Effects of propofol versus urapidil on perioperative hemodynamics and intraocular pressure during anesthesia and extubation in ophthalmic patients

AIM: To compare the effect of propofol versus urapidil on hemodynamics and intraocular pressure during anesthesia and extubation for ophthalmic patients. METHODS: Eighty-two surgical patients (Class: ASA I-II) were randomly assigned to propofol (n = 41) and urapidil groups (n = 41). Their gender, age, body mass, operation time and dosage of anesthetics had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The patients of propofol and urapidil groups were given propofol (1.5mg/kg) and urapidil (2.5mg/kg) respectively; and two drugs were all diluted with normal saline to 8mL. Then the drugs were given to patients by slow intravenous injection. After treatment, the patients were conducted immediate suction, tracheal extubation, and then patients wore oxygen masks for 10 minutes. By double-blind methods, before the induction medication, at the suction, and 5, 10 minutes after the extubation, we recorded the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), pH, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO(2) and intraocular pressure (TOP) respectively. The complete recovery time of the patients with restlessness (on the command they could open eyes and shaking hands) was also recorded during the extubation. The data were analyzed by using a professional SPSS 15.0 statistical software. RESULTS: The incidence of cough, restlessness and glossocoma was significantly lower in the propofol group than that in the urapidil group after extubation (P < 0.05). There were no episodes of hypotension, laryngospasm, or severe respiratory depression. There was no statistical difference in recovery time between two groups (P > 0.05). In propofol group, the BP and HR during extubation and thereafter had no significant difference compared with those before induction, while they were significantly lower than those before giving propofol (P < 0.05), and had significant difference compared with those in urapidil group (P < 0.05). Compared to preinduction, the BP of urapidil group showed no obvious increase during aspiration and extubation. The HR of urapidil group had little changes after being given urapidil, and it was obviously increased compared with that before induction. The stimulation of aspiration and extubation caused less cough and agitation in propofol group than that in urapidil group (P < 0.05). The IOP of propofol group showed no obvious increase during extubation compared with that in preinduction, while in the urpidil group, extubation caused IOP significantly increased (P < 0.05). The changes in these indicators between the two groups had no significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared to urapidil, propofol is superior for preventing the cardiovascular and stress responses and IOP increases during emergence and extubation for the ophthalmic patients. Moreover, it has no effects on patient's recovery.

Clinical practice of early extubation after liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: Anesthetic practices such as early tracheal extubation facilitate postoperative recovery. Early extubation after liver transplantation has been adopted by some centers in the recent two decades. No universal clinical guidelines are used and questions remain. This review aimed to address the current status of early extubation after liver transplantation. DATA SOURCES: A literature search of MEDLINE and ISI Web of Knowledge databases was performed using terms such as liver transplantation, early extubation, immediate tracheal extubation fast tracking or fast track anesthesia and postoperative tracheal extubation. Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references in the key articles. RESULTS: Review of the available literature provided an insight into the definition, evolution, advantages and risks of early extubation, and anesthetic techniques that prompt early extubation in liver transplant patients. Early extubation has proved to be feasible and safe in these patients, but the outcomes are still uncertain. CONCLUSIONS: Early extubation after liver transplantation is feasible, safe and cost-effective in the majority of patients and has been increasingly accepted as an option for conventional postoperative ventilation. Comprehensive and individualized evaluation of the patient’s condition before extubation by an experienced anesthesiologist is the cornerstone of success Understanding of its effect on the outcome remains incomplete In the future, additional trials are required to establish universal early extubation guidelines and to determine its benefits for patients and practitioners.

High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation for preventing extubation failure during weaning from mechanical ventilation assessed by lung ultrasound score: A single-center randomized study

BACKGROUND: We sought to demonstrate the superiority of a targeted therapy strategy involving high-flow nasal cannula oxygen(HFNCO_(2)) therapy and noninvasive ventilation(NIV) using lung ultrasound score(LUS) in comparison with standard care among patients in the intensive care unit(ICU) who undergo successful weaning to decrease the incidence of extubation failure at both 48 hours and seven days.METHODS: During the study period, 98 patients were enrolled in the study, including 49 in the control group and 49 in the treatment group. Patients in the control group and patients with an LUS score <14 points(at low risk of extubation failure) in the treatment group were extubated and received standard preventive care without NIV or HFNCO_(2). Patients with an LUS score ≥14 points(at high risk of extubation failure) in the treatment group were extubated with a second review of the therapeutic optimization to identify and address any persisting risk factors for postextubation respiratory distress;patients received HFNCO2 therapy combined with sessions of preventive NIV(4-8 hours per day for 4-8 sessions total) for the first 48 hours after extubation.RESULTS: In the control group, 13 patients had the LUS scores ≥14 points, while 36 patients had scores <14 points. In the treatment group, 16 patients had the LUS scores ≥14 points, while 33 patients had scores <14 points. Among patients with the LUS score ≥14 points, the extubation failure rate within 48 hours was 30.8% in the control group and 12.5% in the treatment group, constituting a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Conversely, among patients with an LUS score <14 points, 13.9% in the control group and 9.1% in the treatment group experienced extubation failure(P=0.61). The length of ICU stay(9.4±3.1 days vs. 7.2±2.4 days) was significantly different and the re-intubation rate(at 48 hours: 18.4% vs. 10.2%;seven days: 22.4% vs. 12.2%) significantly varied between the two groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the 28-day mortality rate(6.1% vs. 8.2%) between the control and treatment groups.CONCLUSIONS: Among high-risk adults being weaned from mechanical ventilation and assessed by LUS, the NIV+HFNCO_(2) protocol does not lessen the mortality rate but reduce the length of ICU stay, the rate of extubation failure at both 48 hours and seven days.

Predictive value of the unplanned extubation risk assessment scale in hospitalized patients with tubes

BACKGROUND Critical patients often had various types of tubes,unplanned extubation of any kind of tube may cause serious injury to the patient,but previous reports mainly focused on endotracheal intubation.The limitations or incorrect use of the unplanned extubation risk assessment tool may lead to improper identification of patients at a high risk of unplanned extubation and cause delay or nonimplementation of unplanned extubation prevention interventions.To effectively identify and manage the risk of unplanned extubation,a comprehensive and universal unplanned extubation risk assessment tool is needed.AIM To assess the predictive value of the Huaxi Unplanned Extubation Risk Assessment Scale in inpatients.METHODS This was a retrospective validation study.In this study,medical records were extracted between October 2020 and September 2021 from a tertiary comprehensive hospital in southwest China.For patients with tubes during hospitalization,the following information was extracted from the hospital information system:age,sex,admission mode,education,marital status,number of tubes,discharge mode,unplanned extubation occurrence,and the Huaxi Unplanned Extubation Risk Assessment Scale(HUERAS)score.Only inpatients were included,and those with indwelling needles were excluded.The best cut-off value and the area under the curve(AUC)of the Huaxi Unplanned Extubation Risk Assessment Scale were been identified.RESULTS A total of 76033 inpatients with indwelling tubes were included in this study,and 26 unplanned extubations occurred.The patients’HUERAS scores were between 11 and 30,with an average score of 17.25±3.73.The scores of patients with or without unplanned extubation were 22.85±3.28 and 17.25±3.73,respectively(P<0.001).The results of the correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between each characteristic and the total score ranged from 0.183 to 0.843.The best cut-off value was 21,and there were 14135 patients with a high risk of unplanned extubation,accounting for 18.59%.The Cronbach’sα,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of the Huaxi Unplanned Extubation Risk Assessment Scale were 0.815,84.62%,81.43%,0.16%,and 99.99%,respectively.The AUC of HUERAS was 0.851(95%CI:0.783-0.919,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The HUERAS has good reliability and predictive validity.It can effectively identify inpatients at a high risk of unplanned extubation and help clinical nurses carry out risk screening and management.

A Comparative Study between Dexmedetomidine Alone versus Combined Low Dose of Dexmedetomidine and Lidocaine for the Hemodynamic Response to Endotracheal Extubation in Patient Undergoing Abdominal Surgery—A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Background: Tracheal extubation is related to many side effects of hemodynamic, especially for patients with comorbid states. The study compared the validity of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg and low combination dose of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg plus Lidocaine 1 mg/kg in softening hemodynamic stress response and estimated quality of extubation in study groups. Materials and Methods: The patients in our study, one hundred and fifty of both gender, ASA class I &II patients, aged 20 - 50 years old subject to elective abdominal operations under general anesthesia were allocated into three equal groups. Anesthetic technique was standardized. Before extubation by 10 minutes, the patients in Group N, D, and DL have given 0.9% normal Saline intravenous bolus infusion, dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg and Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg, respectively within a 10-minute period. Before complete extubation by 90 seconds, in the three groups by syringe ten cc volumes and at time of extubation, Group N and D patients received 0.9% normal Saline intravenous bolus infusion, but in Group DL received Lidocaine 1 mg/kg then extubation completed. Heart rate (HR), Diastolic BP (DBP), Systolic BP (SBP), and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) were noted at baseline, at the reverse, extubation, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 min and at the regular times after that for two hours. Extubation quality was assessed by extubation quality scale. Aldrete’s recovery score and Ramsay sedation score were also recorded and also any complications were noted and recorded. Results: All the hemodynamic parameters significantly elevated extubation and numerous periods of observation in the normal saline group than dexmedetomidine and dexmedetomidine plus Lidocaine group (p-value = 0.001). Response of tachycardia was seen in 41 (82%) in patients of N group, compared to 18 (36%) and 20 (40%) in D & DL group respectively (p = 0.001). Hypertensive response statistically significant noticed in 40 (80%) patients of N group, 9 (18%) of D group and 12 (24%) of DL group (p = 0.001). Tachycardia duration and the response of hypertension were significantly prolonged in the control group. As regards extubation quality, the three groups differed in D Groups (1.93 ± 0.57) and DL (1.51 ± 0.57) had decreased scores compared to group N (2.67 ± 0.48) modulating smoother extubation (p Conclusion: Low combined dose of (Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg plus Lidocaine 1 mg/kg) IV was useful as much as Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg IV in softening hemodynamic stress responses during emergence.

Fast Track Extubation Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: A Retrospective Review of Predictors of Clinical Outcomes

Introduction: Fast track (FT) cardiac surgery and early extubation (EE) are aimed at safe and effective rapid post-operative progression to discharge, and have been practiced for more than two decades. Their goal is to optimize patient care perioperatively in order to decrease costs without negatively affecting morbidity and mortality. However, the factors that predict successful EE are poorly understood, and patients with significant co-morbidities are frequently excluded from protocols. We hypothesize that independent of disease severity, early extubation leads to shorter hospital stays and can be performed safely without negatively affecting outcomes. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 919 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at the Southern Arizona Veteran’s Affairs Health Care System medical center over 7 years. We collected pre-operative data regarding patients’ NYHA classification, presence and severity of cerebral vascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes and hypertension. Intra-operative variables were also recorded including ASA scores, ischemic times, and time to extubation. Finally, post-operative variables such as rates of reintubation and tracheotomy, and both length of ICU and total hospital stay were also compared. Results: Prolonged periods of ischemia were found to predict a delayed extubation (HR = 0.992;CI = 0.988 - 0.997, p = 0.0015) while small body surface area (HR = 1.57;CI = 1.13, 2.17, p = 0.007) and higher pre-operative functional status of the patient, such as independent versus dependent status (HR =1.68;CI = 1.30 - 2.16, p = 1.33;CI = 1.03 - 1.70, p = 0.03) were found to be associated with earlier extubation. The early extubation (EE) group (those extubated in less than the median 7.3 hours) had an average hospital stay of 5.1 ± 4.0 days, versus 7.8 ± 8.1 days in the delayed group (>4 hours), p Conclusions: In our study population, pre-operative functional class and total body surface area predicted those patients able to tolerate early extubation after cardiac surgery. Prolonged ischemia resulted in delayed extubation. Patients that were extubated in less than 4 hours had shorter ICU and hospitalization stays, while there was no significant difference between the two groups in rate of reintubation or tracheotomy.

Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema on Extubation of a 9-Month-Old Baby Boy

Background: Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema (NPPE) is an uncommon, but well recognized clinical entity that continues to be reported as a complication of upper airway obstructions during induction or emergence. It results from the negative intrathoracic pressure generated with spontaneous ventilation with concurrent upper airway obstruction. Aim: To present an unusual case of NPPE and review the pathophysiology and treatment. Case: It usually occurs in young healthy athletic adults. We are reporting NPPE in a nine-month-old ex-premature baby. We discuss his intraoperative events leading to NPPE, subsequent intraoperative course and treatment. Conclusion: NPPE needs to be promptly recognized and treated. If the edema resolves, the patient can be successfully extubated, but should be observed overnight.

Implementation of a nurse-led protocol for early extubation after cardiac surgery: A pilot study

BACKGROUND Protocols for nurse-led extubation are as safe as a physician-guided weaning in general intensive care unit(ICU).Early extubation is a cornerstone of fast-track cardiac surgery,and it has been mainly implemented in post-anaesthesia care units.Introducing a nurse-led extubation protocol may lead to reduced extubation time.AIM To investigate results of the implementation of a nurse-led protocol for early extubation after elective cardiac surgery,aiming at higher extubation rates by the third postoperative hour.METHODS A single centre prospective study in an 18-bed,consultant-led Cardiothoracic ICU,with a 1:1 nurse-to-patient ratio.During a 3-wk period,the protocol was implemented with:(1)Structured teaching sessions at nurse handover and at bed-space(all staff received teaching,over 90%were exposed at least twice;(2)Email;and(3)Laminated sheets at bed-space.We compared“standard practice”and“intervention”periods before and after the protocol implementation,measuring extubation rates at several time-points from the third until the 24th postoperative hour.RESULTS Of 122 cardiac surgery patients admitted to ICU,13 were excluded as early weaning was considered unsafe.Therefore,109 patients were included,54 in the standard and 55 in the intervention period.Types of surgical interventions and baseline left ventricular function were similar between groups.From the third to the 12th post-operative hour,the intervention group displayed a higher proportion of patients extubated compared to the standard group.However,results were significant only at the sixth hour(58%vs 37%,P=0.04),and not different at the third hour(13%vs 6%,P=0.33).From the 12th post-operative hour time-point onward,extubation rates became almost identical between groups(83%in standard vs 83%in intervention period).CONCLUSION The implementation of a nurse-led protocol for early extubation after cardiac surgery in ICU may gradually lead to higher rates of early extubation.

Combined Echocardiography and Lung Ultrasound for Extubation Outcome Prediction in Children after Cardiac Surgery

Background:Children are at risk of extubation failure after congenital heart disease surgery.Such cases should be identified to avoid possible adverse consequences of failed extubation.This study aimed to identify ultrasound predictors of successful extubation in children who underwent cardiac surgery.Methods:Children aged 3 months to 6 years who underwent cardiac surgery(if they were intubated for>6 h and underwent a spontaneous breathing trial)were included in this study.Results:We included 83 children who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease.Transthoracic echocardiography and lung ultrasound were performed immediately before spontaneous breathing trials.Upon spontaneous breathing trial completion,respiratory parameters,including arterial blood gas analysis and frequency-to-tidal volume ratio,were similarly recorded.For outcome assessment,all children were followed up for 48 h after extubation.We successfully extubated 57 children(68.7%).These children were significantly older and weighed more but had shorter aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times.Children who could not be weaned or extubated had prolonged total mechanical ventilation and pediatric intensive care unit stay.In the multivariate regression analysis,a lung ultrasound score≥12 and ejection fraction≥40%immediately before spontaneous breathing trials were the only independent predictors of successful extubation.When combined,the lung ultrasound score and an ejection fraction≥40%showed a better diagnostic performance than every other isolated variable(lung ultrasound,N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,and frequency-to-tidal volume ratio).Conclusions:The combination of lung ultrasound and transthoracic echocardiography immediately before the spontaneous breathing trial effectively predicts extubation outcomes in children after cardiac surgery.

Reducing the Rate of Unplanned Extubation of Venous Access in Perioperative Patients

Objective:To investigate the application effect of quality control circle activities in reducing the rate of unplanned extubation of venous access in perioperative patients.Methods:The quality control circle method was used to analyze the causes,identify the actual causes of unplanned out-of-control,take corresponding measures,formulate corresponding countermeasures,implement standardized management,and carry out continuous improvement.Results:Following the implementation of quality control circle activities,the rate of unplanned extubation of venous access in perioperative patients decreased from 27.35%before improvement to 3.42%after improvement.Conclusion:The use of quality control circle activities in the safety management of venous access in perioperative patients is conducive to reducing the rate of unplanned extubation of venous access in perioperative patients.

个性化呼吸训练对脑卒中后气管切开患者肺功能的影响

目的:观察个性化呼吸训练对脑卒中后气管切开患者肺功能的影响。方法:将符合纳入标准的52例脑卒中后气管切开患者分为对照组和干预组,每组26例,在观察期间对照组和干预组各有1例患者脱落。对照组在常规康复的基础上给予体位引流结合震动排痰,干预组在对照组的基础上给予个性化呼吸训练。观察周期为6周,对比两组患者的肺功能、膈肌移动度、膈肌增厚率、拔管时间及拔管成功率的情况。结果:训练前两组患者的肺功能指标(FVC、FEV1及PEF)、膈肌活动度(DE_(q)、DE_(d))、膈肌增厚率(DTF)均无明显差异(P>0.05);训练6周后,两组患者的FVC、FEV1、PEF、DE_(q)、DE_(d)及DTF均较训练前明显提高(P<0.05);且干预组较对照组提高更明显(P<0.05);干预组的拔管时间比对照组明显缩短(P<0.05);且干预组的拔管成功率为92%,明显高于对照组的68.0%,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:个性化呼吸训练能更有效地改善脑卒中后气管切开患者的肺功能,缩短气管套管的拔除时间,提高拔管的成功率。

儿童法洛四联症根治术后延迟拔管的危险因素分析

目的分析法洛四联症(TOF)患儿根治术后延迟拔管的危险因素。方法入选2018年1月至2021年12月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院小儿心脏中心确诊为TOF的287例患儿作为研究对象,按机械通气时间是否≥49 h(中位数)分为正常拔管组(144例)和延迟拔管组(143例)。收集2组病例围手术期临床资料行对比分析,探索影响机械通气时间的单因素变量,再行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果所有患儿均接受根治手术,机械通气时间49(24,93)h。2组患儿的年龄、体重、体表面积、术前脉搏血氧饱和度、Mcgoon比值、超声测得肺动脉指数、术前侧支封堵比例、跨瓣环补片手术比例、体外循环时间、升主动脉阻断时间、重症监护病房住院时间、术后毛细血管渗漏综合征(CLS)发生率、术后严重不良事件发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前行侧支封堵(比值比=2.896)、术后出现CLS(比值比=6.610)、行跨环补片根治术(比值比=1.800)、体重较小(比值比=0.959)均是TOF患儿术后延迟拔管的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论术前行侧支封堵、术后出现CLS、行跨环补片根治术、体重较小是TOF患儿术后延迟拔管的独立危险因素。

智能报警气管导管防滑脱装置的设计及应用

目的:设计智能报警气管导管防滑脱装置,并评价其临床应用效果。方法:选取2022年4月-5月镇江市某三级甲等医院恢复室收治的172例全身麻醉手术病人作为研究对象,将2022年4月的86例全身麻醉气管插管病人作为对照组,将2022年5月的86例全身麻醉气管插管病人作为观察组。对照组按照常规的气管插管方法协助置管及护理,观察组应用智能报警气管导管防滑脱装置协助气管导管固定。对两组病人气管导管移位或脱出情况、病人面部皮肤情况、病人咽喉痛发生情况及护士满意度进行比较。结果:观察组病人气管导管移位或脱出风险小于对照组,面部皮肤并发症发生率、咽喉痛程度低于对照组,护士满意度高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:使用智能报警气管导管防滑脱装置可减少病人气管导管移位或脱出,降低病人皮肤并发症发生率、咽喉痛程度,提高护士满意度。

集束化护理策略在神经重症气管插管患者围拔管期的应用效果

目的 探究集束化护理策略在神经重症气管插管患者围拔管期的应用效果。方法 选取2021年1~12月宁夏医科大学总医院神经重症监护病房(NCU)收治的83例患者作为对照组,另选取2022年1~12月收治的120例患者作为研究组。在围拔管期,对照组和研究组分别采用常规护理和集束化护理策略。比较2组的拔管成功率、恢复时间和拔管后不良反应发生率。结果 研究组的拔管成功率高于对照组,拔管后不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P均<0.05)。研究组的通气功能改善时间早于对照组,机械通气治疗时间、带管至拔管时间、NCU入住时间和总住院时间均短于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论 在NCU患者围气管拔管期应用集束化护理策略,可提高拔管成功率,降低拔管后不良反应发生率,缩短其恢复时间。

基于随机森林算法建立非急诊大手术后延迟拔管的预测模型

目的基于随机森林算法分析非急诊大手术后延迟拔管的影响因素,建立并验证术后延迟拔管的预测模型。方法回顾性收集2018年1月至2022年12月全麻下行非急诊大手术的7528例患者的临床资料。根据术后2 h内是否拔管,将患者分为两组:非延迟拔管组(≤2 h)和延迟拔管组(>2 h)。将患者按照7∶3分为训练集和验证集,通过LASSO回归、Logistic回归筛选术后延迟拔管的预测因素,采用随机森林算法建立并验证预测模型。结果有123例(1.6%)出现术后延迟拔管。ASA分级、科室、术中使用氟比洛芬酯、右美托咪定、激素、术中出现低钙血症、重度贫血、术中输血、气道痉挛是术后延迟拔管的独立预测因素。基于随机森林算法建立的预测模型在验证集中的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.751(95%CI 0.742~0.778),敏感性98.1%,特异性41.9%。结论基于随机森林算法建立的非急诊大手术后拔管延迟的预测模型具有较好的预测性能,利用该模型有助于预防非急诊大手术后延迟拔管。

LISA技术与INSURE技术治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的效果比较

目的:探讨微创注入肺表面活性物质(less invasive surfactant administration,LISA)与气管插管-肺表面活性物质-拔管(intubation-surfactant-extubate,INSURE)两种不同给药方法在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年1月1日—2022年8月31日江西省儿童医院收治的55例NRDS患儿,运用随机数字表法,分为LISA组(给予LISA技术,n=29)和INSURE组(给予INSURE技术,n=26)。比较两组治疗相关指标、并发症发生情况。结果:两组二次牛肺表面活性剂(CPS)使用率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LISA组72 h内有创机械通气治疗率低于INSURE组,机械通气时间、总用氧时间及住院时间均短于INSURE组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LISA组支气管肺发育不良(BPD)和早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)发生率均低于INSUR组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组其他并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与INSURE技术相比,LISA技术治疗早产儿RDS,能有效降低有创机械通气率,缩短用氧时间,并减少BPD及ROP的发生。

气管插管患者拔管后吞咽障碍研究热点的可视化分析

目的 分析气管插管患者拔管后吞咽障碍相关研究的热点及发展趋势。方法 系统检索中国知网、Web of Science数据库中关于气管插管患者拔管后吞咽障碍的研究,运用CiteSpace 5.8R3可视化软件对文献进行分析。结果共纳入中文文献119篇,英文文献408篇,发文量总体呈上升趋势。关键词分析发现,研究热点主要集中在并发症、风险因素、筛查与管理等方面,中文文献形成吞咽障碍、危险因素、气管插管、误吸、营养、吞咽评估共6个聚类,英文文献形成dysphagia(吞咽障碍)、airway management(气道管理)、management(管理)、endotracheal intubation(气管插管)、muscle skeletal(肌肉骨骼)、aspiration(误吸)、cardiac surgery(心脏手术)共7个聚类;关键词突现分析发现,并发症管理和症状评估是拔管后吞咽障碍的研究前沿。结论 气管插管患者拔管后吞咽障碍聚焦于重症、心脏外科术后及颈椎骨折的患者,中英文文献的研究主题及类型存在差异,护理在拔管后吞咽障碍管理中起到重要作用。我国护理工作者今后应借鉴国外经验,以提升患者经口进食的安全性、促进早期恢复经口进食为目的,开发具有特异性的评估工具,制订规范化拔管后吞咽评估与管理流程。

基于护理风险管理理论的康复科鼻饲患者非计划性拔管风险评估指标体系构建

目的构建科学的康复科鼻饲患者非计划性拔管(UEX)风险指标体系,为预防鼻饲患者非计划性拔管提供依据。方法通过文献回顾制定出康复科鼻饲患者UEX风险评估指标体系初稿,并应用德尔菲法对17名专家进行2轮函询,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重。结果2轮专家问卷回收有效率分别为100%、94.1%,专家权威程度分别为0.94、0.91,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.558和0.534(均P<0.001),最终形成康复科鼻饲患者UEX风险指标体系,包括一级指标3项,二级指标24项,三级指标60项。结论基于德尔菲法的康复科鼻饲患者UEX风险指标体系具有科学性和合理性,对指引临床工作具有重要意义。

双腔气管插管患者术后咽喉痛的危险因素分析

【目的】探讨拔管力等因素是否是双腔气管插管术后咽喉痛的危险因素。【方法】这是一项随机对照试验的事后分析。本研究收集18~65岁,ASAI-Ⅲ级的双腔气管插管患者围术期资料,记录性别、年龄、吸烟史、导管直径、导管留置时间、舒芬太尼用量、是否使用氟比洛芬酯、是否拔管时呛咳等。拔管时使用测力计测量拔除导管所需的力。根据术后是否发生咽喉痛分为咽喉痛组和无咽喉痛组。对两组资料进行组间比较和多因素logistic回归分析,筛选术后咽喉痛的危险因素。使用ROC曲线预测危险因素的预测效应。【结果】最终纳入163例患者,拔管后30 min有74例(45.4%)患者发生术后咽喉痛,89例(54.6%)患者未发生术后咽喉痛。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示女性[OR95%CI=3.83(1.73,8.50),P=0.0001]和拔管力增大[OR95%CI=1.78(1.45,2.20),P<0.001]是术后咽喉痛的独立危险因素。拔管力预测术后咽喉痛的AUC曲线为0.773[95%CI(0.701,0.846),P<0.001];当约登指数为0.447时,拔管力的最佳临界点是13N。【结论】女性和拔管力是双腔气管插管全身麻醉术后咽喉痛的独立危险因素。

ICU成人气管插管患者围拔管期管理的最佳证据总结

目的全面检索并汇总ICU成人气管插管患者围拔管期管理的最佳证据总结,为临床医护人员提供参考。方法系统检索UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所网站、苏格兰院际指南网、国际指南协作网、美国国立指南库、加拿大安大略注册护士协会网站、美国重症医学会网站、欧洲重症医学会网站、医脉通指南网、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、CINAHL、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、维普网、万方数据库中有关ICU成人气管插管患者围拔管期的临床决策、指南、证据总结、系统评价及专家共识等,检索时限为建库至2023年3月,由4名研究者对符合纳入标准的文献进行质量评价及证据提取。结果最终纳入16篇文献,其中临床决策5篇、指南10篇、系统评价1篇。包括拔管前(拔管前评估、制订计划、准备度测试)、拔管中、拔管后(密切监测、特殊人群、重新进食)3个主题、6个副主题、28条最佳证据。结论该研究汇总的最佳证据可为医护人员高效管理拔管失败高危人群及规范围拔管期护理提供参考,临床实践中需结合具体情况,针对性地选择应用证据,以改善患者预后,提升护理质量。