Cultivation of College Students' Ability in Cross-cultural Non-verbal Communication

For a long time,students' non-verbal communicative competence is neglected by themselves as well as the teachers.Inthis paper a research is done to analyze the causes of students' non-verbal communicative failure.And some suggestions are givento cultivate students' ability in cross-cultural non-verbal Communication The students' enhanced communicative competencewill help them avoid non-verbal communicative failure and communicate effectively and appropriately in cross-cultural communi-cation.

Studies on the Avoidance of Cultural Conflicts from the Aspect of Relationship between Non-verbal Communication and Culture

Nowadays,communication with foreign people isbecoming closer.While,misunderstandings occur frequently inthis process.The main purpose of this essay is to offer some pro-posals on the problem of misunderstandings and conflicts in inter-cultural communication from the aspect of relationship betweenculture and non-verbal communication.

The Application of Non-verbal Communication Strategies in International Business Negotiations

As the economic globalization deepens, trades among nations are steadily increasing. Therefore, the international business negotiations become more and more significant. In the process of negotiations, the application of appropriate strategies is necessary for negotiators to reach an agreement smoothly. However, the non-verbal communication plays an important role to some extent in real international business negotiations. This article tends to explore the application of non-verbal strategies in the international business negotiations.

The Role of Non-verbal Behavior of Teachers in Providing Students Corrective Feedback and Their Consequences

Considering the primary focus of corrective feedback literature on verbal-correction provided by teachers and lack of attention to the role of other forms of corrective feedback in FL （foreign language） classroom interaction, this paper demonstrates how essential teachers＇ non-verbal communication and stance display are in making students＇ errors noticeable for them by providing samples from videotaped data. The findings in this study provide insights into the use of non-verbal behavior in providing students with corrective feedback. This study shows that research dealing only with verbal corrections provided by FL teachers cannot fully define the classroom interaction in terms of teachers＇ use of error correction techniques and student notification and uptake.

Non-verbal Behavior in English Course

This paper first reveals the non-verbal behavior and then further emphasizes the important of body behavior which can be used in class frequently under the classification of the non-verbal behavior. By analyzing the important role of non-verbal behavior plays in communication, the paper discusses the specific and important part that non-verbal behavior serves, especially in foreign language teaching. The paper concludes that non-verbal behavior can perform as a relation maintainer, a structure maker, and a content container. The further suggestions for teacher to facilitate are proposed.

The Silent Language of Fingers and Hands—The Role of Finger and Hand Motions in Non-verbal Communication

This paper engages in the discussion about nonverbal intercultural communication from the perspective of hand and finger gestures,probing into the functions of non-verbal cues in cross-cultural interaction,talking over two different attitudes toward gestures,and giving a detailed analysis about the silent language of some specific gestures with fingers and hands in different cultures.

Effectiveness of Teacher's Non-verbal Communication in English Classrooms of Primary Schools in China

While there is a lot of research in non-verbal communication, a limited of studies are about the situation in primary schools in Chinese context. In this paper, I will argue for the relationship between teacher's non-verbal communication and student's learning interests in primary school.

Evaluation of non-verbal cognitive function in infants with severe hearing impairment

BACKGROUND： The relationship between hearing impairment and verbal developmental deficits in infants has become a hotspot in research, focusing on improving hearing and promoting verbal development. However, language is only one element of cognition. There are other elements of non-verbal cognitive deficits in infants with hearing impairment. OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to compare the differences in gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, and behavioral development between infants with severe hearing impairment and ordinary children of the same age. DESIGN： Case-control observation. SETTING： Department of Otolaryngology-Head Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty-two infants with hearing impairment, who received treatment in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital from February to December 2007, were confirmed to suffer from severe （or extremely severe） sensorineural deafness by auditory brain-stem response （ABR） and were recruited for this study. The infants comprised 30 males and 22 females. Among them, 18 were aged 0-1 year, 18 were aged 1-2 years, and 16 were aged 2-3 years. An additional 60 individuals, aged 0-3 years, who received developmental monitoring simultaneously, and were confirmed to have normal hearing and verbal ability, were included as controls. Among the control subjects, there were 31 males and 29 females： 20 were 〈 1 year of age, 22 were between 1-2 years of age, and 18 were between 2-3 years of age. Informed consent for laboratory measurements was obtained from each infant＇s guardian, and the study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. METHODS： Infant gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, and behavioral development were assessed in the hearing impairment and control infants. Comparison results were expressed as grading standards of development quotient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Developmental quotient of all subjects was determined using ＂psychometric test battery for 0-6 year-old infants＂, revised by Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Developmental quotient of each factor ≥ 130 points and 〈 69 points was defined as excellent and mentally disabled, respectively. RESULTS： All determination results were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference in each factor between hearing-impaired and control infants, who were 1-year-old （P 〉 0.05）. The behavioral developmental quotient was significantly less in hearing-impaired infants compared to control infants, who were between 1 and 2 years of age （P 〈 0.05）. The development quotients of fine motor and behavioral development were significantly less in hearing-impaired infants than in control infants, who were 2 3 years of age （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Compared to control infants, severe hearing-impaired infants have a lower behavioral developmental quotient after 1 year and a lower fine motor developmental quotient after 2 years of age.

Detection of Turbulence Anomalies Using a Symbolic Classifier Algorithm in Airborne Quick Access Record(QAR)Data Analysis

As the risks associated with air turbulence are intensified by climate change and the growth of the aviation industry,it has become imperative to monitor and mitigate these threats to ensure civil aviation safety.The eddy dissipation rate(EDR)has been established as the standard metric for quantifying turbulence in civil aviation.This study aims to explore a universally applicable symbolic classification approach based on genetic programming to detect turbulence anomalies using quick access recorder(QAR)data.The detection of atmospheric turbulence is approached as an anomaly detection problem.Comparative evaluations demonstrate that this approach performs on par with direct EDR calculation methods in identifying turbulence events.Moreover,comparisons with alternative machine learning techniques indicate that the proposed technique is the optimal methodology currently available.In summary,the use of symbolic classification via genetic programming enables accurate turbulence detection from QAR data,comparable to that with established EDR approaches and surpassing that achieved with machine learning algorithms.This finding highlights the potential of integrating symbolic classifiers into turbulence monitoring systems to enhance civil aviation safety amidst rising environmental and operational hazards.

Machine Learning Enabled e-Learner Non-Verbal Behavior Detection in IoT Environment

Internet of Things(IoT)with e-learning is widely employed to collect data from various smart devices and share it with other ones for efficient e-learning applications.At the same time,machine learning(ML)and data mining approaches are presented for accomplishing prediction and classification processes.With this motivation,this study focuses on the design of intelligent machine learning enabled e-learner non-verbal behaviour detection(IML-ELNVBD)in IoT environment.The proposed IML-ELNVBD technique allows the IoT devices such as audio sensors,cameras,etc.which are then connected to the cloud server for further processing.In addition,the modelling and extraction of behaviour take place.Moreover,extreme learning machine sparse autoencoder(ELM-SAE)model is employed for the detection and classification of non-verbal behaviour.Finally,the Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)algorithm is utilized to properly tune the weight and bias parameters involved in the ELM-SAE model.In order to ensure the improved performance of the IML-ELNVBD model,a comprehensive simulation analysis is carried out and the results highlighted the betterment compared to the recent models.

Support from Examiner’s Non-verbal Behavior in Spoken Test

Based on the overall view of communication theory and spoken English language testing system,this paper has conducted a comprehensive and specific observation and research on how examiner non-verbal behavior has affected candidate performance.The research has found out that not only examiner behavior including non-verbal behavior but language testing scenario itself is of communicative nature and examiner’s non-verbal behavior indeed promotes examinee’s test performance,which can help to better understand spoken testing system,examiner non-verbal behavior,and testing environment to promote the development of language speaking test and reflect examinee’s real language competence and ability.

Use of Non-Verbal Representations to Define Concept of Pulse Conditions in Traditional Chinese Medicine Standards

The standardization of terms and definitions is fundamental to all activities in the domain of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).For decades,definitions of TCM terminology relied on conventional verbal representations to differentiate between related concepts.However,the ancient Chinese is obscure and comprises a massive volume of information,making it difficult to convey the definition accurately in other languages.This article proposes a potential solution that the definition for pulse terminology can be supplemented by modern means of non-verbal representation,i.e.,using pulse waveform graphs and parameters to complete the definition of each pulse.A discussion of the challenges of obtaining reliable data is also included.

I-Quiz:An Intelligent Assessment Tool for Non-Verbal Behaviour Detection

Electronic learning(e-learning)has become one of the widely used modes of pedagogy in higher education today due to the convenience and flexibility offered in comparison to traditional learning activities.Advancements in Information and Communication Technology have eased learner connectivity online and enabled access to an extensive range of learning materials on the World Wide Web.Post covid-19 pandemic,online learning has become the most essential and inevitable medium of learning in primary,secondary and higher education.In recent times,Massive Open Online Courses(MOOCs)have transformed the current education strategy by offering a technology-rich and flexible form of online learning.A key component to assess the learner’s progress and effectiveness of online teaching is the Multiple Choice Question(MCQ)assessment in most of the MOOC courses.Uncertainty exists on the reliability and validity of the assessment component as it raises a qualm whether the real knowledge acquisition level reflects upon the assessment score.This is due to the possibility of random and smart guesses,learners can attempt,as MCQ assessments are more vulnerable than essay type assessments.This paper presents the architecture,development,evaluation of the I-Quiz system,an intelligent assessment tool,which captures and analyses both the implicit and explicit non-verbal behaviour of learner and provides insights about the learner’s real knowledge acquisition level.The I-Quiz system uses an innovative way to analyse the learner non-verbal behaviour and trains the agent using machine learning techniques.The intelligent agent in the system evaluates and predicts the real knowledge acquisition level of learners.A total of 500 undergraduate engineering students were asked to attend an on-Screen MCQ assessment test using the I-Quiz system comprising 20 multiple choice questions related to advanced C programming.The non-verbal behaviour of the learner is recorded using a front-facing camera during the entire assessment period.The resultant dataset of non-verbal behaviour and question-answer scores is used to train the random forest classifier model to predict the real knowledge acquisition level of the learner.The trained model after hyperparameter tuning and cross validation achieved a normalized prediction accuracy of 85.68%.

Non-verbal Communication in the Adaptation of Literary Work-Take A Dream of Red Mansions for Instance

Apart from intercultural communication and ESL education,non-verbal communication is also an ideal method to examine the visual adaptation of literary works when it is further classified into direct and indirect communication.Whether an actor or an actress’non-verbal performances are compatible to the non-verbal behaviour of the character he or she plays is of great importance in the appraisal,which is transparent through the comparison and contrast of non-verbal communication in two versions of A Dream of Red Mansions TV series.

Cultural Messages in Chinese and English Non-verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication is a part of culture and plays a very important role in social communication.From the comparative analysis of usages and meanings of non-verbal communication between Chinese and English which people are familiar with,we can understand the Chinese and English better and strengthen the intercultural communication.

Approximately Bi-Similar Symbolic Model for Discretetime Interconnected Switched System

Dear Editor,This letter concerns the development of approximately bi-similar symbolic models for a discrete-time interconnected switched system(DT-ISS).The DT-ISS under consideration is formed by connecting multiple switched systems known as component switched systems(CSSs).Although the problem of constructing approximately bi-similar symbolic models for DT-ISS has been addressed in some literature,the previous works have relied on the assumption that all the subsystems of CSSs are incrementally input-state stable.

A Study on the Symbol-Based Narrative in the International Communication of Cities

Cultural symbols,a manifestation of cities’cultural resources,are not only signs that frame concepts but also forms that express meanings.Exploring the international communication of cities from the perspective of symbols,this paper analyzes in depth how cities create their cultural symbols in the dynamic process of international communication in an era of symbol-based digital media,and how they develop their narratives and explain meanings through the dissemination of symbols when telling their stories to international audiences,thus enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of their international communication efforts.

Symbols in The Magic Barrel

The article takes the famous modern American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud’s novel The Magic Barrel as the object of study,and uses symbolism to interpret it,analyzing it one by one in terms of the magic barrel,the colors,the seasons and the windows,respectively,so as to reveal the process of getting rid of the childishness within the novel’s male protagonist,Leo Finkel,who is maturing,as well as the novel’s Jewish theme of searching for the soul of the self.

A Study on Introducing Logical Symbols with Stories to Improve Critical Thinking with a Comparative Experiment

Critical thinking is becoming more and more important in modern society.Logical thinking is one of the core abilities of critical thinking.However,teaching logic to children faces some challenges especially when introducing logical symbols such as the implication symbol.Using stories to introduce logical symbols will address this problem and improve critical thinking.

Multidimensional Interpretation of National Spirit and Literary Education:Cultural and Educational Value of Color Symbols in Tolstoy’s Works

This article analyzes the symbolic colors red,white,and blue in Lev Tolstoy’s works,exploring their interrelation and educational significance in reflecting the Russian national spirit.The article first reviews the symbolic significance of red,white,and blue in Russian history,and then analyzes in depth the multiple connotations of colors in Tolstoy’s classic works Anna Karenina,War and Peace,and Resurrection.Through the combination of color symbols with characters’destinies,inner conflict,and historical background,this paper explores how Tolstoy’s literary works reflect the historical changes and national spirit of Russia,especially the important value in education and cultural inheritance,providing a new perspective for the study of literary education and emphasizing the educational role of color symbols in literary works in shaping national spirit and cultural identity.