Study of Polluted Insulator Flashover Forecasting Based on Nonlinear Time Series Analysis

To solve the problem of the flashover forecasting of contaminated or polluted insulator,a flashover forecasting model of contaminated insulators based on nonlinear time series analysis is proposed in the paper.The ESDD is the key of flashover on polluted insulator.The ESDD value of insulator can be forecasted by the method of nonlinear time series analysis of the ESDD time series and a forecasting model of polluted insulator flashover is proposed in the paper.The forecasting model consists of two artificial neural networks that reflect relationship of environment,ESDD and flashover probability.The first is used to estimate the ESDD time series of insulator and the second is employed to calculate the probability of the flashover.A series of artificial pollution tests show that the results of the forecasting model is acceptable.

Nonlinear combined forecasting model based on fuzzy adaptive variable weight and its application

In order to enhance forecasting precision of problems about nonlinear time series in a complex industry system,a new nonlinear fuzzy adaptive variable weight combined forecasting model was established by using conceptions of the relative error,the change tendency of the forecasted object,gray basic weight and adaptive control coefficient on the basis of the method of fuzzy variable weight.Based on Visual Basic 6.0 platform,a fuzzy adaptive variable weight combined forecasting and management system was developed.The application results reveal that the forecasting precisions from the new nonlinear combined forecasting model are higher than those of other single combined forecasting models and the combined forecasting and management system is very powerful tool for the required decision in complex industry system.

Ensemble Forecasts of Tropical Cyclone Track with Orthogonal Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbations

This paper preliminarily investigates the application of the orthogonal conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations(CNOPs)–based ensemble forecast technique in MM5(Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model). The results show that the ensemble forecast members generated by the orthogonal CNOPs present large spreads but tend to be located on the two sides of real tropical cyclone(TC) tracks and have good agreements between ensemble spreads and ensemble-mean forecast errors for TC tracks. Subsequently, these members reflect more reasonable forecast uncertainties and enhance the orthogonal CNOPs–based ensemble-mean forecasts to obtain higher skill for TC tracks than the orthogonal SVs(singular vectors)–, BVs(bred vectors)– and RPs(random perturbations)–based ones. The results indicate that orthogonal CNOPs of smaller magnitudes should be adopted to construct the initial ensemble perturbations for short lead–time forecasts, but those of larger magnitudes should be used for longer lead–time forecasts due to the effects of nonlinearities. The performance of the orthogonal CNOPs–based ensemble-mean forecasts is case-dependent,which encourages evaluating statistically the forecast skill with more TC cases. Finally, the results show that the ensemble forecasts with only initial perturbations in this work do not increase the forecast skill of TC intensity, which may be related with both the coarse model horizontal resolution and the model error.

Extended Range(10–30 Days) Heavy Rain Forecasting Study Based on a Nonlinear Cross-Prediction Error Model

Extended range （10-30 d） heavy rain forecasting is difficult but performs an important function in disaster prevention and mitigation. In this paper, a nonlinear cross prediction error （NCPE） algorithm that combines nonlinear dynamics and statistical methods is proposed. The method is based on phase space reconstruction of chaotic single-variable time series of precipitable water and is tested in 100 global cases of heavy rain. First, nonlinear relative dynamic error for local attractor pairs is calculated at different stages of the heavy rain process, after which the local change characteristics of the attractors are analyzed. Second, the eigen-peak is defined as a prediction indicator based on an error threshold of about 1.5, and is then used to analyze the forecasting validity period. The results reveal that the prediction indicator features regarded as eigenpeaks for heavy rain extreme weather are all reflected consistently, without failure, based on the NCPE model; the prediction validity periods for 1-2 d, 3-9 d and 10-30 d are 4, 22 and 74 cases, respectively, without false alarm or omission. The NCPE model developed allows accurate forecasting of heavy rain over an extended range of 10-30 d and has the potential to be used to explore the mechanisms involved in the development of heavy rain according to a segmentation scale. This novel method provides new insights into extended range forecasting and atmospheric predictability, and also allows the creation of multi-variable chaotic extreme weather prediction models based on high spatiotemporal resolution data.

A nonlinear combination forecasting method based on the fuzzy inference system

It has been shown in recent economic and statistical studies that combining forecasts may produce more accurate forecasts than individual ones. However, the literature on combining forecasts has almost exclusively focused on linear combining forecasts. In this paper, a new nonlinear combination forecasting method based on fuzzy inference system is present to overcome the difficulties and drawbacks in linear combination modeling of non-stationary time series. Furthermore, the optimization algorithm based on a hierarchical structure of learning automata is used to identify the parameters of the fuzzy system. Experiment results related to numerical examples demonstrate that the new technique has excellent identification performances and forecasting accuracy superior to other existing linear combining forecasts.

Nonlinear Evolution Characteristics of the NCEP Ensemble Forecast Products

By using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis products to forecast the nonlinear evolution of the spatial and temporal characteristics, the results shows that on the Spatial dimensions, NCEP ensemble forecast that the products of nonlinear evolution have obvious zonal features. The overall distribution situation is the nonlinear evolution of the southern hemisphere, which is larger than that of the northern hemisphere. In the same hemisphere, low value area is near the equator, and high value area for middle and high latitude area. On the time dimension, the nonlinear evolution of NCEP ensemble prediction products will increase with the extension of the forecast period. In addition, the nonlinear evolution of NCEP ensemble forecast products in North America is greater than the Asian region.

Forecasting Practice from Box-Cox Transformation Models

In this paper, forecasting analysis to Box Cox transformation models with a practical example is considered. Based on chosen generalized functional form, variables influencing passenger are selected by statistic mechanism, not just by subjective judgment or dependent on certain specified model, and forecasting models are constructed. Comparing with typical linear regression forecasting models, nonlinear forecasting models are more effective and precise. Based on collecting data and final forecasting models, forecasting results are obtained and forecasting errors are analyzed. Finally, some helpful conclusions can be drawn from this study.

哈里斯鹰算法在广义非线性马斯京根参数优化中的应用——以洛河为例

马斯京根模型在河道洪水演算中发挥着重要作用,其演算精度在于参数的优选。针对目前马斯京根参数率定中存在的求解复杂、精度不高等问题,提出利用哈里斯鹰算法对其参数进行优化,这种方法具有广泛的全局搜索能力,且需要调节的参数较少。以黄河支流洛河为研究对象,利用广义非线性马斯京根模型对宜阳—白马寺段的河道进行洪水演算,且分别用哈里斯鹰算法、粒子群算法和蚁群算法对其参数进行优化。结果表明,基于哈里斯鹰算法的广义非线性马斯京根模型在洛河宜阳—白马寺段的演算精度较高,其Min.SSD为1237,洪峰误差DPO仅为5,均优于粒子群算法和蚁群算法优化后的结果,其成果适合应用于洛河宜阳—白马寺段的洪水预报工作。

基于tSNE-LSTM算法的工业预测模型

随着工业生产的复杂性和规模的增加,准确的工业预测模型对于提高生产效率和降低成本至关重要。为此,提出一种基于tSNE-LSTM算法的工业预测模型来预测工业生产过程的温度。将t-SNE应用于数据降维和特征提取,然后使用LSTM进行序列建模和预测。该模型结合了t-SNE降维和LSTM循环神经网络的优势,能够有效地捕捉时间序列数据的非线性动态特征,并进行准确预测。在实际工业数据集上的实验验证结果表明,该模型在工业预测任务中具有较高的准确性和鲁棒性。

System Dynamics Approach to Urban Water Demand Forecasting—A Case Study of Tianjin

A system dynamics approach to urban water demand forecasting was developed based on the analysis of urban water resources system, which was characterized by multi-feedback and nonlinear interactions among sys-tem elements. As an example, Tianjin water resources system dynamic model was set up to forecast water resources demand of the planning years. The practical verification showed that the relative error was lower than 10%. Fur-thermore, through the comparison and analysis of the simulation results under different development modes pre-sented in this paper, the forecasting results of the water resources demand of Tianjin was achieved based on sustain-able utilization strategy of water resources.

Nonlinear Time Series Prediction Using Chaotic Neural Networks

A nonlinear feedback term is introduced into the evaluation equation of weights of the backpropagation algorithm for neural network, the network becomes a chaotic one. For the purpose of that we can investigate how the different feedback terms affect the process of learning and forecasting, we use the model to forecast the nonlinear time series which is produced by Makey-Glass equation. By selecting the suitable feedback term, the system can escape from the local minima and converge to the global minimum or its approximate solutions, and the forecasting results are better than those of backpropagation algorithm.

A workload-based nonlinear approach for predicting available computing resources

Performance degradation or system resource exhaustion can be attributed to inadequate computing resources as a result of software aging.In the real world,the workload of a web server varies with time,which will cause a nonlinear aging phenomenon.The nonlinear property often makes analysis and modelling difficult.Workload is one of the important factors influencing the speed of aging.This paper quantitatively analyzes the workload-aging relation and proposes a framework for aging control under varying workloads.In addition,this paper proposes an approach that employs prior information of workloads to accurately forecast incoming system exhaustion.The workload data are used as a threshold to divide the system resource usage data into multiple sections,while in each section the workload data can be treated as a constant.Each section is described by an individual autoregression(AR)model.Compared with other AR models,the proposed approach can forecast the aging process with a higher accuracy.

Can Adaptive Observations Improve Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts?

In order to investigate whether adaptive observations can improve tropical cyclone （TC） intensity forecasts,observing system simulation experiments （OSSEs） were conducted for 20 TC cases originating in the western North Pacific during the 2010 season according to the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation （CNOP） sensitivity,using the fifth version of the PSU/NCAR mesoscale model （MM5） and its 3DVAR assimilation system.A new intensity index was defined as the sum of the number of grid points within an allocated square centered at the corresponding forecast TC central position,that satisfy constraints associated with the Sea Level Pressure （SLP）,near-surface horizontal wind speed,and accumulated convective precipitation.The higher the index value is,the more intense the TC is.The impacts of the CNOP sensitivity on the intensity forecast were then estimated.The OSSE results showed that for 15 of the 20 cases there were improvements,with reductions of forecast errors in the range of 0.12％-8.59％,which were much less than in track forecasts.The indication,therefore,is that the CNOP sensitivity has a generally positive effect on TC intensity forecasts,but only to a certain degree.We conclude that factors such as the use of a coupled model,or better initialization of the TC vortex,are more important for an accurate TC intensity forecast.

Comparison of Nonlinear Local Lyapunov Vectors with Bred Vectors, Random Perturbations and Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter Strategies in a Barotropic Model

The breeding method has been widely used to generate ensemble perturbations in ensemble forecasting due to its simple concept and low computational cost. This method produces the fastest growing perturbation modes to catch the growing components in analysis errors. However, the bred vectors （BVs） are evolved on the same dynamical flow, which may increase the dependence of perturbations. In contrast, the nonlinear local Lyapunov vector （NLLV） scheme generates flow-dependent perturbations as in the breeding method, but regularly conducts the Gram-Schmidt reorthonormalization processes on the perturbations. The resulting NLLVs span the fast-growing perturbation subspace efficiently, and thus may grasp more com- ponents in analysis errors than the BVs. In this paper, the NLLVs are employed to generate initial ensemble perturbations in a barotropic quasi-geostrophic model. The performances of the ensemble forecasts of the NLLV method are systematically compared to those of the random pertur- bation （RP） technique, and the BV method, as well as its improved version--the ensemble transform Kalman filter （ETKF） method. The results demonstrate that the RP technique has the worst performance in ensemble forecasts, which indicates the importance of a flow-dependent initialization scheme. The ensemble perturbation subspaces of the NLLV and ETKF methods are preliminarily shown to catch similar components of analysis errors, which exceed that of the BVs. However, the NLLV scheme demonstrates slightly higher ensemble forecast skill than the ETKF scheme. In addition, the NLLV scheme involves a significantly simpler algorithm and less computation time than the ETKF method, and both demonstrate better ensemble forecast skill than the BV scheme.

Intelligent Forecasting of Sintered Ore’s Chemical Components Based on SVM

Using object mathematical model of traditional control theory can not solve the forecasting problem of the chemical components of sintered ore.In order to control complicated chemical components in the manufacturing process of sintered ore,some key techniques for intelligent forecasting of the chemical components of sintered ore are studied in this paper.A new intelligent forecasting system based on SVM is proposed and realized.The results show that the accuracy of predictive value of every component is more than 90%.The application of our system in related companies is for more than one year and has shown satisfactory results.

Artificial Neural Network for Combining Forecasts

This paper proposes artificial neural networks (ANN) as a tool for nonlinear combination of forecasts. In this study, three forecasting models are used for individual forecasts, and then two linear combining methods are used to compare with the ANN combining method. The comparative experiment using real--world data shows that the prediction by the ANN method outperforms those by linear combining methods. The paper suggests that the ANN combining method can be used as- an alternative to conventional linear combining methods to achieve greater forecasting accuracy.

Responses of River Runoff to Climate Change Based on Nonlinear Mixed Regression Model in Chaohe River Basin of Hebei Province, China

Taking the nonlinear nature of runoff system into account,and combining auto-regression method and multi-regression method,a Nonlinear Mixed Regression Model (NMR) was established to analyze the impact of temperature and precipitation changes on annual river runoff process. The model was calibrated and verified by using BP neural network with observed meteorological and runoff data from Daiying Hydrological Station in the Chaohe River of Hebei Province in 1956–2000. Compared with auto-regression model,linear multi-regression model and linear mixed regression model,NMR can improve forecasting precision remarkably. Therefore,the simulation of climate change scenarios was carried out by NMR. The results show that the nonlinear mixed regression model can simulate annual river runoff well.

基于SSA-BiLSTM非线性组合方法的光伏功率预测

采用多种模型进行线性组合来对光伏功率预测,能有效避免收敛性差、可靠性低等缺点。线性组合模型中,将单一模型之间简为线性关系能简化组合模型计算,但会使预测精度降低。针对此问题,提出一种基于麻雀搜索算法(SSA)优化双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)非线性组合方法的预测模型。首先,利用基于核改进的模糊C均值聚类算法(KFCM)和变分模态分解(VMD)对原始数据样本进行预处理;然后,采用Elman和SSA-BiLSTM对经过预处理后的光伏功率进行建模预测;最后,通过麻雀搜索算法优化双向长短期记忆网络对两个单一模型进行非线性组合,建立短期光伏功率非线性组合模型。通过某个光伏电站实测数据建立对比算例,结果表明所提组合模型在不同天气下的RMSE和MAE平均值分别为0.689 kW和0.540 kW,均优于其他对比模型,验证了所提组合模型的有效性和优越性。

基于改进非线性自回归网络的洪水预测算法

针对流域的洪水预测具有高度非线性和随机性的问题,提出了一种混合预测模型用于流域的洪水预测.该模型是一个集成了数据预处理模块的具有外部输入的非线性自回归神经网络,采用小波变换进行时间序列分解,利用多基因遗传编程进行细节缩放,以提高时域和频域特性的提取能力,进一步捕获时间序列的非平稳性,与NARX结合可以大幅提高洪水预测的准确性,利用栾川水文站15年中所测水文数据对所提模型进行验证和测试.实验结果表明,相比较于传统算法和其他预测算法,所提出的算法具有更高的预测准确度和性能,可广泛应用在洪水预测等领域.

基于XAJ-DCH模型的五强溪库区洪水预报研究

由于沅水水系五强溪水库流域面积大,流量控制站少,且洪水进入库区后,洪水波的传播方式变化较大,因此五强溪水库近坝区的洪水预报难度大。为提高五强溪库区洪水预报精度,采用XAJ-DCH模型(Xin′anjiang Digital Channel Model)对近坝区2016~2020年间13场洪水进行模拟,模型河道汇流分别采用了非线性水库法和马斯京根法,根据两种汇流方法的特点制定了两种不同的洪水预报方案。模拟结果表明:XAJ-DCH模型中两种河道演算方法均表现良好且简单实用,13场洪水的确定性系数基本位于0.7以上。非线性水库方法相比于马斯京根法考虑了河段断面情况以及水力特性,能够体现洪水运动的时空变化,且只需要率定河道糙率,其他参数如河道坡降、河宽以及河段长均可根据数字高程模型进行估计;马斯京根法需要率定4个河道参数,但马斯京根法模拟结果相比于非线性水库方法稍好。研究成果可为科学有效开展库区洪水预报、提高预报精度提供参考。