Viscoelasto-plastic rheological experiment under circular increment step load and unload and nonlinear creep model of soft rocks

The viscoelastic-plastic creep experiments on soft ore-rock in Jinchuan Mine III were performed under circular increment step load and unload. The experimental data were analyzed according to instantaneous elastic strain, visco-elastic strain, instantaneous plastic strain and visco-plastic strain. The result shows that instantaneous deformation modulus tends to increase with the increase of creep stress; soft rocks enhance the ability to resist instantaneous elastic deformation and instantaneous plastic deformation during the multi-level of load and unload in the cyclic process. In respect of specimen JC1099, the ratio of visco-elastic strain to visco-plastic strain varies from 3.15 to 6.58, and the ratio has decreasing tendency with stress increase as a whole; creep deformation tends to be a steady state at low stress level; soft rocks creep usually embodies accelerated creep properties at high stress level. With the damaging variable and the hardening function introduced, a nonlinear creep model of soft rocks is established, in which the decay creep is described by the nonlinear hardening function H of viscidity coefficient. The model can describe the accelerated creep of soft rocks since the nonlinear damaging evolvement variable D of deformation parameter of rocks is introduced. Three stages of soft rocks creep can be described with the uniform creep equation in the nonlinear creep model. With this nonlinear creep model applied to the creep experiments of the ore-rock of Jinchuan Mine III, the nonlinear creep model＇s curves are in good agreement with experimental data.

Creep relaxation in FGM rotating disc with nonlinear axisymmetric distribution of heterogeneity

Rotating discs are the vital part of many types of machineries.Usually there is a tendency to make use of them in higher rotational speeds,but ahead of their complete break down the incidence of vibration,plastic failure or creep relaxation can create serious damages which finally prevent the increase of the rotational speed.The invention of new materials has provided new opportunities to increase the loading capacity and speed of the discs.Functionally graded materials(FGMs)are a kind of new materials utilized in the construction of rotating discs.Consequently an important aspect in the analyses of heterogeneous FGM discs is the study of their creep relaxation.One of the well known constitutive equations for the modeling of creep phenomenon is known as the Sherby's law.Based on the steady state creep,the behavior of a variety of FGM rotating discs are studied.The analysis considers the conditions in which the distribution of volume fraction follows a power-law pattern.The required mathematical model and its solution for the analysis of stress and creep strain rate is represented.Some case studies are considered in which the effects of nonlinearly distributed volume fractions are studied.In the case studies,the analysis of rotating FGM discs made of Aluminum-Silicon Carbide compounds is considered.Besides,the analyses of discs with outside tractions are considered and the effects of typical material compositions upon the creep deformations are studied.For instance,the investigation discloses the significance of the use of FGM hubs in the turbine constructions.

Nonlinear creep damage model for soft rock under uniaxial compression

A nonlinear creep-damage model for soft rock under uniaxial compression waspresented,which takes into account both nonlinear creep and damage growth with time.The model is based on the hardening theory,The model is validated through comparisonwith experimental results.

裂隙花岗岩非线性蠕变本构模型及参数分析

裂隙花岗岩的蠕变特性对高放废物地质处置库的长期稳定性和安全性至关重要。本文基于裂隙花岗岩在不同应力条件下的蠕变试验结果,结合蠕变过程中应力产生的损伤累积的影响,提出一种考虑损伤的弹黏塑性体。通过将经典Burgers模型的黏性元件替换为分数阶黏弹性元件,将黏弹性体替换为考虑损伤的弹黏塑性体的方法,构建了裂隙花岗岩非线性蠕变本构模型,并推导出模型在3维应力状态下的本构方程。通过对倾角30°及45°单裂隙花岗岩在不同应力条件下蠕变试验数据的拟合分析,确定了模型参数,验证了模型的适用性和合理性,获得了各模型参数随应力水平的变化规律。通过模型参数的敏感性分析,揭示了分数阶导数、损伤参数,以及应力水平对裂隙花岗岩蠕变应变的影响规律,并验证了裂隙花岗岩非线性蠕变本构模型在特殊条件下可退化为经典Burgers模型。研究表明,本文提出的裂隙花岗岩非线性蠕变本构模型能够准确地描述裂隙花岗岩蠕变破坏全过程的3个阶段,尤其是加速蠕变阶段应变随时间非线性增长的过程。

煤岩蠕变试验及其灾变模型

为全面揭示煤岩长历时蠕变破坏机制,开展了长历时煤岩单轴压缩分级蠕变声发射试验,分析了不同应力水平下煤岩蠕变变形和声发射规律,在此基础上,把临界幂律灾变函数引入理想黏弹塑性体,并与Burgers体串联,建立煤岩灾变蠕变模型。结果表明:煤岩单轴蠕变经历减速、稳定和加速蠕变3个阶段,声发射参数的变化规律能很好地反映煤岩蠕变3个阶段的变形特征;减速蠕变阶段内声发射事件较活跃,稳定蠕变阶段内低应力水平下声发射活动比中应力水平多,当从稳定蠕变阶段到加速蠕变阶段时,煤岩突然宏观脆性破坏,应变发生突变,声发射突然增大,呈现灾变破坏特征;高应力水平下的减速和稳定蠕变阶段煤岩内部裂隙充分且均匀发育,最终导致煤岩发生粉碎性的灾变破坏,这一破坏特征不同于单轴压缩破坏的剪切破坏;煤岩灾变蠕变模型能全面体现煤岩减速、稳定和加速蠕变阶段,已有几种非线性蠕变模型预测高应力水平蠕变试验结果相关系数最大为0.74,而灾变蠕变模型预测的相关系数大于0.97。岩石蠕变试验数据拟合结果表明灾变模型能够很好地描述各类岩石蠕变过程,临界幂律指数β对灾变破坏起控制作用,随着β的不断增大,岩石蠕变也从渐进式破坏转变为灾变破坏,从而验证了此煤岩灾变蠕变模型的正确性和适用性。

红层泥岩填料蠕变特性及分数阶五元件非线性蠕变模型研究

为揭示红层泥岩填料的蠕变力学特性,对甘肃红层泥岩填料开展分级加载三轴CU蠕变试验,分析不同含水率和偏应力水平下红层泥岩填料的轴向蠕变、蠕变速率、应力-应变等时曲线等蠕变特性。基于红层泥岩填料蠕变曲线特征分析,引入分数阶微积分,构建适用于甘肃红层泥岩填料的分数阶五元件非线性蠕变模型,并对模型参数进行辨识和分析。研究结果表明:甘肃红层泥岩填料存在明显的蠕变特性,呈非线性衰减蠕变,随含水率与偏应力水平增大,蠕变变形明显增大;应力-应变等时曲线呈现出非线性特征,存在明显拐点,甘肃红层泥岩填料的长期强度为瞬时强度的0.6~0.8;所构建的模型可以准确地描述甘肃红层泥岩填料的蠕变特性,对试验结果的拟合效果明显比Burgers和Merchant模型拟合效果好。

滇中红层泥岩剪切蠕变特性及其本构模型

为保障滇中红层泥岩所在区域隧洞工程的施工及长期运营安全,本文以“滇中引水工程”狮子山隧洞段的红层泥岩为研究对象,首先,采用分级加载剪切蠕变试验方法,研究其蠕变特性;其次,基于非线性流变力学理论,分别构建了触发式非定常加速元件、非线性弹性元件及复合型黏性元件;第三,通过各元件的合理组合,建立了滇中红层泥岩的非线性、非定常蠕变模型;最后,对所建模型进行参数估计,与试验结果进行对比,验证理论模型的适用性。研究结果表明:在较低应力状态下,岩样主要表现为衰减蠕变,其中蠕变变形在总变形中的占比可达85%;而在较高应力状态下,岩样发生从衰减蠕变、等速蠕变直至加速蠕变破坏的全过程蠕变,其中蠕变变形在总变形中的占比达87%。剪应力对岩样蠕变变形具有显著影响,剪应力越高,衰减蠕变达到稳定状态所需的时间越长,蠕变变形在总变形中的占比越高。在全过程蠕变中,岩样的蠕变变形以稳态蠕变为主,其蠕变时间占总蠕变时间的80%,蠕变量占总蠕变量的51%。该蠕变模型既能完整地描述岩样从衰减到等速直至加速蠕变的全过程,同时又能克服传统模型参数取值随应力而不断变化的问题,通过一组参数就可以描述岩样在各应力状态下的蠕变变形特性。理论模型得到的结果与试验结果吻合较好,说明所建模型对于滇中红层泥岩具有较好的适用性。

压电致动器非线性特征的控制策略研究进展

压电致动器具有位移分辨率高、体积小、响应快、驱动负载能力强、可多自由度输出以及不受电磁干扰等优点,被广泛应用在微纳加工、微机电系统封装、生物医学以及航空航天等领域。然而,由于压电致动器自身存在的迟滞、蠕变等非线性特征,使得输出的稳定性以及精确度受到一定的影响,需采取恰当的控制策略解决上述问题。本文首先对压电致动器的非线性特征进行概述;其次,重点回顾了迟滞模型和蠕变模型的发展历程;然后,介绍了压电致动器的控制补偿策略及研究进展;最后对压电致动器控制技术的未来发展方向进行了讨论与展望。

岩石三维非线性黏弹塑性损伤蠕变模型研究

为了准确描述岩石蠕变曲线的各阶段特征,将Kelvin模型中黏壶元件的黏滞系数定义为与时间相关的函数,并根据蠕变损伤理论构建了一个考虑蠕变参数随时间劣化的损伤黏弹塑性体,进而将弹性体、非线性Kelvin体、黏性体和损伤黏弹塑性体进行串联,提出了可以描述岩石蠕变全过程的非线性黏弹塑性损伤蠕变模型,并合理推导了该模型在恒应力情况下的一维和三维蠕变方程。最后,根据相关蠕变试验数据进行参数识别来验证损伤蠕变模型的有效性,对比分析理论模型和试验数据的相关性,结果表明该模型能很好地描述岩石蠕变全过程,且相关系数均在0.92以上。

基于有限元的防蠕变O形圈预紧力研究

针对伺服电机浮动端轴承出现的跑外圈问题,通常采用增加橡胶O形圈来进行相应处理。由于O形圈的尺寸规格,以及O形圈的开槽尺寸和公差,直接会影响到防跑圈力矩,在选用O形圈规格和设计O形圈槽的尺寸时需要核算相关内容。采用有限元法,对不同硬度和不同沟槽尺寸下O形圈提供的预紧力和防跑圈力矩进行分析计算,该计算方法对O形圈的选型和O形圈沟槽的设计具有一定的指导意义。

Low-speed instability analysis for hydraulic motor based on nonlinear dynamics

A nonlinear dynamics model and a mathematical expression were set up to investigatethe mechanism and conditions of vibration creep acceleration.The model showsthat hydraulic spring and nonlinear friction are major factors that can affect low-speed instability.The mathematic model was established to obtain the change rule of speed andinstantaneous acceleration of the hydraulic motor.Then, Matlab was used to simulate theeffect of nonlinear friction force and hydraulic motor parameters such as coefficient of leakand compression ratio, etc., under low speed.Finally, some measures were proposed toimprove the low-speed stability of the hydraulic motor.

CRACK PROPAGATION IN THE POWER-LAW NONLINEARVISCOELASTIC MATERIAL

An analysis on crack creep propagation problem of power-law nonlinear viscoelastic materials is presented. The Creep incompressilility assumption is used Tosimulate fracture behavior of craze region. it is assumed that in the .fracture processzone near the crack tip, the cohesive stress fo acts upon the crack surfaces and resistscrack opening. Through a perturbation method i. e., by superposing the Mode-Iapplied force onto a referential uniform stress state, which has a trivial solution and gives no effect on the solution of the original problem, the nonlinear viscoelasticproblem is reduced to linear problem. For weak nonlinear materials, for which thepower-law index n=1, the expressions of stress and crack surface displacement arederived. Then, the fracture process zone local energy criterion is proposed and basedon which the formulas of crucking incubation time t. and crack slow propagationvelocity a are derired.

Creep Property of Solidifying Backfill Body of High-Water Material

On the basis of the creep test of bigh-water materisl solidifying backfill body(abb. HW body), This paper discusses its creep properties- The visco-elasto-plastic model, which shows the creep properties of HW body, is developed, and the creep contitutive equations are deduced. The visco-elastoplastic model is proved by the experiments and practice.

The creep experiment and theoretical model analysis of gas- containing coal

A creep experiment of preformed molding coal under different confining pressures were carried out using self-developed 3-triaxial creep loading device for gas-containing coal, which loaded by Shimadzu AGI-250 kN electrical servo-controlled stiffness testing machine. Based on the experimental results, the variation trend of axial deformation under different stress states was studied, and creep failure characteristics of gas-containing coal under different confining pressures were analyzed. The experimental results were identified with seven-component nonlinear viscoelasto-plastic creep model （Hohai model）, and the creep material parameters were obtained. The experimental result complies well with the theoretical value of this model. It indicates that creep constitutive relation of gas-containing coal can be expressed by nonlinear viscoelasto-plastic creep model correctly.

考虑水化学损伤的岩石真三轴蠕变本构模型

为了准确描述岩石在酸性环境下真三轴蠕变行为的各阶段特征,基于水岩作用的化学动力学理论,定义了考虑PH值与时间的化学损伤因子,将弹性体,非线性Kelvin体,线性Kelvin体和黏弹塑性体进行串联,并考虑岩石在真三轴应力作用下的实际情况,建立岩石酸腐与真三轴应力耦合作用下的损伤蠕变本构模型,通过已有的蠕变试验数据对该模型进行参数辨识与验证,并通过数据拟合得到岩石在真三轴应力下的屈服面方程,探讨中间主应力对蠕变模型的影响.结果表明,推导的本构模型能很好地描述岩石在酸腐作用下真三轴蠕变行为的各阶段特性,验证了其合理性与准确性.

红层泥岩剪切蠕变特性及非定常本构模型研究

滇中红层泥岩具有显著的流变特性,会给当地工程建设带来安全隐患。选取狮子山隧洞段的红层泥岩进行分级加载蠕变试验,对其蠕变特性开展研究。结果表明,在较低应力状态下,岩样主要表现为衰减蠕变,而在较高应力状态下,岩样将发生从衰减蠕变、等速蠕变直至加速蠕变破坏的全过程蠕变。对岩样各阶段变形数据进行回归分析,建立拟合方程,发现岩样各阶段变形具有显著的非线性变形特性。根据岩样的非线性变形特性提出了1个指数型加速元件,通过与Bingham体中的黏性元件串联形成改进的Bingham体,使其能克服传统Bingham体模拟加速阶段存在的不足,并同时对Hoek体及Kelvin体进行非线性改进,然后通过将非线性Hoek体、Kelvin体与改进Bingham体串联,建立了1个能够描述滇中红层泥岩蠕变特性的非线性、非定常黏弹塑性岩石蠕变模型。通过与不同剪应力下红层泥岩的蠕变试验曲线进行比较,发现理论模型得到的结果与试验数据吻合较好,表明所建模型对于滇中红层泥岩具有较好的适用性。

岩石非线性黏弹塑性损伤蠕变模型研究及其参数识别

为更加准确地描述岩石初始蠕变阶段的非线性特征,采用非线性黏性元件替代汤姆逊体(Poyting-Thomson)中的线性黏性元件,建立非定常参数的汤姆逊体。将改进后的汤姆逊体与黏性元件及考虑损伤变量的黏塑性体串联,建立1种新的岩石非线性黏弹塑性流变模型,并推导出该模型的一维及三维蠕变本构方程。研究结果表明:该模型能充分反映岩石蠕变阶段的损伤破裂过程。结合Levenberg-Marquardt算法对蠕变曲线进行分析和模型参数识别,新的岩石非线性黏弹塑性流变模型与蠕变试验数据拟合结果相关系数在0.96以上,表明该模型能够准确地描述岩石在低应力下减速蠕变阶段、等速蠕变阶段,能够更准确描述岩石在高应力下的加速蠕变特征。研究结果可为岩体工程的长期稳定性研究提供理论依据。

考虑轮轨蠕滑的高速列车制动非线性振动行为研究

为了揭示在制动工况下轮轨蠕滑对高速列车非线性振动的影响,考虑Polach轮轨蠕滑和盘片Stribeck摩擦,建立了高速列车盘式制动系统的3自由度非线性动力学模型,采用数值积分法求解制动系统的振动响应,并与线路试验数据进行对比,验证了模型的有效性。通过该模型进一步研究了低速下盘式制动系统非线性动力学行为,对比分析了Polach轮轨蠕滑模型与双线性轮轨蠕滑模型的差异;探究了平均蠕滑率和轨面条件对制动系统振动的影响;揭示了轮轨黏着与盘式制动系统非线性行为的相互作用机理。结果表明:相比于双线性轮轨蠕滑模型,Polach轮轨蠕滑模型受车速影响更为明显,更加符合实际服役情况;平均蠕滑率增大、轨面条件变差将导致混沌运动出现时的制动压力更小,混沌-周期振动交替出现的次数增加,制动系统振动行为更为复杂。

非定常Poyting-Thomson蠕变损伤模型研究

地下工程的长期安全性评价与岩石蠕变性质密不可分,建立准确适用的蠕变模型是岩石领域研究的热点问题。通过引入非线性函数对Poyting-Thomson模型中的黏性系数进行改造,得到非定常Poyting-Thomson模型;基于损伤理论构造一个考虑损伤变量的黏塑性体,与改进后的Poyting-Thomson模型串联,得到可以反映加速蠕变的非定常Poyting-Thomson蠕变损伤模型;结合已公开发表的试验数据和自主进行的盐岩蠕变试验进行了模型验证,并分析了模型参数对蠕变曲线的影响。结果表明:非定常Poyting-Thomson蠕变损伤模型可以有效模拟岩石蠕变全过程,相较于传统的Poyting-Thomson模型,模型精度提高7%;不同的参数对岩石蠕变阶段的影响不同,参数a越大,衰减蠕变速率和等速蠕变速率比值增大,衰减阶段总变形量增加;材料参数λ越大,加速阶段蠕变速率和加速阶段总变形量越大。模型形式简单明了且参数较少,一定程度上便于工程应用。

爬移状态对服役曲线梁桥抗震性能影响分析

服役曲线梁桥常存在爬移病害。为探讨爬移病害程度对曲线梁桥抗震性能的影响规律,通过总结服役曲线梁桥爬移病害,确定以不同梁端爬移位移量作为描述服役曲线梁桥爬移状态的对比分析工况,并以一座三跨预应力混凝土曲线梁桥为例,采用MIDAS Civil建立有限元模型,考虑桩-土相互作用、双向碰撞效应及材料非线性,分析曲线梁桥支座及桥墩等主要受力构件地震响应规律,探讨爬移状态对服役曲线梁桥抗震性能影响。研究结果表明:主梁的爬移病害对桥梁的抗震性能会产生不利影响,会导致支座位移的增长,增加支座破坏的风险,从而增加桥梁上部结构碰撞效应及落梁风险;随着爬移位移的增加,桥墩的损伤状态可能由爬移前的无损伤转变为考虑爬移后的严重损伤状态。因此,在进行服役曲线梁桥抗震性能评估时应量化其爬移状态,并采用合理的措施对主梁的爬移进行限制。