Background: Critical Thinking (CT) dispositions in nursing are prominent predictors of competence in delivering high-quality care, and of professionalism, in newly graduated nurses. CT skills, in isolation of CT dispo...Background: Critical Thinking (CT) dispositions in nursing are prominent predictors of competence in delivering high-quality care, and of professionalism, in newly graduated nurses. CT skills, in isolation of CT dispositions, do not guarantee success in the workplace, because Critical Thinking Dispositions (CTD) are important elements of intellectual reasoning that simulate a person towards using the CT skills. Therefore, nursing educational programs should promote lifelong learning rather than focusing on transferring the content of nursing knowledge only. And for this purpose, quality education is the key. Education should focus on teaching from diverse perspectives, incorporating various teaching learning strategies that are congruent with the modern era. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore critical thinking dispositions among final year Baccalaureate Nursing students of various military colleges of nursing, in Pakistan. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative exploratory study design was used to investigate the CTD of BSc final year nursing students. The study population included twelve willing nursing students, from six military colleges across the country. Demographic information and consent was taken from the participants of the study. In-depth interviews, through a semi structured interview guide, and probes were used to obtain data related to personal experiences of CTD amongst the nursing students. Results: Data analysis showed two broad themes: 1) Perceptions of CT, and 2) Experiences of CT dispositions. In theme one, the emerging category was: Clarity of CT;whereas in theme two, the categories that emerged were: a) Truth Seeking, b) Open Mindedness, c) Inquisitiveness, and d) Self Organization. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed positive dispositions towards truth seeking, open mindedness, and self-organization, whereas disposition towards inquisitiveness was weak. Self-confidence and maturity also emerged as positive factors that the students possessed. This study recommends that faculty and learners should extend their concept of CTD, and emphasizes its application in daily routine. Additionally, faculty should modify their instructional strategies and focus on the cultivation of dispositions of inquisitiveness, curiosity, and allow questioning by students in the class.展开更多
This article illustrates the procedural specificities of the following eight contemporary methods of final disposition: (1) Natural Organic Reduction, (2) Alkaline Hydrolysis, (3) Plastination, (4) Body Farm, (5) Cryo...This article illustrates the procedural specificities of the following eight contemporary methods of final disposition: (1) Natural Organic Reduction, (2) Alkaline Hydrolysis, (3) Plastination, (4) Body Farm, (5) Cryonics, (6) Memorial Reefs, (7) Organic Burial Pods, and (8) Space Funeral. After comparing the differences in the duration of body-processing time of all eight methods, Alkaline Hydrolysis was determined to take the shortest length of time to complete (6 - 8 hours), while Plastination was deemed to take the longest length of time to complete (1 year). Additionally, with regard to comparing the differences in cost to the consumer, Plastination and Body Farm were both deemed to be of the lowest cost ($0/body donation only), while Cryonics was deemed to be the most expensive ($200,000+ due to ongoing subfreezing storage and maintenance fees). Finally, after comparing the differences in each state’s set of sanctioned methods of final disposition, it was established that the seventeen states that restrict their residents’ options the most, permitting only two out of the eight contemporary options, include Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, and that the two states that restrict their residents the least, permitting six out of the eight contemporary options include California and Florida.展开更多
Aim: This study aimed to investigate critical thinking disposition among nurses working in Public Hospitals in Port-Said Governorate.Methods: A descriptive research design was conducted in this study. Totally 196 resp...Aim: This study aimed to investigate critical thinking disposition among nurses working in Public Hospitals in Port-Said Governorate.Methods: A descriptive research design was conducted in this study. Totally 196 respondents were chosen by systemic random sampling, to take part in the study as the sample. Data was collected from April to September in 2015. Tools of data collection: A personal and job characteristics data sheet and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory(CCTDI) were used. Results: The results revealed that the total critical thinking disposition score mean was 257.05 ± 20.16 and the highest score mean was 48.67 ± 6.28 for inquisitiveness subscale, while the lowest score mean was 21.36 ± 7.19 for the truth-seeking subscale. Also, none of the personal&job characteristics showed statistically significant relations with the total critical thinking disposition. Conclusion: More than three quarters of the nurses had an ambivalent disposition toward critical thinking, and most nurses' scores indicated a negative tendency towards truth-seeking. So the findings pointed for upgrading nurses' critical thinking through educational programs and a need for more problem-based learning with advanced teaching strategies in clinical areas.展开更多
This paper explores the disposition effect, the tendency of investors to hold losing investments too long and sell winning investments too soon, by analyzing a unique data set that consists of the buying and selling p...This paper explores the disposition effect, the tendency of investors to hold losing investments too long and sell winning investments too soon, by analyzing a unique data set that consists of the buying and selling positions of open-end fund investors in China. Results show that investors' buying and selling behaviors are significantly affected by fund performance. The reasons that lie behind such results are mainly related to the non-persistence of fund performance. When fund performance is non-persistent, investors are not clear about the future returns on funds. So, investors, especially individual investors, would have to realize the profits on hand immediately. Meanwhile, fund investors are highly sensitive to fund age and loading fees, but not sensitive to management fees charged by funds when they buy or sell fund shares.展开更多
After the illustration of ecological restoration and research situation of foreign and domestic rivers,the paper has analyzed the relation between plants and river ecological restoration.By taking Jialu River that is ...After the illustration of ecological restoration and research situation of foreign and domestic rivers,the paper has analyzed the relation between plants and river ecological restoration.By taking Jialu River that is the main river of Zhengzhou City,for example,it has introduced the general situation of the project and the site,water quality of the river,and soil survey and testing.It has pointed out that the structural system of ecological space of "one corridor,one core and five areas" has formed in ecological restoration project.On this basis,it has analyzed plants disposition forms in waterfront area,emphasized combining aquatic plants and urban waterfront areas to construct a natural ecological river channel which will be a new design idea for ecological reconstruction in modern urban waterfront area.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among disposition toward critical thinking, learning styles, and caring behaviors in student nurses enrolled in three 5-year junior nursing colleges in South...The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among disposition toward critical thinking, learning styles, and caring behaviors in student nurses enrolled in three 5-year junior nursing colleges in Southern Taiwan. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample that comprised 777 nursing students from two cities. The data were obtained through the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, Chinese Version (CTDI-CV), Index of Learning Styles (ILS), and the Caring Behavior Scale (CBS). The sample ranged in age from 16 to 22 years (M = 18.21). Results: Students scored highest on the inquisitiveness subscale and lowest on the truth-seeking subscale. Additionally, some dimensions of disposition toward critical thinking differed significantly by learning style. There was a positive relationship between overall critical thinking dispositions and caring behaviors (r = 0.23, p < 0.01). Finally, dimensions of caring behavior, with the exception of the maturity dimension, were significantly positively related to most dimensions of the disposition toward critical thinking (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that not only is learning style related to critical thinking disposition but also to caring behaviors. However, the cause of these relationships warrants further study.展开更多
A good or bad design,equipment disposition and management of Intensive CareUnit (ICU) is one of the important standards which judge the medical level.As theinvestment of equipments in ICU is so costly,the problems of ...A good or bad design,equipment disposition and management of Intensive CareUnit (ICU) is one of the important standards which judge the medical level.As theinvestment of equipments in ICU is so costly,the problems of how to design ICUcorrectly,how to dispose the equipments in it and how to manage ICU must besolved effectively.We have worked out a set of methods for the above problemsthrough investigating ICU in several hospitals.展开更多
To investigate the disposition and tissue distribution of ML12 after intravenous (iv) administration in rats, the compound in plasma or in tissue was extracted into ethyl acetate under basic condition and was determ...To investigate the disposition and tissue distribution of ML12 after intravenous (iv) administration in rats, the compound in plasma or in tissue was extracted into ethyl acetate under basic condition and was determined by HPLC after extracted by dilute sulfuric acid. Excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of fluorescence detection were 278 nm and 307 nm, respectively. The data were processed with the software 3P97 to calculate the main pharmaceutical parameters of ML12. At dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg, the elimination of the drug from plasma was found to be kinetically linear, but when the dosage was 20 mg/kg, a non-linear feature was observed. The highest level of ML12 was found in the kidney. Distribution of ML12 after iv administration was extensive and the concentration-time profile was found to be fitted to an open two-compartment model.展开更多
The DOF of human being was analyzed in this paper. Three reasonable kinds of DOF disposition programs came up to design a humanoid robot and an optimal DOF disposition program was chosen according to configuration app...The DOF of human being was analyzed in this paper. Three reasonable kinds of DOF disposition programs came up to design a humanoid robot and an optimal DOF disposition program was chosen according to configuration appearance, realizing the balance and torsion movement and analysis of torque of the humanoid. Three special mechanisms were designed so that the humanoid robot has some special function.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to examine the professional disposition scores of Physical Education teacher candidates over time. In ad-dition, differences between teacher and student ratings were investigated. Partici...The purpose of this study was to examine the professional disposition scores of Physical Education teacher candidates over time. In ad-dition, differences between teacher and student ratings were investigated. Participants were 65 students who completed three methods courses (A, B, and C) across a two-year period. Both the teacher and the students completed a profes-sional dispositions instrument in each of the three classes. Results indicated a decrease in disposition self ratings and teacher ratings over time. A 2 (Rater) x 3 (Time) ANOVA revealed that the student and teacher ratings were different for classes A and B but not for class C. The findings are encouraging in light of the strong alignment between teacher and student ratings in the upper-level class. The dispositions in-strument appears to be a valid and reliable method to assess the professional behaviors of teacher candidates.展开更多
Introduction: This study assesses rural providers’ perceptions of their ability to deliver high quality care via telehealth compared to usual care, and whether attending providers perceive that emergency department (...Introduction: This study assesses rural providers’ perceptions of their ability to deliver high quality care via telehealth compared to usual care, and whether attending providers perceive that emergency department (ED) telehealth visits influence clinical reasoning in regard to patient disposition, specifically in tele-behavioral and tele-neurological cases. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 134 ED providers (nurses [n = 126] and physicians [n = 8]) who were working in five Midwestern critical access hospitals (response rate 83%). Descriptive, correlational and stepwise regression analyses were employed to evaluate provider perceptions of 1) competency level in telehealth delivery, 2) patient health outcomes, 3) access to continuing education in telehealth, and 4) clinical influence of telehealth visit. Evaluation of preliminary set of N = 100 telehealth cases were assessed for influence of telehealth on clinical reasoning of attending physicians regarding patient disposition. Results: The majority (67%;n = 90) of participants had at least minimal experience with telehealth care delivery, with an average of 1 - 2 visits in teleneurology, and 3 - 4 visits in telebehavioral cases. Providers rated their overall mean competency level in telehealth care delivery as 3.01/5.00 based on a 5 point “novice (1) to expert” (5) scale. Mean scores for providers perceived competency level in 7 evidence-based sub-categories for telehealth care delivery were self-reported as relatively low to mid-range values, ranging from 2.64 - 3.57/5.00. Stepwise linear regression analysis of whether all providers “would recommend telehealth to their family and friends” revealed two predictors for model of best fit (n = 81;p 2 = 0.598): 1) their perceptions of telehealth experience compared to usual care;and 2) perceptions of patient health outcomes with telehealth compared to usual care. Providers rated “neutral” to “very unlikely” that they “would recommend telehealth to family and friends” (2.75/5.00;n = 122;91%). Attending physicians reported that for a majority of cases, telehealth visits influenced patient disposition and transfer decision-making (58.4%), and the influence of telehealth visits on patient disposition was statistically significantly higher for behavioral health cases (p Discussion: This study will be followed on to inform administrators/policy makers about 1) perceived level of competency of providers who implement tele-emergency care, 2) potential importance of telehealth equipment used and teamwork between rural providers and distant specialist, and 3) how use of telehealth may enhance ability of rural ED providers to improve quality of care. Perceived influence of telehealth on patient disposition is reported to be highest for telebehavioral patients. Healthcare educators need to place a priority on addressing provider competencies in telehealth through health professions degree programs and continuing education. Further research is needed to promote application and testing of evidence-based provider competencies in telehealth, and potentially relevant health communication models, to increase providers’ perceived efficacy and competency in telehealth care delivery, thus supporting high quality patient health outcomes.展开更多
In order to solve transport problems of industry solid,firstly,a new applicationnotion of pipeline transport was presented,that is to say,combining pretreatment andtransport with disposal techniques of industry solid ...In order to solve transport problems of industry solid,firstly,a new applicationnotion of pipeline transport was presented,that is to say,combining pretreatment andtransport with disposal techniques of industry solid waste.Secondly,the integrated dis-posal and transport system for industry solid waste was introduced,in particular,the oper-ating principles,equipment set-up,key technology and technical parameters.Next,thispaper illustrated the application of this integrated system.Such as it can transport coalsludge with sufficiently high solids content(about 72%~77%)and high apparent viscosity(about 1 000~3 000 Pa.s)directly by pipeline having no use for water and addition agent.Generally,the transport distance is about 1 000 m.This system has been successfullyused in innocuous disposition and efficient utilization of other industrial byproducts or solidwastes,such as city sludge and paper making waste.The integrated system causes nopollution to the environment for its complete seal and realizes protecting the environment,conserving the energy,promoting the development of cycling economic.Finally,the paperdiscussed the research works that were needed for studying such pipeline transport sys-tem and narrates the relevant condition and application status.展开更多
The liver is an important organ for drugs disposition,and thus how to accurately evaluate hepatic clearance is essential for proper drug dosing.However,there are many limitations in drug dosage adjustment based on liv...The liver is an important organ for drugs disposition,and thus how to accurately evaluate hepatic clearance is essential for proper drug dosing.However,there are many limitations in drug dosage adjustment based on liver function and pharmacogenomic testing.In this study,we evaluated the ability of endogenous glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate(GCDCA-S)and 4β-hydroxycholesterol(4β-HC)plasma levels to evaluate organic anion-transporting polypeptide(Oatps)-mediated hepatic uptake and Cyp3 a-meidated metabolism of atorvastatin(ATV)in rats.The concentration of ATV and its metabolites,2-OH ATV and 4-OH ATV,was markedly increased after a single injection of rifampicin(RIF),an inhibitor of Oatps.Concurrently,plasma GCDCA-S levels were also elevated.After a single injection of the Cyp3 a inhibitor ketoconazole(KTZ),plasma ATV concentrations were significantly increased and 2-OH ATV concentrations were decreased,consistent with the metabolism of ATV by Cyp3 a.However,plasma 4β-HC was not affected by KTZ treatment despite it being a Cyp3 a metabolite of cholesterol.After repeated oral administration of RIF,plasma concentrations of ATV,2-OH ATV and 4-OH ATV were markedly increased and the hepatic uptake ratio of ATV and GCDCA-S was decreased.KTZ did not affect plasma concentrations of ATV,2-OH ATV and 4-OH ATV,but significantly decreased the metabolic ratio of total and 4-OH ATV.However,the plasma level and hepatic metabolism of 4β-HC were not changed by KTZ.The inhibition of hepatic uptake of GCDCA-S by RIF was fully reversed after a 7-d washout of RIF.Plasma concentration and hepatic uptake ratio of GCDCA-S were correlated with the plasma level and hepatic uptake of ATV in rats with ANIT-induced liver injury,respectively.These results demonstrate that plasma GCDCA-S is a sensitive probe for the assessment of Oatps-mediated hepatic uptake of ATV.However,Cyp3 a-mediated metabolism of ATV was not predicted by plasma 4β-HC levels in rats.展开更多
The metabolic fate of 1 -nitropropane (1-NP) has not been previously reported. In this study male rats and chimpanzees were given single doses of 40 mg/kg ip and 5 mg/kg iv 1-[1-^(14)C]NP, respectively. The quantitati...The metabolic fate of 1 -nitropropane (1-NP) has not been previously reported. In this study male rats and chimpanzees were given single doses of 40 mg/kg ip and 5 mg/kg iv 1-[1-^(14)C]NP, respectively. The quantitative extent of urinary and fecal elimination was similar in both species. The rats excreted 16.5% ofthedosein urine and 1.7% in feces. For chimpanzees the respective values were 14.8 and 1.2%. Experiments with rats demonstrated that the major route of elimination was by exhalation. With a total elimination via the lungs of 72.6%, rats expired 10.3% of the dose as unchanged 1-NP. Five polar metabolites were isolated from the urine of chimpanzees. The two major metabolites were identified as 3-hydroxypropionic acid and 7V-methyl-N-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethylpropionic acid amide (NMPA). Both substances were also excreted in rat urine. The two identified metabolites indicate that 1-NP was degraded to propionic acid, part of which was modified to 3-hydroxypropionic acid or NMPA. A hypothetical pathway for the biochemical generation of NMPA is suggested.(c)1989 Academic Press, Inc.展开更多
Objective:To explore the time management tendency of left-behind adolescents,compare the differences of time management of left-behind.Methods:The questionnaire studies the adolescents students of major labor.Results:...Objective:To explore the time management tendency of left-behind adolescents,compare the differences of time management of left-behind.Methods:The questionnaire studies the adolescents students of major labor.Results:Left-behind adolescents are tend to form bad time management tendency(t<2.55,p<0.01)and among these left-behind adolescents there are great individual differences(F>4.24,p>0.05);16-year-old time is a critical period of forming social value of time management(F>4.24,p>0.05),the grade(F_((2,331))=3.74,p=0.03),and whether the only child(t=2.26,p=0.03)has priority to the impact of time management;the children’s age when their parents left.The left period of their parents,the parents who go out,and the visit interval all these factors affect the adolescents’time management tendency(R^(2)>0.21,p<0.001).展开更多
This paper introduces the development of the Computerized Modification EquipmentResources Disposition System which was developed by using Oracle8.0 database on the severside and the PowerBuilder6.0 on the client side ...This paper introduces the development of the Computerized Modification EquipmentResources Disposition System which was developed by using Oracle8.0 database on the severside and the PowerBuilder6.0 on the client side and runs under the Windows95 and Windows, NTnetwork environmint, its basic principle, the information flow diagram ,functional, modules,and finally applications of the system.展开更多
To improve students' critical thinking is considered as a top priority by a growing number of educators.While there exists a comparable amount of research examining students' critical thinking skills,less is k...To improve students' critical thinking is considered as a top priority by a growing number of educators.While there exists a comparable amount of research examining students' critical thinking skills,less is known about students' tendency to use these skills.Specifically,little is known about what influence critical thinking disposition has on students' academic achievement.English reading comprehension,which has been an important composition in students' English achievement,may be an important factor in developing this disposition.The current study examined the characteristics of students' critical thinking disposition and their English reading comprehension as well as exploring the correlation between the two factors mentioned above.The current study involved in 125 sophomores in English major from Jiangsu province.The results indicated that students in current research performed best in Maturity (M=37.46,SD=3.57),followed by Inquisitiveness (M=36.64,SD=4.31),Analyticity (M=34.86,SD=3.70),Truthseeking (M=33.86,SD=4.08).In contrast,they performed worst in CT Confidence (M=33.17,SD=4.57),followed by Systematicity (M=33.49,SD=5.10) and Open-mindedness (M=33.50,SD=3.67).Students scored highest in Attitude and View Category as the mean was 0.8257,followed by Reasoning and Judgment Category (M=0.8128),Induction and Generalization Category (M=0.7612),Theme Topic Category (M=0.6844),Semantic Comprehension Category (M=0.6789),while scored lowest in Fact and Detail Category (M=0.5818).There existed a positive correlation between critical thinking disposition and reading comprehension achievement (n=109;r=0.300;p<0.01).展开更多
Objective:To explore the influence of blending learning on the critical thinking disposition among undergraduates.Methods:Two undergraduate classes majoring in Applied Psychology with similar level of critical thinkin...Objective:To explore the influence of blending learning on the critical thinking disposition among undergraduates.Methods:Two undergraduate classes majoring in Applied Psychology with similar level of critical thinking disposition were selected as the research subjects.Class A(106 students)was the experimental class,and class B(131 students)was the control class.During the research period of one semester(four months),the following measures were implemented for the two classes.The control class studied Developmental Psychology under the conventional teaching methods and procedures,while the experimental class studied Developmental Psychology according to the requirements and procedures of blending learning.The two classes were investigated with Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version(CTDI-CV)at the beginning and end of the course.Results:At the beginning of the course,the total scores of CTDI-CV of the two classes were(217.33±14.90)and(218.31±16.29),respectively,with no significant difference(P>0.05).At the end of the course,the total scores of CTDI-CV of the experimental class and the control class were(237.84±17.53)and(224.22±17.52),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion:Blending learning may have a positive effect in improving the critical thinking disposition in undergraduates.展开更多
文摘Background: Critical Thinking (CT) dispositions in nursing are prominent predictors of competence in delivering high-quality care, and of professionalism, in newly graduated nurses. CT skills, in isolation of CT dispositions, do not guarantee success in the workplace, because Critical Thinking Dispositions (CTD) are important elements of intellectual reasoning that simulate a person towards using the CT skills. Therefore, nursing educational programs should promote lifelong learning rather than focusing on transferring the content of nursing knowledge only. And for this purpose, quality education is the key. Education should focus on teaching from diverse perspectives, incorporating various teaching learning strategies that are congruent with the modern era. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore critical thinking dispositions among final year Baccalaureate Nursing students of various military colleges of nursing, in Pakistan. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative exploratory study design was used to investigate the CTD of BSc final year nursing students. The study population included twelve willing nursing students, from six military colleges across the country. Demographic information and consent was taken from the participants of the study. In-depth interviews, through a semi structured interview guide, and probes were used to obtain data related to personal experiences of CTD amongst the nursing students. Results: Data analysis showed two broad themes: 1) Perceptions of CT, and 2) Experiences of CT dispositions. In theme one, the emerging category was: Clarity of CT;whereas in theme two, the categories that emerged were: a) Truth Seeking, b) Open Mindedness, c) Inquisitiveness, and d) Self Organization. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed positive dispositions towards truth seeking, open mindedness, and self-organization, whereas disposition towards inquisitiveness was weak. Self-confidence and maturity also emerged as positive factors that the students possessed. This study recommends that faculty and learners should extend their concept of CTD, and emphasizes its application in daily routine. Additionally, faculty should modify their instructional strategies and focus on the cultivation of dispositions of inquisitiveness, curiosity, and allow questioning by students in the class.
文摘This article illustrates the procedural specificities of the following eight contemporary methods of final disposition: (1) Natural Organic Reduction, (2) Alkaline Hydrolysis, (3) Plastination, (4) Body Farm, (5) Cryonics, (6) Memorial Reefs, (7) Organic Burial Pods, and (8) Space Funeral. After comparing the differences in the duration of body-processing time of all eight methods, Alkaline Hydrolysis was determined to take the shortest length of time to complete (6 - 8 hours), while Plastination was deemed to take the longest length of time to complete (1 year). Additionally, with regard to comparing the differences in cost to the consumer, Plastination and Body Farm were both deemed to be of the lowest cost ($0/body donation only), while Cryonics was deemed to be the most expensive ($200,000+ due to ongoing subfreezing storage and maintenance fees). Finally, after comparing the differences in each state’s set of sanctioned methods of final disposition, it was established that the seventeen states that restrict their residents’ options the most, permitting only two out of the eight contemporary options, include Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, and that the two states that restrict their residents the least, permitting six out of the eight contemporary options include California and Florida.
文摘Aim: This study aimed to investigate critical thinking disposition among nurses working in Public Hospitals in Port-Said Governorate.Methods: A descriptive research design was conducted in this study. Totally 196 respondents were chosen by systemic random sampling, to take part in the study as the sample. Data was collected from April to September in 2015. Tools of data collection: A personal and job characteristics data sheet and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory(CCTDI) were used. Results: The results revealed that the total critical thinking disposition score mean was 257.05 ± 20.16 and the highest score mean was 48.67 ± 6.28 for inquisitiveness subscale, while the lowest score mean was 21.36 ± 7.19 for the truth-seeking subscale. Also, none of the personal&job characteristics showed statistically significant relations with the total critical thinking disposition. Conclusion: More than three quarters of the nurses had an ambivalent disposition toward critical thinking, and most nurses' scores indicated a negative tendency towards truth-seeking. So the findings pointed for upgrading nurses' critical thinking through educational programs and a need for more problem-based learning with advanced teaching strategies in clinical areas.
文摘This paper explores the disposition effect, the tendency of investors to hold losing investments too long and sell winning investments too soon, by analyzing a unique data set that consists of the buying and selling positions of open-end fund investors in China. Results show that investors' buying and selling behaviors are significantly affected by fund performance. The reasons that lie behind such results are mainly related to the non-persistence of fund performance. When fund performance is non-persistent, investors are not clear about the future returns on funds. So, investors, especially individual investors, would have to realize the profits on hand immediately. Meanwhile, fund investors are highly sensitive to fund age and loading fees, but not sensitive to management fees charged by funds when they buy or sell fund shares.
文摘After the illustration of ecological restoration and research situation of foreign and domestic rivers,the paper has analyzed the relation between plants and river ecological restoration.By taking Jialu River that is the main river of Zhengzhou City,for example,it has introduced the general situation of the project and the site,water quality of the river,and soil survey and testing.It has pointed out that the structural system of ecological space of "one corridor,one core and five areas" has formed in ecological restoration project.On this basis,it has analyzed plants disposition forms in waterfront area,emphasized combining aquatic plants and urban waterfront areas to construct a natural ecological river channel which will be a new design idea for ecological reconstruction in modern urban waterfront area.
文摘The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among disposition toward critical thinking, learning styles, and caring behaviors in student nurses enrolled in three 5-year junior nursing colleges in Southern Taiwan. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample that comprised 777 nursing students from two cities. The data were obtained through the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, Chinese Version (CTDI-CV), Index of Learning Styles (ILS), and the Caring Behavior Scale (CBS). The sample ranged in age from 16 to 22 years (M = 18.21). Results: Students scored highest on the inquisitiveness subscale and lowest on the truth-seeking subscale. Additionally, some dimensions of disposition toward critical thinking differed significantly by learning style. There was a positive relationship between overall critical thinking dispositions and caring behaviors (r = 0.23, p < 0.01). Finally, dimensions of caring behavior, with the exception of the maturity dimension, were significantly positively related to most dimensions of the disposition toward critical thinking (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that not only is learning style related to critical thinking disposition but also to caring behaviors. However, the cause of these relationships warrants further study.
文摘A good or bad design,equipment disposition and management of Intensive CareUnit (ICU) is one of the important standards which judge the medical level.As theinvestment of equipments in ICU is so costly,the problems of how to design ICUcorrectly,how to dispose the equipments in it and how to manage ICU must besolved effectively.We have worked out a set of methods for the above problemsthrough investigating ICU in several hospitals.
基金a grant from Wuhan New Drug Development Program (No.20066002103)
文摘To investigate the disposition and tissue distribution of ML12 after intravenous (iv) administration in rats, the compound in plasma or in tissue was extracted into ethyl acetate under basic condition and was determined by HPLC after extracted by dilute sulfuric acid. Excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of fluorescence detection were 278 nm and 307 nm, respectively. The data were processed with the software 3P97 to calculate the main pharmaceutical parameters of ML12. At dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg, the elimination of the drug from plasma was found to be kinetically linear, but when the dosage was 20 mg/kg, a non-linear feature was observed. The highest level of ML12 was found in the kidney. Distribution of ML12 after iv administration was extensive and the concentration-time profile was found to be fitted to an open two-compartment model.
文摘The DOF of human being was analyzed in this paper. Three reasonable kinds of DOF disposition programs came up to design a humanoid robot and an optimal DOF disposition program was chosen according to configuration appearance, realizing the balance and torsion movement and analysis of torque of the humanoid. Three special mechanisms were designed so that the humanoid robot has some special function.
文摘The purpose of this study was to examine the professional disposition scores of Physical Education teacher candidates over time. In ad-dition, differences between teacher and student ratings were investigated. Participants were 65 students who completed three methods courses (A, B, and C) across a two-year period. Both the teacher and the students completed a profes-sional dispositions instrument in each of the three classes. Results indicated a decrease in disposition self ratings and teacher ratings over time. A 2 (Rater) x 3 (Time) ANOVA revealed that the student and teacher ratings were different for classes A and B but not for class C. The findings are encouraging in light of the strong alignment between teacher and student ratings in the upper-level class. The dispositions in-strument appears to be a valid and reliable method to assess the professional behaviors of teacher candidates.
文摘Introduction: This study assesses rural providers’ perceptions of their ability to deliver high quality care via telehealth compared to usual care, and whether attending providers perceive that emergency department (ED) telehealth visits influence clinical reasoning in regard to patient disposition, specifically in tele-behavioral and tele-neurological cases. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 134 ED providers (nurses [n = 126] and physicians [n = 8]) who were working in five Midwestern critical access hospitals (response rate 83%). Descriptive, correlational and stepwise regression analyses were employed to evaluate provider perceptions of 1) competency level in telehealth delivery, 2) patient health outcomes, 3) access to continuing education in telehealth, and 4) clinical influence of telehealth visit. Evaluation of preliminary set of N = 100 telehealth cases were assessed for influence of telehealth on clinical reasoning of attending physicians regarding patient disposition. Results: The majority (67%;n = 90) of participants had at least minimal experience with telehealth care delivery, with an average of 1 - 2 visits in teleneurology, and 3 - 4 visits in telebehavioral cases. Providers rated their overall mean competency level in telehealth care delivery as 3.01/5.00 based on a 5 point “novice (1) to expert” (5) scale. Mean scores for providers perceived competency level in 7 evidence-based sub-categories for telehealth care delivery were self-reported as relatively low to mid-range values, ranging from 2.64 - 3.57/5.00. Stepwise linear regression analysis of whether all providers “would recommend telehealth to their family and friends” revealed two predictors for model of best fit (n = 81;p 2 = 0.598): 1) their perceptions of telehealth experience compared to usual care;and 2) perceptions of patient health outcomes with telehealth compared to usual care. Providers rated “neutral” to “very unlikely” that they “would recommend telehealth to family and friends” (2.75/5.00;n = 122;91%). Attending physicians reported that for a majority of cases, telehealth visits influenced patient disposition and transfer decision-making (58.4%), and the influence of telehealth visits on patient disposition was statistically significantly higher for behavioral health cases (p Discussion: This study will be followed on to inform administrators/policy makers about 1) perceived level of competency of providers who implement tele-emergency care, 2) potential importance of telehealth equipment used and teamwork between rural providers and distant specialist, and 3) how use of telehealth may enhance ability of rural ED providers to improve quality of care. Perceived influence of telehealth on patient disposition is reported to be highest for telebehavioral patients. Healthcare educators need to place a priority on addressing provider competencies in telehealth through health professions degree programs and continuing education. Further research is needed to promote application and testing of evidence-based provider competencies in telehealth, and potentially relevant health communication models, to increase providers’ perceived efficacy and competency in telehealth care delivery, thus supporting high quality patient health outcomes.
基金Science and Technology Corporation Innovation Fund of China(02C26211100499) PH.D Program Fund(20020290011)
文摘In order to solve transport problems of industry solid,firstly,a new applicationnotion of pipeline transport was presented,that is to say,combining pretreatment andtransport with disposal techniques of industry solid waste.Secondly,the integrated dis-posal and transport system for industry solid waste was introduced,in particular,the oper-ating principles,equipment set-up,key technology and technical parameters.Next,thispaper illustrated the application of this integrated system.Such as it can transport coalsludge with sufficiently high solids content(about 72%~77%)and high apparent viscosity(about 1 000~3 000 Pa.s)directly by pipeline having no use for water and addition agent.Generally,the transport distance is about 1 000 m.This system has been successfullyused in innocuous disposition and efficient utilization of other industrial byproducts or solidwastes,such as city sludge and paper making waste.The integrated system causes nopollution to the environment for its complete seal and realizes protecting the environment,conserving the energy,promoting the development of cycling economic.Finally,the paperdiscussed the research works that were needed for studying such pipeline transport sys-tem and narrates the relevant condition and application status.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81803611)。
文摘The liver is an important organ for drugs disposition,and thus how to accurately evaluate hepatic clearance is essential for proper drug dosing.However,there are many limitations in drug dosage adjustment based on liver function and pharmacogenomic testing.In this study,we evaluated the ability of endogenous glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate(GCDCA-S)and 4β-hydroxycholesterol(4β-HC)plasma levels to evaluate organic anion-transporting polypeptide(Oatps)-mediated hepatic uptake and Cyp3 a-meidated metabolism of atorvastatin(ATV)in rats.The concentration of ATV and its metabolites,2-OH ATV and 4-OH ATV,was markedly increased after a single injection of rifampicin(RIF),an inhibitor of Oatps.Concurrently,plasma GCDCA-S levels were also elevated.After a single injection of the Cyp3 a inhibitor ketoconazole(KTZ),plasma ATV concentrations were significantly increased and 2-OH ATV concentrations were decreased,consistent with the metabolism of ATV by Cyp3 a.However,plasma 4β-HC was not affected by KTZ treatment despite it being a Cyp3 a metabolite of cholesterol.After repeated oral administration of RIF,plasma concentrations of ATV,2-OH ATV and 4-OH ATV were markedly increased and the hepatic uptake ratio of ATV and GCDCA-S was decreased.KTZ did not affect plasma concentrations of ATV,2-OH ATV and 4-OH ATV,but significantly decreased the metabolic ratio of total and 4-OH ATV.However,the plasma level and hepatic metabolism of 4β-HC were not changed by KTZ.The inhibition of hepatic uptake of GCDCA-S by RIF was fully reversed after a 7-d washout of RIF.Plasma concentration and hepatic uptake ratio of GCDCA-S were correlated with the plasma level and hepatic uptake of ATV in rats with ANIT-induced liver injury,respectively.These results demonstrate that plasma GCDCA-S is a sensitive probe for the assessment of Oatps-mediated hepatic uptake of ATV.However,Cyp3 a-mediated metabolism of ATV was not predicted by plasma 4β-HC levels in rats.
文摘The metabolic fate of 1 -nitropropane (1-NP) has not been previously reported. In this study male rats and chimpanzees were given single doses of 40 mg/kg ip and 5 mg/kg iv 1-[1-^(14)C]NP, respectively. The quantitative extent of urinary and fecal elimination was similar in both species. The rats excreted 16.5% ofthedosein urine and 1.7% in feces. For chimpanzees the respective values were 14.8 and 1.2%. Experiments with rats demonstrated that the major route of elimination was by exhalation. With a total elimination via the lungs of 72.6%, rats expired 10.3% of the dose as unchanged 1-NP. Five polar metabolites were isolated from the urine of chimpanzees. The two major metabolites were identified as 3-hydroxypropionic acid and 7V-methyl-N-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethylpropionic acid amide (NMPA). Both substances were also excreted in rat urine. The two identified metabolites indicate that 1-NP was degraded to propionic acid, part of which was modified to 3-hydroxypropionic acid or NMPA. A hypothetical pathway for the biochemical generation of NMPA is suggested.(c)1989 Academic Press, Inc.
文摘Objective:To explore the time management tendency of left-behind adolescents,compare the differences of time management of left-behind.Methods:The questionnaire studies the adolescents students of major labor.Results:Left-behind adolescents are tend to form bad time management tendency(t<2.55,p<0.01)and among these left-behind adolescents there are great individual differences(F>4.24,p>0.05);16-year-old time is a critical period of forming social value of time management(F>4.24,p>0.05),the grade(F_((2,331))=3.74,p=0.03),and whether the only child(t=2.26,p=0.03)has priority to the impact of time management;the children’s age when their parents left.The left period of their parents,the parents who go out,and the visit interval all these factors affect the adolescents’time management tendency(R^(2)>0.21,p<0.001).
文摘This paper introduces the development of the Computerized Modification EquipmentResources Disposition System which was developed by using Oracle8.0 database on the severside and the PowerBuilder6.0 on the client side and runs under the Windows95 and Windows, NTnetwork environmint, its basic principle, the information flow diagram ,functional, modules,and finally applications of the system.
文摘To improve students' critical thinking is considered as a top priority by a growing number of educators.While there exists a comparable amount of research examining students' critical thinking skills,less is known about students' tendency to use these skills.Specifically,little is known about what influence critical thinking disposition has on students' academic achievement.English reading comprehension,which has been an important composition in students' English achievement,may be an important factor in developing this disposition.The current study examined the characteristics of students' critical thinking disposition and their English reading comprehension as well as exploring the correlation between the two factors mentioned above.The current study involved in 125 sophomores in English major from Jiangsu province.The results indicated that students in current research performed best in Maturity (M=37.46,SD=3.57),followed by Inquisitiveness (M=36.64,SD=4.31),Analyticity (M=34.86,SD=3.70),Truthseeking (M=33.86,SD=4.08).In contrast,they performed worst in CT Confidence (M=33.17,SD=4.57),followed by Systematicity (M=33.49,SD=5.10) and Open-mindedness (M=33.50,SD=3.67).Students scored highest in Attitude and View Category as the mean was 0.8257,followed by Reasoning and Judgment Category (M=0.8128),Induction and Generalization Category (M=0.7612),Theme Topic Category (M=0.6844),Semantic Comprehension Category (M=0.6789),while scored lowest in Fact and Detail Category (M=0.5818).There existed a positive correlation between critical thinking disposition and reading comprehension achievement (n=109;r=0.300;p<0.01).
文摘Objective:To explore the influence of blending learning on the critical thinking disposition among undergraduates.Methods:Two undergraduate classes majoring in Applied Psychology with similar level of critical thinking disposition were selected as the research subjects.Class A(106 students)was the experimental class,and class B(131 students)was the control class.During the research period of one semester(four months),the following measures were implemented for the two classes.The control class studied Developmental Psychology under the conventional teaching methods and procedures,while the experimental class studied Developmental Psychology according to the requirements and procedures of blending learning.The two classes were investigated with Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version(CTDI-CV)at the beginning and end of the course.Results:At the beginning of the course,the total scores of CTDI-CV of the two classes were(217.33±14.90)and(218.31±16.29),respectively,with no significant difference(P>0.05).At the end of the course,the total scores of CTDI-CV of the experimental class and the control class were(237.84±17.53)and(224.22±17.52),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion:Blending learning may have a positive effect in improving the critical thinking disposition in undergraduates.