Design of non-polarizing thin film edge filters

The separation between s- and p-polarization components invariably affects thin film edge filters used for tilted incidence and is a difficult problem for many applications, especially for optical communication. This paper presents a novel design method to obtain edge filters with non-polarization at incidence angle of 45°. The polarization separation at 50% trans-mittance for a long-wave-pass filter and a short-wave-pass filter is 0.3 nm and 0.1 nm respectively. The design method is based on a broadband Fabry-Perot thin-film interference filter in which the higher or lower interference band at both sides of the main transmittance peak can be used for initial design of long-wave-pass filter or short-wave-pass filter and then can be refined to reduce the transmittance ripples. The spacer 2H2L2H or 2L2H2L of the filter is usually taken. Moreover, the method for expanding the bandwidth of rejection and transmission is explained. The bandwidth of 200 nm for both rejection region and transmission band is obtained at wavelength 1550 nm. In this way, the long-wave-pass and short-wave-pass edge filters with zero separation between two polarization components can easily be fabricated.

Broadband non-polarizing beam splitter based on guided mode resonance effect

A broadband non-polarizing beam splitter （NPBS） operating in the telecommunication C＋L band is designed by using the guided mode resonance effect of periodic silicon-on-insulator （SOI） elements. It is shown that this double layer SOI structure can provide ~50/50 beam ratio with the maximum divergences between reflection and transmission being less than 8% over the spectrum of 1.4μm-l.7 μm and i% in the telecommunication band for both TE and TM polarizations. The physical basis of this broadband non-polarizing property is on the simultaneous excitation of the TE and TM strong modulation waveguide modes near the designed spectrum band. Meanwhile, the electric field distributions for both TE and TM polarizations verify the resonant origin of spectrum in the periodic SOI structure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated with our calculations that the beam splitter proposed here is tolerant to the deviations of incident angle and structure parameters, which make it very easy to be fabricated with current IC technology.

Effects of Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio on species diffusion anisotropy inthe MOCVD growth of non-polar a-plane GaN films

Non-polar a-plane （1120） GaN films have been grown on r-plane （1102） sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The influences of V/III ratio on the species diffusion anisotropy of a-plane GaN films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence and high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements. The anisotropy of a-plane GaN films may result from the different migration length of adatoms along two in-plane directions. V/III ratio has an effect on the growth rates of different facets and crystal quality. The stripe feature morphology was obviously observed in the film with a high V/III ratio because of the slow growth rate along the [1100] direction. When the V/III ratio increased from 1000 to 6000, the in-plane crystal quality anisotropy was decreased due to the weakened predominance in migration length of gallium adatoms.

Theoretical analysis of semi/non-polar In GaN/GaN light-emitting diodes grown on silicon substrates

A theoretical study of polar and semi/non-polar InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes（LEDs） with different internal surface polarization charges, which can be grown on Si substrates, is conducted by using APSYS software. In comparison with polar structure LEDs, the semi-polar structure exhibits a higher concentration of electrons and holes and radiative recombination rate, and its reduced built-in polarization field weakens the extent of band bending which causes the shift of peak emission wavelength. So the efficiency droop of semi-polar InGaN/GaN LEDs declines obviously and the optical power is significantly improved. In comparison with non-polar structure LEDs, although the concentration of holes and electrons as well as the radiative recombination rate of the semi-polar structure are better in the last two quantum wells（QWs） approaching the p-Ga N side, the uniformity of distribution of carriers and radiative recombination rate for the nonpolar structure is better. So the theoretical analysis indicates that the removal of the internal polarization field in the MQWs active regions for non-polar structure LEDs contributes to the uniform distribution of electrons and holes, and decreases the electron leakage. Thus it enhances the radiative recombination rate, and further improves the IQEs and optical powers, and shows the best photoelectric properties among these three structures.

Study on Surface Properties for Non-polar Fluids with Density Functional Theory

The density functional theory, simplified by the local density approximation and mean-field approxi-mation, is applied to study the surface properties of pure non-polar fluids. A reasonable long rang correction is adopted to avoid the truncation of the potential. The perturbation theory is applied to establish the equation for the phase equilibrium, in which the hard-core chain fluid is as the reference fluid and the Yukawa potential is used as the perturbation term. Three parameters, ε/κ, d and ms, are regressed frorn the vapor-liquid equilibria, and the surface properties, including density profile, surface tension and local surface tension profile are predicted with these parameters.

The Up-conversion Laser Properties of a Non-polar Organic Dye and the Influence of Solvents and Pumping Wavelengths

A non-polar organic dye, E, E-1, 4-bis[4＇-（N,N-dibutylamino）styryl]-2,5-dimethoxybenzene （DBASDMB）, has been synthesized and characterized, and its structure has been determined. Pumped with a 200fs pulse this dye showed the up-conversion laser properties. The influences of various organic solvents and different pumping wavelength on the laser properties have been demonstrated.

Morphological and Microstructural Evolution and Related Impurity Incorporation in Non-Polar a-Plane GaN Grown on r-Sapphire Substrates

Effects of the growth temperature on morphological and microstructural evolution of a-plane GaN films grown on r-plane sapphires by metal organic chemical vapor deposition are investigated by atomic force microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy （SIMS）. Surface morphology, structural quality and related impurity incorpora- tion are very sensitive to the growth temperature. A significant difference of yellow luminescence is observed and attributed to the incorporation of carbon into GaN films, which is confirmed by SIMS analysis. Our results show that the sample with triangular-pit morphology has sample with pentagon-like pit morphology, which is significantly higher concentrations of oxygen than the other induced by the existence of an N-face in triangular pits.

Evaluation of the Equality of Non-Polar Capillary Columns in GC/MS Analysis of Food Contact Plastics

Non-polar capillary columns for GC/MS are widely utilized in the analysis of additives for food contact materials. Though various kinds of non-polar capillary columns are commercially available, the equality of their performance has not been verified. Herein, ninety-six additives for food contact plastics were analyzed using fifteen kinds of columns, and the peak separation, retention times, and peak areas of each additive were compared. The additives, with various chemical properties, comprised forty four plasticizers, twenty lubricants, twenty antioxidants, nine ultraviolet absorbers, and three other compounds. 10 μg.mL-1 test solutions were prepared in acetone, and injected to the GC/MS. The fifteen columns were classified into five categories based on the chromatogram pattern and peak separation. To facilitate comparison of the retention time and detection sensitivity of the columns for the additives, the relative retention time (RRT) and relative peak area (RPA) were calculated by using dibutylphthalate or 4-tert-butylphenylsalicylate as an internal standard. The RRTs of the additives on each column were essentially similar. However, the RRT of the additives which were detected in the later stages differed slightly. Although the RPA of the plasticizers and lubricants were roughly similar, column-to-column differences were observed for certain additives, such as antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers. Furthermore, certain fatty acids, antioxidants, two plasticizers, and two benzophenone type ultraviolet absorbers were not detected in the chromatograms of two columns.

Effect of Kombucha and Its Non-Polar Components on Morphological Aspects of the Pancreas of Diabetic Rats with Streptozotocin

Objective: to evaluate the protective effect of kombucha and its components not polar, in pancreas of diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin. Material and methods: ninety-six male Wistar rats of 120 to 170 g of PC were used;four groups of 24 animals were formed: control (GC), control treatment (GCTx), kombucha treatment (GTxK) and treatment with non-polar components of kombucha (GTxCNP). Diabetes was induced in the last three groups with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 65 mg/kg BW. At the same time, treatment was started in the different groups;GC and GCTx groups were administered, orally, 1 ml of sterile saline solution;to the GTxK group 324 mg/kg of kombucha;and to GTxCNP 0.006 mg/kg of the non-polar components. For the histopathological study, pancreas samples were obtained on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 and fixed in formalin. They were processed with the histological technique, 5-micron-thick sections were made and stained with the hematoxylin-eosin technique. Finally, the number of islets of Langerhans per field observed with the 10x objective was quantified. The results were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p Results: Significant changes in the number of islets were observed in histological sections of the pancreas. The groups treated with streptozotocin showed a significant decrease in the number of islets 7 days after starting treatment;Likewise, their number was lower in the GCTx group compared to the GTxK and GTxCNP groups (p ≤ 0.05). At 14 and 21 days, the lowest number of islets was maintained, although only in the GCTx and GTxK groups (p ≤ 0.05). Streptozotocin is a drug that can be used in rats to induce an experimental model of diabetes with an effect that can last up to 21 days. Conclusions: This fermented beverage and its non-polar components can be a complementary treatment alternative for diabetes mellitus, since it prevents further damage to the β cells of the pancreas and the Islets of Langerhans. Specific additional studies on the main, non-polar components of kombucha are suggested to know the mechanism of protection on pancreatic islets.

巧用体力与面力的变换求解非常体力弹性力学问题

在弹性力学问题的求解中,考虑体力的计算比考虑面力的计算要复杂很多,而且在力学实验中模拟体力的载荷条件通常也比较困难。因此,将体力转化为面力,可以简化弹性力学问题的求解,并且对于实验设计,也可提供极大的方便。本文以两个典型平面问题为例,分别探讨了在直角坐标系和极坐标系下对非常体力的处理方法,为实验的设计提供了新的思路,有助于学生灵活运用弹性力学理论解决实际工程问题,具有一定的工程应用价值和教学实践意义。

溶剂加盐对分离非极性体系的影响

以C4为例利用无限稀释相对挥发度的试验测定结果 ,研究加盐萃取精馏分离非极性体系的影响规律。试验研究表明 ,溶剂加盐能够提高C4组份之间的相对挥发度 ,且比一般有机溶剂效果明显 ;盐浓度较低时随着盐浓度的提高 ,C4组份之间的相对挥发度增加 ;盐浓度较高时 ,随着盐浓度的提高 ,C4组份之间的相对挥发度反而降低 ;温度升高 ,加盐溶剂对C4组份之间的相对挥发度降低。并对试验现象作了理论上的解释。

加盐萃取精馏技术的研究进展

对加盐萃取精馏技术的研究进展进行了综述。讨论了盐效应理论及用于汽液平衡数据预测和关联的盐效应模型,如拟二组分模型、含盐局部组成模型等,介绍了近些年加盐萃取精馏技术在分离醇-水、酯-水等极性物系以及碳四馏分等非极性物系中的应用研究进展,并提出了加盐萃取精馏技术存在的问题及展望。

基于特征频带小波包分析的小电流接地故障选线研究

分析了小电流接地系统单相接地故障时基波稳态零序电流、暂态零序电流和谐波零序电流的故障特征,并在此基础上确定了在进行小电流接地故障选线时应从零序电流暂态信号中提取故障特征量,提出了基于故障暂态电流特征频带小波包极性的选线算法,结合PSCAD仿真试验数据对选线算法进行了算例分析,并验证了算法的准确性。

阴、阳离子表面活性剂混合体系的增溶作用

研究了3-十六烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（R16TAC）和十二烷基磷酸钠（AS）混合体系对正戊醇、正己醇、苯甲醇、正辛醇、环乙烷、正己烷、四氯化碳、苯、甲苯、正庚烷和正癸烷的增溶作用.结果表明,混合体系对极性物的增溶均低于两单纯体系,曲线呈“V”型,物质的量比为1:1时增溶量最小.而对非极性物的增溶呈“马鞍”型,量比为1:1时增溶量最大.

非平行板电容器电场和电容计算的再研究

在正交曲线坐标系下,分别用分离变量法和静电场的高斯定理计算出非平行板电容器的电场强度、电势和电容.

小电流接地故障暂态分析及区段定位新方法

对于中性点采用非有效接地方式的配电网,利用故障点上游和下游故障暂态电流间相似性关系的小电流接地故障区段定位方法,缺乏严格的理论证明且原理上存在一定盲区易导致定位错误。文中建立了适用于定位的小电流接地故障暂态模型,分析了故障点上游与下游间暂态电流的主谐振频率关系,提出一种综合上下游间暂态电流相似性和极性关系、基于暂态电流比较的区段定位新方法,即故障点位于两侧暂态电流相似但极性相反或首个不相似的区间。对于谐振接地系统,利用各检测点工频电流和暂态电流极性关系的一致性排除了线路电流互感器极性反接的影响。所述方法消除了定位盲区,提高了暂态定位原理的可靠性和适应性,仿真和现场实际故障数据验证了该算法的有效性。

加盐萃取精馏分离苯中低含量正庚烷的实验研究

为获得高纯度苯,须除去粗苯中正庚烷等杂质,在正庚烷质量分数较低时,苯与正庚烷之间的相对挥发度趋近于1,采用萃取精馏进行分离存在萃取剂耗量过大等缺点,溶剂加盐萃取精馏克服了萃取精馏的缺点,该技术是目前学术界高度关注的方法,其在分离醇—水、酯—水等极性体系得到了广泛的应用.但该技术应用于非极性体系的研究刚刚起步.这里采用加盐萃取精馏方法对苯-正庚烷非极性体系进行了实验研究,考察了盐的类型、盐的质量分数、溶剂体积比等因素对分离苯-正庚烷两组分的分离效果影响,并分析了上述因素对其相对挥发度影响的规律.结果表明:采用DMF为溶剂(溶剂与原料液体积比为1∶1)加KSCN(质量分数为13%)分离苯中低含量正庚烷取得了令人满意的结果,其相对挥发度在全组成范围内有较大提高.

加盐萃取精馏的研究进展

阐述了加盐萃取精馏的原理和定标粒子理论在加盐萃取精馏中的应用 ,对加盐萃取精馏分离极性物系和非极性物系的现状进行了评述 。

近景摄影测量系统中非编码点匹配算法研究

从同一场景的多幅图像中找出对应的非编码点,是实现近景摄影测量的必要前提。分析了同场景多幅图像中非编码点之间的几何约束,提出了以三视极线和图像拓扑结构为约束的离散图像点匹配算法。先将同时满足三视图三极线和图像拓扑结构约束的点作为确定的匹配点并赋予编码值;再利用已经编码的标记点,以对极几何和图像拓扑结构为约束对剩下的未匹配点进行匹配。将该方法应用于铁牛三维光学测量系统的特征点测量系统进行的实例验证表明,当拍摄像平面和物平面夹角较小时,匹配完全正确;而在一般的拍摄条件下,其正确匹配率约为97%。

确定平面刚体体系虚位移关系的无极速度图法

在研究无极速度图性质、绘制方法的基础上,给出一种确定平面刚体体系虚位移关系的新方法,即利用无极速度图上没有单位的速度值代替虚位移值,从而得到平面刚体体系的虚位移值及其关系。算例表明,该方法简单,而且只要作出平面刚体体系的无极速度图,便可快速地确定该体系的虚位移关系;同时,该方法也为平面刚体体系虚位移关系的确定提供了一条新途径。