 to May 2018.Data collated included basic demographics,clinical presentation,biochemistry and imaging results and management outcomes.The imaging studies were independently analyzed by a radiologist who was blinded to the clinical outcomes.The patients were divided into group A operative(including those that failed initial non-operative management)and group B non-operative for analysis.RESULTS Of 252 patients were included in the final analysis;group A(n=90)(35.7%)and group B(n=162)(64.3%).There were no differences in the clinical features between both groups.Laboratory tests of inflammatory markers and lactate levels were similar in both groups.From the imaging findings,the presence of a definitive transition point[odds ratio(OR)=2.67,95%confidence interval(CI):0.98-7.32,P=0.048],presence of free fluid(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.15-3.89,P=0.015)and absence of small bowel faecal signs(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.01-2.88,P=0.047)were predictive of the need of surgical intervention.In patients that received water soluble contrast medium,the evidence of contrast in colon was 3.83 times predictive of successful non-operative management(95%CI:1.79-8.21,P=0.001).CONCLUSION The computed tomography findings can assist clinicians in deciding early surgical intervention in adhesive SBO cases that are unlikely to be successful with non-operative management to prevent associated morbidity and mortality.

Analysis on the Way of Integrating Educational Drama into Patriotism Education for Primary School Students

In the process of patriotism education for primary school students,educational drama can play a very important role.However,the premise is that educational drama should be successfully integrated into the process of patriotism education of primary school students,instead of simply and mechanically stuffing educational drama into patriotism education of primary school students.As far as the integration mode of educational drama is concerned,educational drama can be divided into three kinds,namely,discipline-oriented drama education,infiltration-oriented drama education and activity-oriented drama.Therefore,the integration methods are also divided into three categories,namely,setting up educational drama courses,using educational drama to infiltrate patriotic education into other disciplines and carrying out activity-oriented drama education.

Talking Justice,the Chinese Way

Western legal scholars learn from China’s approach to justice at a seminar held at Oxford University.Mediation can work better than prosecution and prison.

Operative vs non-operative management of displaced proximal humeral fractures in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AIM: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing operative vs non-operative treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients.METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using EMBASE and MEDLINE through the OVID interface,CINAHL,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL),Proquest,Web of Science,SAE digital library,and Transportation Research Board's TRID database.Searches of conference proceedings were also conducted.All available randomized controlled trials comparing operative vs non-operative management of displaced three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients were included.The primary outcomes measures included physical function,pain,health related quality of life,mortality,and the re-operation rate.RESULTS: Six randomized controlled trials(n = 287) were included.There was no statistically significant difference in function(MD = 1.72,95%CI:-2.90-6.34,P = 0.47),as measured by the Constant score,between the operative and the non-operative treatment groups.There was no statistically significance difference insecondary outcomes of health related quality of life(standardized MD = 0.27,95%CI:-0.05-0.59,P = 0.09),and mortality(relative risk 1.29,95%CI: 0.50-3.35,P = 0.60).Operative treatment had a statistically significant higher re-operation rate(relative risk 4.09,95%CI: 1.50-11.15,P = 0.006),and statistically significant decreased pain(MD = 1.26,95%CI: 0.02-2.49,P = 0.05).CONCLUSION: There is moderate quality evidence to suggest that there is no difference in functional outcomes between the two treatments.Further high quality randomized controlled trials are required to determine if certain subgroup populations benefit from surgical management.

Non-operative management of isolated liver trauma

Liver trauma is the most common abdominal emergency with high morbidity and mortality. Now, nonoperative management（NOM） is a selective method for liver trauma. The aim of this study was to determine the success rate, mortality and morbidity of NOM for isolated liver trauma.Medical records of 81 patients with isolated liver trauma in our unit were analyzed retrospectively. The success rate, mortality and morbidity of NOM were evaluated. In this series, 9 patients with grade IV-V liver injuries underwent emergent operation due to hemodynamic instability; 72 patients, 6 with grade V, 18 grade IV, 29 grade III, 15 grade II and 4 grade I, with hemodynamic stability received NOM. The overall success rate of NOM was 97.2%（70/72）. The success rates of NOM in the patients with grade I-III, IV and V liver trauma were100%, 94.4% and 83.3%. The complication rates were 10.0%and 45.5% in the patients who underwent NOM and surgical treatment, respectively. No patient with grade I-II liver trauma had complications. All patients who underwent NOM survived.NOM is the first option for the treatment of liver trauma if the patient is hemodynamically stable. The grade of liver injury and the volume of hemoperitoneum are not suitable criteria for selecting NOM. Hepatic angioembolization associated with the correction of hypothermia, coagulopathy and acidosis is important in the conservative treatment for liver trauma.

Functional Outcomes for Combined Acute Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Knee Injuries Treated Non-Operatively

Introduction: results after non-operative management for knees sustaining combined acute anterior and posterior cruciate ligament tears were presented. Subjects: 13 patients, 10 with medial, and 3 with lateral ligament injury. Methods: non-operative management consisted of employing a brace to prevent sagittal translation of the tibia. Quadriceps muscle and early passive knee motion exercises in the brace was encouraged immediately after arthroscopy. Weight-bearing was forbidden for 3 weeks. The brace was not removed for 3 months. Follow-up periods ranged from 2 to 6 years (mean, 3 years 2 months). Results: none, but one patient had a slight restriction of knee flexion. Quadriceps muscle strength revealed an average of 89.0% of normal side. The knee score indicated 2 patients rated good, 3 rated fair, and 8 rated poor. The score correlated with measurements of anterior and posterior translation on the stress radiograph significantly. Stress radiography revealed that anterior laxity was reduced better than posterior laxity significantly. Conclusion: non-operative brace therapy can be considered for this combined injury as the initial treatment. A late reconstruction would be performed when the result was not satisfactory. Preserved range of motion and muscle strength after brace therapy had a great advantage to the late reconstructive surgery.

X’s Way构式在英语中的表现——来自“基于海量数据的大规模英语用法知识库”的报告

20世纪90年代以来,随着语料库语言学、动词类型研究,以及构式语法的兴起,X’s way构式这种独特的语言现象获得了一种多学科、全景式的阐释,使我们对词汇、语法、语义三者之间的关系有了一个全新的理解和认识。另外,二语习得研究表明,基于用法的教学方法有助于提升学习者的整体语言能力。相关研究还表明,在语言习得与语言加工过程中,词汇、语法、语义这三大元素总体表现出一种不可分割的连续体特征。然而,相关研究成果并未在外语教学中得到广泛的应用。针对这一现象,本文采用多元视角,先介绍相关研究的要点,后通过“基于海量数据的大规模英语用法知识库”中的范例展示,为课堂教学与自主学习提供了一种内容与资源上的选择。

On Master Tanxu’s Thought of the Middle Way

This paper discusses Master Tanxu’s Thought of Middle Way from three aspects:interpreting the Middle Way with the Tiantai Sect’s thought of“Three Truths as a Unity”(三諦圓融),discussing“the Truth of the First Meaning of the Middle Way”(中道第一義諦)from the relationship between“the One Mind”and the Middle Way,and discussing gradations of practice of the Middle Way.

儿童幻想小说A Way with Dragons翻译实践分析

A Way with Dragons是一本探索幻想与时空穿梭幻想兼具的儿童幻想小说。该小说情节精彩连贯,富有教育意义,适合儿童阅读。该文从儿童观的角度去分析小说源语文本,总结源语文本具有口语化、生动性和教育性等三个特征。另外,以接受美学为理论指导,从词汇、句法和修辞手法三个维度入手,探讨翻译难点,力争重现原作的风格与儿童情趣。

Research on Innovative Ways of Integrating Aesthetic Education with Ideological and Political Education in the New Era

Aesthetic education and ideological and political education undertake the educational responsibilities of educating people with beauty and cultivating people with morals,respectively.The innovation of aesthetic education and the reform of ideological and political education have common educational goals and target students.Integrating aesthetic education with ideological and political education can promote the overall healthy development of students,which has both historical and practical significance.In this paper,the importance and characteristics of integrating aesthetic education with ideological and political education in colleges and universities are analyzed from multiple dimensions,and four feasible ways of integrating aesthetic education with ideological and political education are proposed.The latter draws on extracurricular activities,emotional touch,a pleasant aesthetic atmosphere,and educational synergy to improve students’aesthetic literacy and cultivate correct ideological and political concepts among students.A survey of 1,047 students showed that the understanding and acceptance of ideological and political education were strengthened and improved after implementing these innovative integration ways.Taken together,the exploration and practice of these integration ways contribute to expanding the effect of ideological and political education in the new era and constitute important parts of the reform of college and university education in the new journey.

Preserved amplitude migration based on the one way wave equation in the angle domain

Traditional pre-stack depth migration can only provide subsurface structural information. However, simple structure information is insufficient for petroleum exploration which also needs amplitude information proportional to reflection coefficients. In recent years, pre-stack depth migration algorithms which preserve amplitudes and based on the one- way wave equation have been developed. Using the method in the shot domain requires a deconvolution imaging condition which produces some instability in areas with complicated structure and dramatic lateral variation in velocity. Depth migration with preserved amplitude based on the angle domain can overcome the instability of the one-way wave migration imaging condition with preserved amplitude. It can also offer provide velocity analysis in the angle domain of common imaging point gathers. In this paper, based on the foundation of the one-way wave continuation operator with preserved amplitude, we realized the preserved amplitude prestack depth migration in the angle domain. Models and real data validate the accuracy of the method.

The Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Maize Breeding

Referring to corn breeding literature at home and abroad,the possible ways to improve the efficiency of maize breeding were discussed.The results showed that through the summary and reflection on breeding objectives and strategies,and improvement and optimization of breeding techniques and methods,as well as adjustment and simplification of experimental design and implementation,the breeding cost would be greatly reduced,and the breeding efficiency would be improved.

翻译原型论视角的老子哲学术语英译研究——以名词“道”译作way的理据为例

老子哲学术语的翻译极具挑战,其《道德经》中核心概念名词"道"的英译多样,至今争议不断。根据可见文献170余篇《道德经》英译文来看,其中共有61个不同时期的译本使用way一词来翻译"道",而国内译界对此多持否定态度。本文在翻译原型论观照下探究"道"译作way的理据,基于翻译原型样例观及原型整合性等来阐释以way译"道"的合理性,以此彰显原型论途径的翻译研究对以老子哲学为代表的传统哲学术语翻译多样性的解释力。

中枢神经系统5-羟色胺受体显像剂WAY类似物的研究进展

阐述了 WAY类似物在中枢神经系统 5-羟色胺 (5- HT)受体显像剂方面的研究状况 ,介绍了这类化合物在中枢神经系统 5- HT受体显像剂方面的优越性 ,并对 99Tcm 标记

Way to Push Ahead Corporate Social Responsibility Report System in China

According to the analysis and statistics of relevant institution, it is a prominent problem that CSR reports generally become a mere formality. Through the analysis on the causes, it finds that it is inevitable for the phenomenon. Thus, we proposed to improve the cultivation mechanism of corporate responsibility by ex- panding and advancing the subject and the object, as well as the contents, of fi- nancial analysis in order to push ahead with CSR report in China.

X-Ways Forensics在电子数据司法鉴定中的应用

通过介绍几种常用的电子数据司法鉴定工具的发展概况和特点,并对X-Ways Forensics的磁盘快照等功能,在电子数据司法鉴定工作中的应用进行了阐述。

Way构式翻译研究

为了解英语way构式表达的运动事件概念语义编码到汉语的过程以及在表达相同的概念语义时,英汉语的编码方式存在的差异,首先尝试对way构式进行语义分析,然后在DECPC英汉翻译历时语料库和ECPCC英汉双语平行语料库中观察其处理方式。结果表明:当way构式表达手段义和方式义时,汉语译文倾向于运用分析式表达事件语义;而当way构式表达目标义或获得义时,汉语译文经常用结果复合动词表达目标义或获得义。

An Uncertainty Assessment Approach for Measuring Flatness Error in Close Way

It is necessary for precise measurement to estimate the uncertainty of measurement result. When measuring flatness error in close way by pitch, usually the uncertainty of measurement result is independently estimated according to pitch points. By analyzing a concrete example, this paper proposed that the uncertainty should be evaluated by the correlation calculating method. This approach greatly improved the deficiencies of the assessment method according to independent measurement and enhanced measurement precision. It provides a reference value for uncertainty assessment in leveling a flat.

双光子“which way”干涉实验

干涉源于不可分辨 ,可分辨性会导致干涉条纹的下降。在我们进行的双光子“whichway”干涉实验中 ,我们用偏振自由度标记参量下转换产生的两个光子经过的路径。这一标记会导致光子经过的路径可区分性的变化 ,从而导致干涉可见度的变化。实验证实了这一推断。