Three-Dimensional Thermo-Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Method Modeling for Predicting Weld-Induced Residual Stresses and Distortions in Steel Stiffened-Plate Structures

The objective of the present paper is to develop nonlinear finite element method models for predicting the weld-induced initial deflection and residual stress of plating in steel stiffened-plate structures. For this purpose, three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method computations are performed with varying plate thickness and weld bead length (leg length) in welded plate panels, the latter being associated with weld heat input. The finite element models are verified by a comparison with experimental database which was obtained by the authors in separate studies with full scale measurements. It is concluded that the nonlinear finite element method models developed in the present paper are very accurate in terms of predicting the weld-induced initial imperfections of steel stiffened plate structures. Details of the numerical computations together with test database are documented.

Analytical Model of Nonlinear Semi-rigid Frames Using Finite Element Method

Performance-based design for a constructional steel frame in nonlinear-plastic region requires an improvement in order to achieve a reliable structural analysis.The need to explicitly consider the nonlinear behaviour of structures makes the numerical modelling approach much more favourable than expensive and potentially dangerous experimental work.The parameters considered in the analysis are not limited to the linear change of geometry and material yielding,but also include the effect of large deformations,geometrical imperfections,load eccentricities,residual stresses,strain-unloading,and the nonlinear boundary conditions.Such analysis requires the use of accurate mathematical modelling and effective numerical procedures for solving equations of equilibrium.With that in mind,this paper presents the mathematical formulations and finite element procedures of nonlinear inelastic steel frame analysis with quasi-static semi-rigid connections.Verification and validation of the developed analytical procedures are conducted and good agreements are obtained.It is an approach that enables the structural behaviour of constructional steel frames to be traced throughout the entire range of loading until failure.It also provides information on the derivation of the structural analysis by using finite element method.

Numerical Analysis of the Structure of High-Strength Double-Layer Steel Plate Concrete Shaft by Drilling Method of Water-Bearing Weak Rock Formation

In order to ensure the safety of coal mine shaft construction, a double-layer steel plate concrete composite shaft wall structure was proposed. However, fewer studies were conducted on this structure, which made engineers too confused to fully recognize its feasibility of this structure. Hence, based on the previous experimental research on the Taohutu mine construction project in Ordos in Inner Mongolia, this research paper aims to provide a widely deep numerical analysis by the usage of the finite element software, in fact, to establish the corresponding numerical analysis model and make a comparison with the experimental data to get the rationality of the verified model. The influence of the composite characteristics of the steel plate and concrete on the ultimate bearing capacity and stress field of the shaft wall structure is studied here through the method of multi-factor analysis. Also, the optimal design scheme of the double-layer steel plate and concrete composite shaft wall structure is proposed in this research paper.

Nonlinear static response of piezoelectric plates considering electro-mechanical coupling

Nonlinear static analysis of piezoelectric plates has been carried out using nonlinear finite element method considering electro-mechanical coupling,The geometrical nonlinearity has been taken into account and electric potential is assumed to be quadratic across the plate thickness,The governing equations are obtained using potential energy and Hamilton's principle that includes elastic and piezoelectric effects.The finite element model is derived based on constitutive equation of piezoelectric material accounting for coupling between elasticity and electric effect using higher order plate elements,Results are presented for piezoelectric plate under different mechanical boundary conditions,Numerical results for the plate are given in dimensionless graphical forms.Effects of boundary conditions on linear and nonlinear response of the plate are also studied.The numerical results obtained by the present model are in good agreement with the available solutions reported in the literature.

Distribution of Welding Residual Stress of Mixed Steel U-Rib-Stiffened Plates

To analyze the effects of width and thickness of each composition element of mixed steel U-rib-stiffened plates on the welding residual stress distribution, the distribution of the U-rib and the plate residual stress was calculated using a simplified calculation method. The method involved welding the mixed steel U-rib-stiffened plates for a structure with different sizes and different strength ratios of U-rib to plate. Based on a welding residual stress numerical simulation method validated by the blind hole method test, the distribution law of the mixed steel U-rib stiffened plate was studied. The results showed that the change of plate width has little impact on the welding residual stress and that the ratio of the thicknesses of the plate to U-rib stiffeners, the thickness of the plate, and the thickness of the U-rib has a great influence on the distribution of the welding residual stress. The thickness of plate and steel strength also greatly influenced the distribution width of the residual tensile stress. While analyzing the compression capacity of U-rib-stiffened plates, the simplified distribution of welding residual stress was used.

Lateral load-carrying capacity analyses of composite shear walls with double steel plates and filled concrete with binding bars

A method is developed to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of composite shear walls with double steel plates and filled concrete with binding bars(SCBs). Nonlinear finite element models of SCBs were established by using the finite element tool, Abaqus. Tie constraints were used to connect the binding bars and the steel plates. Surface-to-surface contact provided by the Abaqus was used to simulate the interaction between the steel plate and the core concrete. The established models could predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of SCBs with a reasonable degree of accuracy. A calculation method was developed by superposition principle to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of SCBs for the engineering application. The concrete confined by steel plates and binding bars is under multi-axial compression; therefore, its shear strength was calculated by using the Guo-Wang concrete failure criterion. The shear strength of the steel plates of SCBs was calculated by using the von Mises yielding criterion without considering buckling. Results of the developed method are in good agreement with the testing and finite element results.

Deformation of Mild Steel Plate with Linear Cracks due to Horizontal Compression

Deformation of mild steel plate with linear crocks due to horizontal compression is investigated by the use of 2-D FEM （two-dimensional finite element method） in the case of plane strain. The compound plate has a notch at the upper surface, which links to oblique downward initial defects. The compound plate roughly models the oceanic plate （Plate l） sinking under the continental plate （Plate 2） near the trough or trench in Japan. A horizontal compression is exerted at the left side of Plate 1. The deformation of the compound plate shows that the notch and upper surface of Plate 2 subside if a downward tension is added to the right side of Plate 1.

Interface failure of segmental tunnel lining strengthened with steel plates based on fracture mechanics

Segmental tunnel lining strengthened with steel plates is widely used worldwide to provide a permanent strengthening method.Most existing studies assume an ideal steel-concrete interface,ignoring discontinuous deformation characteristics,making it difficult to accurately analyze the strengthened structure’s failure mechanism.In this study,interfacial fracture mechanics of composite material was applied to the segmental tunnel lining strengthened with steel plates,and a numerical three-dimensional solid nonlinear model of the lining structure was established,combining the extended finite element method with a cohesive-zone model to account for the discontinuous deformation characteristics of the interface.The results accurately describe the crack propagation process,and are verified by full-scale testing.Next,dynamic simulations based on the calibrated model were conducted to analyze the sliding failure and cracking of the steel-concrete interface.Lastly,detailed location of the interface bonding failure are further verified by model test.The results show that,the cracking failure and bond failure of the interface are the decisive factors determining the instability and failure of the strengthened structure.The proposed numerical analysis is a major step forward in revealing the interface failure mechanism of strengthened composite material structures.

正交异性钢-钢纤维混凝土组合桥面板疲劳极限状态研究

为了解正交异性钢-钢纤维混凝土(Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete,SFRC)组合桥面板的疲劳性能及失效机理,以川南城际铁路临港长江大桥为背景,设计、制作正交异性钢-SFRC组合桥面板足尺模型进行疲劳试验,采用ANSYS软件建立试件有限元模型,研究关键细节的疲劳应力和开裂等情况。基于有限元模型,分析不同设计参数(钢顶板厚度、栓钉布置、SFRC抗拉强度及层厚)下组合桥面板疲劳极限状态的失效模式,并提出了主要控制参数取值建议。结果表明:200万次疲劳加载后足尺模型的实测最大裂缝宽度为0.136 mm,出现在SFRC层上缘,钢结构未开裂,组合桥面板疲劳性能良好;组合桥面板疲劳极限状态主要由SFRC层开裂控制,钢顶板厚度、栓钉布置对组合桥面板疲劳性能的影响较小,SFRC抗拉强度和层厚对组合桥面板疲劳性能影响较大,为主要控制参数;在常规正交异性钢桥面板上铺设薄层(厚度不超过50 mm)SFRC时,SFRC抗拉强度不应小于5 MPa,在常规正交异性钢桥面板上铺设普通SFRC(钢纤维体积含量不高于1%,抗拉强度不高于3 MPa)时,SFRC层厚不宜低于100 mm。

抗震钢支座中新型钢板簧的优化

钢弹体抗震钢支座是一种新型抗震支座,其通过在传统球型钢支座外侧增设的新型钢板簧为支座提供必要的地震恢复力以及地震耗能,在小震下保证了支座在震后的基本复位;强震作用下吸收地震能量,并可实现支座在震后的部分复位,满足基本的通车要求。首先,对该新型钢板簧进行了力学性能试验,建立了有限元模型,并利用试验结果验证了支座有限元模型的有效性。其次,对单个钢板簧和钢支座整体结构进行了动力特性分析,研究了新型钢板簧对抗震耗能的贡献;同时,对新型钢板簧结构进行了参数分析,找出各参数的影响规律。最后,对新型钢板簧的刚度和尺寸参数进行了多参数拟合,得到拟合函数,完成了新型钢板簧尺寸的结构优化,达到了节省材料、缩小结构空间的目的。

带钢筋桁架楼承板的PRC连梁抗震性能试验研究及数值分析

为适应超高层建筑以及现代工业化住宅建筑体系迅速发展的需要,提出了一种带钢筋桁架楼承板的新型钢板-混凝土组合(plate-reinforced composite,PRC)连梁。通过拟静力试验,分析了不考虑楼板作用、带普通钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)楼板及带钢筋桁架楼承板PRC连梁的破坏形态、承载能力、变形能力和耗能能力等。在此基础上,采用ABAQUS软件分析在不同峰值荷载作用下钢筋桁架楼承板PRC连梁的混凝土、钢板和钢筋骨架的应力发展情况。研究结果表明:钢筋桁架楼承板的设置能显著提高小跨高比PRC连梁的受剪承载力、耗能能力和延性,设置楼板能显著提高连梁的峰值荷载,且带钢筋桁架楼承板对PRC连梁承载力的提升比带普通RC楼板更强,其连梁试件PRC-S3的正向峰值荷载比不带楼板连梁PRC-NS1和带普通RC楼板连梁PRC-S2分别提升了31%和18%,但带楼板连梁在梁板交界处产生通缝之后连梁的刚度退化较为严重;带钢筋桁架楼承板的PRC连梁具有优越的耗能能力,在连梁跨度范围内均出现了显著的对角压杆,主压杆及其衍生压杆共同构成桁架作用来承受剪力;楼承板桁架上下弦钢筋以及连梁纵筋均在连梁根部位置出现应力集中,且连梁试件PRC-S3破坏点对应的累积耗能是不带楼板试件PRC-NS1的1.39倍。

钢弹簧浮置板轨道垂向动态特性及对轮轨力的影响研究

钢弹簧浮置板(steel spring floating slab, SSFS)作为一种高等减振轨道广泛铺设于我国地铁线路中,在服役过程中,该轨道在部分线路中出现了钢轨波磨问题,而轮轨动态行为对波磨形成具有较大的影响。为研究该轨道垂向动态特性及其对轮轨瞬态力的影响,建立SSFS轨道的三维轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型,分析在有、无车辆加载下轨道垂向位移导纳特性,模拟钢轨宽频不平顺激扰下轮轨垂向瞬态接触力的响应。结果表明:(1)无车辆加载作用下,SSFS轨道在100 Hz以下(22 Hz、43 Hz、68 Hz等)振动模态表现为钢轨和浮置板共同垂向弯曲,在100~1 400 Hz中高频段表现为钢轨相对浮置板弯曲;(2)车辆加载后,轨道导纳出现59 Hz的P2共振,及64 Hz和72 Hz的轨道整体弯曲振动峰值;(3)柔性轮轨耦合后轨道导纳受到轮对作用影响在364 Hz、489 Hz、623 Hz处出现新峰值,其中,364 Hz、489 Hz为车轮振动模态引起,623 Hz为双轮对干涉引起的钢轨弯曲模态;(4)车辆瞬态通过含60~220 mm波长钢轨不平顺的轨道时,轮轨瞬态垂向接触力在约70 Hz响应最显著,这是由轨道的整体弯曲振动模态被激发引起,该振动是SSFS轨道出现160~200 mm波长波磨的原因。

城轨交通下不同扣件参数对钢弹簧浮置板振动响应影响研究

钢弹簧浮置板轨道具有较好的结构稳定性,能够承受地铁列车的运行冲击和乘客的集中载荷,确保地铁站台的安全性和稳定性。文章以常见的地铁B型车及钢弹簧浮置板轨道为例,基于有限元仿真模型与多体动力学仿真模型,根据扣件不同参数工况下,对浮置板的振动响应进行了仿真分析。结果表明:扣件刚度对轨道系统的振动影响非常大,扣件刚度过小会影响轮轨系统的稳定性和安全性。通过增加扣件的阻尼,可以减少振动的幅值和能量,从而降低浮置板轨道的加速度响应,提高系统的稳定性和舒适性。

单箱双室波形钢腹板-钢底板组合梁滑移效应研究

为了解剪切变形、剪力滞效应及滑移效应对单箱双室波形钢腹板-钢底板组合梁力学性能的影响,基于能量变分原理,推导该类组合梁的总挠度、界面滑移量及正应力解析解。以某等截面简支单箱双室波形钢腹板-正交异性钢底板组合梁为背景,通过理论分析、模型试验和有限元计算相结合的方法,分析考虑滑移效应的组合梁关键截面总挠度、界面滑移量及混凝土顶板横向正应力。结果表明:在集中荷载作用下,组合梁的总挠度、界面滑移量和横向正应力的解析解与实测值及有限元解吻合良好;由于附加弯矩的存在,剪切变形及界面滑移效应对组合梁总挠度的影响均不能忽略;组合梁的总挠度和界面滑移量随剪力钉抗剪刚度的增大不断减小,但减小的趋势逐渐放缓。施工设计时,可将剪力钉的抗剪刚度控制在挠度变化趋于平缓的范围内。

钢板结合梁斜拉桥桥面板剪力滞效应分析

为研究钢板结合梁斜拉桥混凝土桥面板的剪力滞效应,以泸州河东长江大桥为背景,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立主桥空间有限元模型,计算各阶段钢板结合梁混凝土桥面板剪力滞系数,与规范计算结果进行对比,并分析桥面横坡对桥面板剪力滞系数的影响。结果表明:桥塔根部截面施工阶段、通车阶段和运营阶段桥面板剪力滞系数分别约为1.4、1.203和1.46,剪力滞效应明显大于其余截面。现行《公路钢混组合桥梁设计与施工规范》(JTG/T D64-01—2015)和《公路钢结构桥梁设计规范》(JTG D64—2015)对桥塔根部截面剪力滞系数计算偏安全,对跨中截面,前者计算结果与实际受力不符,后者通车阶段、徐变后期及运营阶段的计算结果与有限元计算结果较接近,但施工阶段最大悬臂状态计算结果偏小。桥面横坡每增加1%,桥面板剪力滞系数约增大5%,工程设计中应根据实际建桥条件选择合理的桥面横坡。

顶板厚度对组合桥面板U肋与顶板构造疲劳性能的影响

为研究钢顶板厚度对于正交异性组合桥面板U肋与顶板构造疲劳性能的影响,通过建立板壳-实体有限元模型,计算分析不同顶板厚度下正交异性钢桥面板中关键部位的受力情况。计算结果表明,有无刚性铺装对车轮荷载作用下的桥面板受力状态以及U肋与钢桥面板焊缝焊趾处应力大小有显著的不同,采用刚性铺装的正交异性组合桥面板U肋与钢桥面板焊缝焊趾处应力幅值只有不采用刚性铺装桥面板的8%;改变钢顶板的厚度对正交异性组合桥面板U肋与钢桥面板焊缝焊趾处的疲劳强度影响甚微,采用12 mm的钢顶板也能满足U肋与钢桥面板焊缝焊趾处的疲劳强度要求。

基于卷积神经网络的钢桥面板疲劳裂纹识别方法研究

为准确识别钢桥面板在车辆反复荷载作用下产生的疲劳裂纹,构建了一种用于Lamb导波信号分析和疲劳裂纹扩展尺寸识别的卷积神经网络方法。该方法先用小波函数对导波信号进行卷积处理,获取导波特征,然后对时域参数和频域参数进行优化,最后运用全连接网络对导波特征与先验性裂纹尺寸信息进行学习,实现疲劳裂纹扩展过程中的裂纹尺寸智能识别。以某大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥钢桥面板的疲劳裂纹扩展过程监测为背景,通过数值模拟和实桥测试,并与小波变换法和傅里叶变换法进行对比,验证该方法的有效性和优越性。结果表明:卷积神经网络方法提取得到的导波特征随裂纹尖端扩展的变化趋势具有明显且稳定的规律性,裂纹扩展长度识别结果与裂纹真实值之间的识别误差均在1 mm内。卷积神经网络方法适用于工程实测中导波信号处理分析,可在钢桥面板裂纹监测中推广应用。

缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢受压极限承载力研究

为研究缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢受压构件的受力性能,采用ANSYS软件建立其非线性有限元模型,并与试验破坏特征、极限承载力进行对比,验证建模方法的正确性.研究缀板间距及偏心距对缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢在轴压及单向偏心受压作用下的极限承载力及屈曲模态的影响规律.结果表明:随缀板间距减小,C形钢的屈曲变形由畸变屈曲逐步转为局部屈曲,轴心受压及偏心受压构件极限承载力逐渐增高;随偏心距增大,偏心受压构件的极限承载力逐渐降低;建议缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢轴压、偏压构件的缀板间距分别取λ/3、λ/4(λ为屈曲半波长度).基于缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢的受力特点及直接强度法,提出缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢构件轴压及偏压极限承载力的修正公式,并验证了公式的准确性.

广州沥心沙大桥复合防撞装置抗撞性能分析

广州沥心沙大桥主桥为(55+85+55)m T形刚构桥,由于发展需要,将该桥跨越的航道等级由Ⅲ级提升至Ⅰ级(通行3000 DWT船舶)。为提高该桥的防撞能力,提出采用一种固定式波折钢板-钢覆复合防撞装置。该装置主要由钢面板、波折钢板、聚氨酯芯材、GFRP防护层和方形橡胶垫块构成。为分析船舶撞击下该装置的耗能能力和防护性能,以主桥18号墩的防撞设计为背景,将该装置设置在承台,采用有限元软件LS-DYNA建立船-复合防撞装置-桥的碰撞模型,进行船桥碰撞动力计算分析,研究船艏、复合防撞装置及承台损伤情况。结果表明:设置复合防撞装置后,桥梁结构响应明显减小;钢面板是主要的耗能构件,发挥出良好的缓冲吸能作用;在受到船艏碰撞时,仅复合防撞装置迎撞面产生较大变形,船艏发生轻微变形,而承台及桥墩未发生大的变形,混凝土保持完好。该复合防撞装置生产、安装工艺简单,运营维护方便,具有较好的经济性和适用性。

基于板-梁的钢-混凝土箱梁组合扭转分析与有限元验证

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