Aim： To examine the preference for two dosing regimens of 20 mg of tadalafil, on demand or three times per week, in men affected with erectile dysfunction （ED） in Italy. Methods： Scheduled Use versus on demand Reg...Aim： To examine the preference for two dosing regimens of 20 mg of tadalafil, on demand or three times per week, in men affected with erectile dysfunction （ED） in Italy. Methods： Scheduled Use versus on demand Regimen Evaluation （SURE） is a multicenter, crossover and open-label study, involving 94 urology centers in Italy. Patients aged 18 years or older affected with ED for at least 3 months were enrolled and randomized to 20 mg of tadalafil treatment on demand or three times per week for 5-6 weeks. After a 1-week washout, patients were crossed over to the alternate regimen for 5-6 weeks. A treatment preference question was used to determine the preferred treatment regimen. International Index of Erectile Function （IIEF） and Sexual Encounter Profile （SEP） questionnaire were used as efficacy measures. Results： A total of 1 058 men （mean age 54.8 years）, were randomized to treatment. Overall, 59.1% of patients preferred the on-demand regimen and 41.9% preferred the three times per week dosing. Both regimens were efficacious and well tolerated. Although a statistically higher improvement of the IIEF erectile function （IIEF-EF） domain score and the SEP questionnaire was reported for the three times per week compared to the ondemand treatment regimen, this difference was numerically minimal and lacking in clinical significance. Conclusion： Tadalafil is effective and well tolerated whether used on demand or three times per week. Patients should be given the option to choose the best treatment regimen according to personal needs and preferences.展开更多
To develop technically feasible and economically favorable dynamic process control(DPC)strategies for an alternating activated sludge(AAS)system,a bench-scale continuous-flow alternating aerobic and anoxic reactor,per...To develop technically feasible and economically favorable dynamic process control(DPC)strategies for an alternating activated sludge(AAS)system,a bench-scale continuous-flow alternating aerobic and anoxic reactor,performing short-cut nitrogen removal from real domestic wastewater was operated under different control strategies for more than five months.A fixed-time control(FTC) study showed that bending-points on pH and oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)profiles accurately coincided with the major biologic...展开更多
A new system called alternate data acquisition and real-time monitoring system has been developed for long-time discharge in tokamak operation. It can support continuous on-line data acquisition at a high sampling rat...A new system called alternate data acquisition and real-time monitoring system has been developed for long-time discharge in tokamak operation. It can support continuous on-line data acquisition at a high sampling rate and a graphic display of the plasma parameters during the discharge. Thus operators can monitor and control the plasma state in real time. An application of this system has been demonstrated on the HT-7 tokamak.展开更多
This research paper represents a numerical approximation to non-linear two-dimensional reaction diffusion equation from population genetics. Since various initial and boundary value problems exist in two-dimensional r...This research paper represents a numerical approximation to non-linear two-dimensional reaction diffusion equation from population genetics. Since various initial and boundary value problems exist in two-dimensional reaction-diffusion, phenomena are studied numerically by different numerical methods, here we use finite difference schemes to approximate the solution. Accuracy is studied in term of L2, L∞ and relative error norms by random selected grids along time levels for comparison with exact results. The test example demonstrates the accuracy, efficiency and versatility of the proposed schemes. It is shown that the numerical schemes give better solutions. Moreover, the schemes can be easily applied to a wide class of higher dimension nonlinear reaction diffusion equations with a little modification.展开更多
To achieve robust communication in high mobility scenarios,an iterative equalization algorithm based on alternating minimization(AM)is proposed for the orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)system.The algorithm approxi...To achieve robust communication in high mobility scenarios,an iterative equalization algorithm based on alternating minimization(AM)is proposed for the orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)system.The algorithm approximates the equalization problem to a convex function optimization problem in the real-valued domain and solves the problem iteratively using the AM algorithm.In the iterative process,the complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced further based on the study of the cyclic structure and sparse property of the OTFS channel matrix in the delay-Doppler(DD)domain.The new method for OTFS is simulated and verified in a high-speed mobile scenario and the results show that the proposed equalization algorithm has excellent bit error rate performance with low complexity.展开更多
This study evaluates the alternative conceptual models for groundwater modelling. A true model was created with a synthetic alluvial fan-plain hydrogeological framework. Various alternative conceptual models were eval...This study evaluates the alternative conceptual models for groundwater modelling. A true model was created with a synthetic alluvial fan-plain hydrogeological framework. Various alternative conceptual models were evaluated for groundwater flow simulations. The first alternative model is a single aquifer layer model; the second alternative model is a 3-layer aquifer model; and the third model is a B-layer model consisting of 3 aquifers separated by 2 aquitards. All models could fit very well to the observa- tions with optimized values of hydraulic conductivities. However, the single aquifer layer model can only compute water balance components with good accuracy. The 3-layer aquifer model can be used for water balance computation and groundwater head simulation with small errors. The 5-layer model is capable of simulating water budget, groundwater head distribution and travel times with high accuracy. Multi- model analysis found only the 3rd alternative model superior.展开更多
为研究完全去中心化的点对点(peer-to-peer,P2P)能源市场中产消者的最优清算问题,重点解决产消者内部的协作和在P2P市场中实现社会福利最大化的挑战,采用了一种新的平行、分布式的交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multi...为研究完全去中心化的点对点(peer-to-peer,P2P)能源市场中产消者的最优清算问题,重点解决产消者内部的协作和在P2P市场中实现社会福利最大化的挑战,采用了一种新的平行、分布式的交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM),推导出P2P市场的交易机制。该方法考虑每个产消者的效用函数,并引入分布式发电机(distributed generator,DG)和电能存储系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)。算法中每个产消者通过迭代与其相邻的产消者同步交换少量信息,并优化以满足不同的需求。通过对6-peers系统的数值验证,证明了所提出方法的有效性。与基于池的交易机制相比,完全去中心化的P2P问题在单位时间内交易电量提升了160%,社会福利从-9.47元增加到32.43元。展开更多
现有回声状态网络(Echo State Networks,ESNs)的通信话务量预测方法只考虑了历史通信话务量对预测性能的影响,较少涉及多个输入变量的通信话务量预测问题。文中首先针对ESNs用于实际多元时间序列预测任务时训练效率低,输入数据维数较多...现有回声状态网络(Echo State Networks,ESNs)的通信话务量预测方法只考虑了历史通信话务量对预测性能的影响,较少涉及多个输入变量的通信话务量预测问题。文中首先针对ESNs用于实际多元时间序列预测任务时训练效率低,输入数据维数较多时计算复杂度大的问题,提出用改进的交替方向乘子算法(IAD-ESNs算法)训练ESNs;针对单一输入变量不能提供更加全面的预测信息,提出了改进ESNs的多变量预测模型(MP-IADMM-ESNs)。以真实通信话务量数据进行仿真实验,结果表明,提出的预测模型MP-IADMM-ESNs对多变量通信话务量预测有较高的预测精度和预测效率。展开更多
文摘Aim： To examine the preference for two dosing regimens of 20 mg of tadalafil, on demand or three times per week, in men affected with erectile dysfunction （ED） in Italy. Methods： Scheduled Use versus on demand Regimen Evaluation （SURE） is a multicenter, crossover and open-label study, involving 94 urology centers in Italy. Patients aged 18 years or older affected with ED for at least 3 months were enrolled and randomized to 20 mg of tadalafil treatment on demand or three times per week for 5-6 weeks. After a 1-week washout, patients were crossed over to the alternate regimen for 5-6 weeks. A treatment preference question was used to determine the preferred treatment regimen. International Index of Erectile Function （IIEF） and Sexual Encounter Profile （SEP） questionnaire were used as efficacy measures. Results： A total of 1 058 men （mean age 54.8 years）, were randomized to treatment. Overall, 59.1% of patients preferred the on-demand regimen and 41.9% preferred the three times per week dosing. Both regimens were efficacious and well tolerated. Although a statistically higher improvement of the IIEF erectile function （IIEF-EF） domain score and the SEP questionnaire was reported for the three times per week compared to the ondemand treatment regimen, this difference was numerically minimal and lacking in clinical significance. Conclusion： Tadalafil is effective and well tolerated whether used on demand or three times per week. Patients should be given the option to choose the best treatment regimen according to personal needs and preferences.
文摘To develop technically feasible and economically favorable dynamic process control(DPC)strategies for an alternating activated sludge(AAS)system,a bench-scale continuous-flow alternating aerobic and anoxic reactor,performing short-cut nitrogen removal from real domestic wastewater was operated under different control strategies for more than five months.A fixed-time control(FTC) study showed that bending-points on pH and oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)profiles accurately coincided with the major biologic...
基金Meg-science Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 19981303)
文摘A new system called alternate data acquisition and real-time monitoring system has been developed for long-time discharge in tokamak operation. It can support continuous on-line data acquisition at a high sampling rate and a graphic display of the plasma parameters during the discharge. Thus operators can monitor and control the plasma state in real time. An application of this system has been demonstrated on the HT-7 tokamak.
文摘This research paper represents a numerical approximation to non-linear two-dimensional reaction diffusion equation from population genetics. Since various initial and boundary value problems exist in two-dimensional reaction-diffusion, phenomena are studied numerically by different numerical methods, here we use finite difference schemes to approximate the solution. Accuracy is studied in term of L2, L∞ and relative error norms by random selected grids along time levels for comparison with exact results. The test example demonstrates the accuracy, efficiency and versatility of the proposed schemes. It is shown that the numerical schemes give better solutions. Moreover, the schemes can be easily applied to a wide class of higher dimension nonlinear reaction diffusion equations with a little modification.
基金supported by the 54th Research Institute of China E lectronics Technology Group Corporation(SKX212010007)。
文摘To achieve robust communication in high mobility scenarios,an iterative equalization algorithm based on alternating minimization(AM)is proposed for the orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)system.The algorithm approximates the equalization problem to a convex function optimization problem in the real-valued domain and solves the problem iteratively using the AM algorithm.In the iterative process,the complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced further based on the study of the cyclic structure and sparse property of the OTFS channel matrix in the delay-Doppler(DD)domain.The new method for OTFS is simulated and verified in a high-speed mobile scenario and the results show that the proposed equalization algorithm has excellent bit error rate performance with low complexity.
文摘This study evaluates the alternative conceptual models for groundwater modelling. A true model was created with a synthetic alluvial fan-plain hydrogeological framework. Various alternative conceptual models were evaluated for groundwater flow simulations. The first alternative model is a single aquifer layer model; the second alternative model is a 3-layer aquifer model; and the third model is a B-layer model consisting of 3 aquifers separated by 2 aquitards. All models could fit very well to the observa- tions with optimized values of hydraulic conductivities. However, the single aquifer layer model can only compute water balance components with good accuracy. The 3-layer aquifer model can be used for water balance computation and groundwater head simulation with small errors. The 5-layer model is capable of simulating water budget, groundwater head distribution and travel times with high accuracy. Multi- model analysis found only the 3rd alternative model superior.
文摘为研究完全去中心化的点对点(peer-to-peer,P2P)能源市场中产消者的最优清算问题,重点解决产消者内部的协作和在P2P市场中实现社会福利最大化的挑战,采用了一种新的平行、分布式的交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM),推导出P2P市场的交易机制。该方法考虑每个产消者的效用函数,并引入分布式发电机(distributed generator,DG)和电能存储系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)。算法中每个产消者通过迭代与其相邻的产消者同步交换少量信息,并优化以满足不同的需求。通过对6-peers系统的数值验证,证明了所提出方法的有效性。与基于池的交易机制相比,完全去中心化的P2P问题在单位时间内交易电量提升了160%,社会福利从-9.47元增加到32.43元。
文摘现有回声状态网络(Echo State Networks,ESNs)的通信话务量预测方法只考虑了历史通信话务量对预测性能的影响,较少涉及多个输入变量的通信话务量预测问题。文中首先针对ESNs用于实际多元时间序列预测任务时训练效率低,输入数据维数较多时计算复杂度大的问题,提出用改进的交替方向乘子算法(IAD-ESNs算法)训练ESNs;针对单一输入变量不能提供更加全面的预测信息,提出了改进ESNs的多变量预测模型(MP-IADMM-ESNs)。以真实通信话务量数据进行仿真实验,结果表明,提出的预测模型MP-IADMM-ESNs对多变量通信话务量预测有较高的预测精度和预测效率。
