基于Web of Science的2013-2022年近视研究领域文献计量分析

目的应用文献计量学方法分析近10年来近视研究领域的现状、热点和未来的发展方向。方法检索Web of Science核心数据库中2013年1月1日至2022年12月31日近视相关的研究类和综述类文献,使用VOSviewer软件对国家、研究机构、作者进行共现分析,使用CiteSpace软件对关键词和共被引参考文献进行聚类分析。结果最终纳入9745篇文献,涉及123个国家或地区,7150个机构和29343位作者。通过分析发现全球在近视领域的发文量整体呈增长趋势,中国是发文量最多的国家,来自美国的研究总被引用次数最多。关键词分析结果表明,早期近视研究热点主要集中于屈光手术、并发症的诊断与治疗、遗传学研究以及流行病学特征,而近年来研究重点已迅速转向近视的预防和控制。共被引文献聚类分析结果显示,近视领域包含多个聚类模块,如#0学龄儿童、#1小切口角膜基质透镜取出术、#2近视控制、#3屈光不正、#4接触镜等研究方向。研究前沿主要聚焦于近视管理技术、近视与视网膜和脉络膜血管、人工智能在近视领域的应用等方面。结论近十年近视研究领域涵盖眼科学、分子生物学、遗传学、眼视光学、流行病学等多个学科领域。未来需要进一步探索近视的病因和发病机制、早期识别和筛查、管理技术、人工智能辅助诊断等,以制定更加有效、安全的近视防控策略。

Characterizing structure of cross-disciplinary impact of global disciplines:A perspective of the Hierarchy of Science

Purpose:Interdisciplinary fields have become the driving force of modern science and a significant source of scientific innovation.However,there is still a paucity of analysis about the essential characteristics of disciplines’cross-disciplinary impact.Design/methodology/approach:In this study,we define cross-disciplinary impact on one discipline as its impact to other disciplines,and refer to a three-dimensional framework of variety-balance-disparity to characterize the structure of cross-disciplinary impact.The variety of cross-disciplinary impact of the discipline was defined as the proportion of the high cross-disciplinary impact publications,and the balance and disparity of cross-disciplinary impact were measured as well.To demonstrate the cross-disciplinary impact of the disciplines in science,we chose Microsoft Academic Graph(MAG)as the data source,and investigated the relationship between disciplines’cross-disciplinary impact and their positions in the Hierarchy of Science(HOS).Findings:Analytical results show that there is a significant correlation between the ranking of cross-disciplinary impact and the HOS structure,and that the discipline exerts a greater cross-disciplinary impact on its neighboring disciplines.Several bibliometric features that measure the hardness of a discipline,including the number of references,the number of cited disciplines,the citation distribution,and the Price index have a significant positive effect on the variety of cross-disciplinary impact.The number of references,the number of cited disciplines,and the citation distribution have significant positive and negative effects on balance and disparity,respectively.It is concluded that the less hard the discipline,the greater the cross-disciplinary impact,the higher balance and the lower disparity of cross-disciplinary impact.Research limitations:In the empirical analysis of HOS,we only included five broad disciplines.This study also has some biases caused by the data source and applied regression models.Practical implications:This study contributes to the formulation of discipline-specific policies and promotes the growth of interdisciplinary research,as well as offering fresh insights for predicting the cross-disciplinary impact of disciplines.Originality/value:This study provides a new perspective to properly understand the mechanisms of cross-disciplinary impact and disciplinary integration.

Science and Technology Commissioners Supporting High-Quality Development Project for Hundreds of Counties, Thousands of Towns, and Myriads of Villages in the Context of Rural Revitalization

This paper discusses the important role of science and technology commissioners in the high-quality development of hundreds of counties,thousands of towns,and myriads of villages in the context of rural revitalization,including building bridges,accelerating the transformation of achievements,promoting the value-added of the whole agricultural industry chain,and promoting the rapid development of rural industrial economy.It also discusses the working achievements of science and technology commissioners,in order to promote further development of rural revitalization in Guangdong Province.

Knowledge-reused transfer learning for molecular and materials science

Leveraging big data analytics and advanced algorithms to accelerate and optimize the process of molecular and materials design, synthesis, and application has revolutionized the field of molecular and materials science, allowing researchers to gain a deeper understanding of material properties and behaviors,leading to the development of new materials that are more efficient and reliable. However, the difficulty in constructing large-scale datasets of new molecules/materials due to the high cost of data acquisition and annotation limits the development of conventional machine learning(ML) approaches. Knowledgereused transfer learning(TL) methods are expected to break this dilemma. The application of TL lowers the data requirements for model training, which makes TL stand out in researches addressing data quality issues. In this review, we summarize recent progress in TL related to molecular and materials. We focus on the application of TL methods for the discovery of advanced molecules/materials, particularly, the construction of TL frameworks for different systems, and how TL can enhance the performance of models. In addition, the challenges of TL are also discussed.

The State of Geological Sciences in the USSR by the Mid-Twentieth Century

The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of VASKhNIL.The publication of the transcript of the session of geologists is based on the original verified transcript from the Geological Institute and the Archive RAS.It presented reports on the main scientific directions of geology:stratigraphy,the Quaternary geology,lithology,geotectonics,petrography and petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry,and the geology of ore and coal deposits.This thick book details all the Q&A sessions,discussions of theories,methods,and practice among the leading Soviet geoscientists.The session and its resolution describe the situation and development of geology in the USSR in the mid-twentieth century as well as the collateral impact of the Lysenko affair on the earth sciences in the USSR.

Coordination Mechanism and Empirical Research on Marine Science Technology Innovation and Marine Eco-civilization:A Case Study of Coastal Areas of China

Marine science technology innovation provides power and guarantees for marine eco-civilization construction,which provides direction and material support for marine science technology innovation.Therefore,the coordinated development of the two is of great significance to the marine economy sustainable development in China’s coastal areas.On the basis of clarifying the connotations of marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization in China’s coastal areas from 2006 to 2019,the mechanism for their coordinated development was analysed.A comprehensive indicator system based on the connotation of the two was constructed,and the coordinated development relationship was empirically tested using the coupled coordination model and the panel vector autoregressive(PVAR)model.The results show that:1)the level of China’s coastal marine science technology innovation continues to improve,gradually forming the core of the development of marine science technology innovation in the north,east and south of Shandong,Shanghai and Guangdong;the level of marine eco-civilization development fluctuating upward trend,showing obvious spatial differentiation characteristics.2)The degree of coordination of marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization is growing over time.There is no causal relationship between marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization in the northern marine economic circle,but there is a two-way causal relationship between the two in the eastern and southern marine economic circles.3)Marine eco-civilization shows a significant positive and continuous impact on marine science technology innovation,and marine science technology innovation shows a long-term,continuous,fluctuating,and lagging impact on marine eco-civilization.The overall role of marine eco-civilization on marine science technology innovation is dominant,and there are significant differences in the impact effects of the two major marine economic circles.

Recent geomagnetic storms observed by Macao Science Satellite-1

Geomagnetic storms are rapid disturbances of the Earth’s magnetosphere.They are related to many geophysical phenomena and have large influences on human activities.Observing and studying geomagnetic storms is thus of great significance to both scientific research and geomagnetic hazards prevention.The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)project includes two high-precision Chinese geomagnetic satellites successfully launched on May 21,2023.The main purpose of MSS-1 is to accurately measure the Earth’s magnetic field.Here,we analyze early MSS-1 geomagnetic field measurements and report observations of two recent geomagnetic storms that occurred on March 24,2024 and May 11,2024.We also calculate the related geoelectric fields as an initial step towards a quantitative assessment of geomagnetic hazards.

Multi-disciplinary Pathways to Computing:A Scalable and Col aborative Approach to Capitalize on the Demand for Computer Science Education

The number of students demanding computer science(CS)education is rapidly rising,and while faculty sizes are also growing,the traditional pipeline consisting of a CS major,a CS master’s,and then a move to industry or a Ph.D.program is simply not scalable.To address this problem,the Department of Computing at the University of Illinois has introduced a multidisciplinary approach to computing,which is a scalable and collaborative approach to capitalize on the tremendous demand for computer science education.The key component of the approach is the blended major,also referred to as“CS+X”,where CS denotes computer science and X denotes a non-computing field.These CS+X blended degrees enable win-win partnerships among multiple subject areas,distributing the educational responsibilities while growing the entire university.To meet the demand from non-CS majors,another pathway that is offered is a graduate certificate program in addition to the traditional minor program.To accommodate the large number of students,scalable teaching tools,such as automatic graders,have also been developed.

English-Chinese Translation of Science and Technology Texts Based on the Differences Between Chinese and Western Modes of Thinking

As a tool for human communication,the use of language is affected by the way of thinking in cross-cultural communication.Due to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures,the way of thinking varies under the influence of such cultural differences.In the process of translation,the influence of the different thinking mode on translation activities cannot be ignored.At present,a lot of studies and researches have focused on the influence of Chinese and Western thinking mode on translation.However,it is still worthwhile to study what specific influence the difference between Chinese and Western thinking mode will exert on the translation process of science texts and what kind of measure should be taken to solve the negative influence brought by the differences when we are translating.This paper aims to discuss the influence of thinking differences between Chinese and Western countries on the process of English-Chinese translation of science and technology from the perspectives of long sentences,passive voice and nominalization,and how the translators should appropriately adjust their thinking pattern and use reasonable skills to eliminate the potential negative interference caused by the difference and achieve a better transformation between English and Chinese.

Organic Combination of Smart Agriculture and Farming-reading Education : Research on Talent Training Model in the New Agricultural Science

By analyzing the complementarity between smart agriculture and farming-reading education,and the advantages of organic combination of the two:addressing the challenges of agricultural modernization and cultivating new talents;enhancing students interest in learning and improving their sense of responsibility and mission;promoting the inheritance of traditional agricultural culture and modern agricultural technology innovation,the organic combination mode of smart agriculture and farming-reading education in the cultivation of new agricultural talents is explored.The analysis shows that it has the following applications in the cultivation of new agricultural talents:in terms of the integration of educational concepts,it combines the modern concept of smart agriculture with the traditional value of farming-reading education;in terms of constructing a curriculum system and adding courses related to smart agriculture,it retains basic courses in farming-reading education,and promotes interdisciplinary integration;in terms of practical teaching platforms,it establishes smart agriculture training bases and farming-reading education bases,and adopts a combination of virtual and real teaching methods;in terms of guiding innovation and entrepreneurship,it encourages students to participate in innovation and entrepreneurship projects,and strengthens industry-university-research cooperation;in terms of teacher team construction,it improves the quality of the teacher team and integrates educational resources both inside and outside the school.Moreover,its evaluation system and incentive mechanism are proposed:constructing a multi-dimensional evaluation system,combining quantitative and qualitative,process and result evaluation,and introducing the third-party evaluation;establishing scholarships and grants,providing support for innovation and entrepreneurship,conducting honor recognition and publicity,and offering career development support.

China’s Space Science Satellite Series-A Review and Future Perspective

The National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(NSSC,CAS),as the leading institute responsible for the overall management of scientific satellite missions in China,is China’s gateway to space science.NSSC is the cradle of China’s first artificial satellite“Dongfanghong-1”(DFH-1).In the course of more than 60 years’development,NSSC has led the implementation of“Double Star Program”,the first science-driven space mission in China,and successively implemented a fleet of scientific missions under the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(Phase I and II),such as the Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE,or Wukong),the Quantum Experiments at Space Scale(QUESS,or Micius),the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT,or Insight),the Taiji-1,the Advanced space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S,or Kuafu)and the Einstein Probe(EP).Currently,the space science satellite series has been established,yielding substantial scientific output.For the future,the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE),a China-ESA joint mission,will be launched in 2025.In addition,the newly released National Mid-and Long-term Program for Space Science Development in China(2024-2050),the first of its kind at the national level,has identified five key scientific themes.A fleet of future scientific missions revolving these themes will deepen mankind’s scientific understanding of the universe.

An Interview-Based Study of the Factors Influencing the Quality of Professional Training of Science Education Graduates

The proposal of the strategy of developing the country through science education has clarified China’s demand for the development of the science and education industry and the cultivation of science and education talents,and the birth of Science Education majors is an important link in the cultivation of scientific literacy.Based on the grounded theory,we interviewed three Science Education graduates from a university and coded the interview data by using NVivo 12.0 to find eight important factors affecting their professional training and employment choices.The factors are“social factors,”“individual career choice factors,”“campus resources,”“employment advantages,”“professional self-development,”“teacher factors,”“planning for further education and employment,”and“student motivation.”This study analyzes the interaction between the influencing factors,constructs a theoretical model of the influencing factors of the quality of Science Education professional training,explores the problems of the training process of Science Education majors and employment dilemmas,and puts forward corresponding suggestions.

Diversity of Macro Invertebrates of the River Rwizi in Western Uganda: A Citizen Science-BioBlitz Approach

This study elucidates the pivotal role of citizen science-BioBlitz methodologies for rapid assessment of the macro-invertebrate taxa within the threatened River Rwizi of South-western Uganda. Utilizing a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, the investigation focused on six distinct river segments to demonstrate the efficacy of participatory citizen science-BioBlitz approaches conducted by experts, students and community volunteers. BioBlitz events included rigorous macro-invertebrate sampling at each of the selected sites along River Rwizi on nine occasions, incorporating collaborative taxonomic identification procedures involving experts, students, and the local community. Analyzing pollution concerns, diversity metrics, and community narratives yielded insights into river health and socio-ecological dynamics. A total of 43 macro-invertebrate families across 17 orders were documented with class Insecta dominating. Participants in BioBlitz events expressed predominantly positive sentiments, emphasizing satisfaction, education, and heightened awareness, besides negative sentiments rooted in historical mistrust. Intriguingly, the study unveiled an unforeseen trend in macro-invertebrate taxa richness, rising from upstream to urban sprawl and diminishing at peri-urban downstream sites. The study underscores the potential of citizen science-BioBlitz methodologies in advancing community science education and unraveling the intricate dynamics of threatened river ecosystems. The insights offered are invaluable for policymakers and conservationists seeking effective strategies to address challenges in the River Rwizi and comparable ecosystems. .

基于Web of Science对土壤胶体影响重金属行为研究的计量分析

为全面了解土壤胶体影响重金属行为方向的研究现状和前沿动态,基于Web of Science(WoS)核心合集数据库,利用WoS自带分析工具、HistCite引文图谱分析软件、VOSviewer和Citespace可视化分析软件对1990—2021年间土壤胶体影响重金属行为的文献进行了计量分析。结果表明,在世界范围内该方向的发文量逐年稳步增长,我国相关研究起步较晚,但近些年呈现迅猛发展的势头。目前土壤胶体影响重金属行为研究发文量最多的国家和研究机构分别是美国和中国科学院,发文量最高的期刊为Environmental Science&Technology,主要研究学科为环境科学与生态学的交叉学科。关键词聚类分析显示“土壤胶体颗粒粒径分级与重金属的形态分布”、“土壤胶体的释放、沉积及对重金属的吸附作用”和“土壤胶体颗粒的迁移机制与迁移模型研究”为主要的研究主题,人工纳米颗粒在土壤中的行为、迁移转化以及生物有效性是现阶段的研究热点。利用场流分离技术结合单粒子电感耦合等离子体质谱等技术,探讨土壤胶体与人工纳米颗粒之间发生的复杂相互作用及其对人工纳米颗粒迁移归趋与环境命运的影响,是未来的主要研究方向。

土壤重金属污染研究回顾与展望--基于web of science数据库的文献计量分析

土壤是人类赖以生存的主要资源之一。土壤污染特别是重金属污染已经成为全球面临的一个亟待解决的问题。为了深入了解土壤重金属污染研究的全球状况和前沿动态,比较客观地反映相关国家在该领域的科学能力和科学影响,采用ISIWebofKnowledge的WebofScience引文数据库,选用普通检索方式,以土壤重金属污染作为主题检索词,对1990～2008年之间该库收录的相关文献进行了计量分析。结果表明,美国土壤重金属污染发文量领先于其他国家,占全部发文量的15%;国际上发文量居前10位的期刊平均影响因子为2.608,最主要的期刊有Environmental Pollution、Science of the Total Environmental和Water Air and Soil Pollution;中国科学院、浙江大学和香港浸会大学的土壤重金属污染发文量在中国位居前3位。

e-Science的特点及文献情报机构的应对措施

e-Science 的出现,不仅会给整个科研协作模式带来彻底性的影响,更是给文献情报机构带来发展的契机与挑战。本文通过分析 e-Science 的发展特点,指出文献情报机构针对目前国内 e-Science 的发展现状而须采取的有效应对措施,就是给与 e-Science 密切相关的决策机构与科研机构提供国外在 e-Science 建设方面的管理经验与运作模式的有用信息。

基于Web of Science全球小麦低温逆境的研究态势分析

低温逆境已成为限制全球小麦稳产丰产与优质的主要农业气象灾害之一。为客观全面地了解全球小麦低温逆境领域的研究现状和发展趋势,基于Web of Science核心数据库中2000-2020年发表的以“小麦”和“低温”为研究主题的相关文献为数据源,利用CiteSpace可视化分析软件对检索到与主题密切相关的475篇文献从发文数量、发文国家、发文作者、研究机构、研究热点等方面进行统计分析。结果表明:自2000年以来,小麦低温逆境领域年发文数量总体呈波动上升趋势;以中国、美国和加拿大等国家为代表的农业大国均致力于该领域的研究;美国学者Skin⁃ner是该领域发文量最多的作者,与其他学者合作密切的有李向楠和Fowler;该领域文献多发表于《Molecular Genetics and Genomics》和《Annual Review of Plant Biology》等优质期刊上;俄罗斯科学院是该领域发文量最多的科研机构;耐低温小麦新品种培育、耐寒分子生物学研究以及提高小麦产质量等方面成为该领域的研究热点。

基于Web of Science数据库的淀粉多酚相互作用研究的可视化分析

为了解淀粉多酚相互作用的研究现状和发展趋势,采用文献计量学方法,以Web of Science核心合集数据库出版日期为2010-01-01至2024-04-18的论文为研究对象,进行可视化分析,为相关学科的研究提供参考。结果显示:淀粉多酚相互作用研究领域的年发文量总体呈上升趋势;中国研究机构在该领域发文数量优势明显,但在影响力方面与新西兰、澳大利亚和西班牙等国的研究机构相比还有一定差距;该领域研究热点主要集中在食品科学技术与化学学科方向,但同时也展示出多学科交叉融合的发展趋势。消化、特性、相互作用、生物利用度、抗菌活性、分子对接、复合物、纳米颗粒、活性膜等方面是该领域的研究前沿。

适宜环境与生态研究的e-science探讨

环境与生态研究从定性、定量向多学科、多尺度、大范围的团队参与的综合集成研究方向发展,计算机、网络、数据、模式模型技术的逐渐成熟与完备,为环境和生态需要的e-science支持平台建设提供了技术和研究基础。分析环境与生态集成研究典型模型基本过程得出,适合环境和生态研究的e-science由数据平台、模型模式平台、协同与沟通平台、管理平台组成。其中:①定点、定位、互联网、传感器网格、空间数据采集与处理,以及再分析数据生成的数据支持平台是e-science的基础;②包括模型库、模式库、协同建模环境、模拟环境、软件开发环境的模型平台是e-science支持集成研究的核心;③模型、模式之间的协同,以及数据平台中数据接口和扩展接口驱动的开发与集成环境,数据与模型模式和模拟计算的内部协同工作平台是e-science应用的关键;④完善的结果展示、输出和资源调度的管理平台是e-science的窗口。以生态经济、水文研究为例进行的初步实验表明,四层结构的e-science框架基本符合环境和生态研究过程的需要。

科学研究的信息化:e-Science的产生和发展

本文介绍了e-Science的概念、特点及其产生的原因,分析了e-Science在国外发展的情况。