Total glucosides of paeony attenuates animal psoriasis induced inflammatory response through inhibiting STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation

OBJECTIVE Psoriasis is an immune system meditated disease,especially T cells.It disturbed many people around the world and hard to therapy.Paeonia lactiflora Pall has been used as a medicine in china for thousands of years.Recent studies has found that the main component of Paeonia lactiflora Pall can alleviates the immune response in many diseases.In this study,we researched the effects and possible mechanisms of total glucosides of paeony(TGP)on animal psoriasis in order to study the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of TGP in 5%propranolol creaminduced psoriasis in guinea pigs and Imiquimod(IMQ)cream-induced psoriasis in mice.METHODS The effect of TGP was evaluated using a psoriasis-like model of guinea pigs and mice.Ear thickness was accessed,and pathology injury was observed by HE staining.The levels of serum IL-1β,IL-6,IL-12,IL-17,IL-23,TNF-α,and IFN-γ,skin IL-17A,IL-22 and orphan nuclear receptor(RORγt)mRNA expression,proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),total or phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT1 and STAT3)were determined by ELISA,real time PCR,immu⁃nohistochemical staining,and Western blotting,respectively.RESULTS Compared with model group,TGP treatment decreased the ear thickness,improved pathology of psoriasis,alleviated IMQ-induced keratinocyte proliferation,reduced the inflammatory cytokine,and downregulated IL-17A,IL-22,and RORγt mRNA in mice.Further study indicated that TGP inhibited STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation in lesion skins of psoriasis-like mice.CONCLUSION TGP alleviates the symptoms of psoriasis-like guinea pigs and mice,and the possible mechanism may relate to inhibit T helper 17(TH17)cell differentiation and keratinocytes proliferation by inhibiting STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation.

New diterpenoid glucosides from Siegesbeckia pubescens

Five new diterpenoids isolated from Siegesbeckia pubescens, pubesides A similar toE, were established as ent-2 alpha ,15,16-trihydroxypimar-8(14)-en-2-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside (1), ent-15,16,19-trihydroxypimar-8(14)-en-19-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside (2), beta -D-glucopyranosyl-ent-15,16-dihydroxypimar-8(14)-en-19-oiclate (3), ent-2-oxo-15,16,19-trihydroxypimar-8(14)-en-19-O-beta -D-gluco-pyranoside (4), ent-2-oxo-15,16,19-trihydroxypimar-8(14)-en-19-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside-15,16-acetonide (5) by 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

Effects of total glucosides of peony on immunological hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM: To study the effects of total glucosides of peony (TGP) on immunological hepatic fibrosis induced by human albumin in rats.METHODS: Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into: Normal group, model group, TGP (60 and 120 mg/kg) treatment groups and colchicines (0.1 mg/kg) treatment group. On the day before the rats were killed, those in TGP or colchicine groups received TGP or colchicine as above from the first day of tail vein injection of human albumin. The rats in normal and model groups were only administered with the same volume of vehicle. At the end of the 16th wk, rats in each group were killed. Blood and tissue specimens were taken. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), nitric oxide (NO), content of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), were measured by biochemical methods. Serum procollagen type Ⅲ (PC Ⅲ) and laminin (LN) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Liver collagen level was determined by measuring hydroxyproline content in fresh liver samples. Hepatic tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined under a light microscope.RESULTS: Histological results showed that TGP improved the human albumin-induced alterations in the liver structure, alleviated lobular necrosis and significantly lowered collagen content. The antifibrotic effect of TGP was also confirmed by decreased serum content of LN and PCⅢ in TGP-treated group. Moreover, the treatment with TGP effectively reduced the hydroxyproline contentin liver homogenates. However, the level of ALT and AST increased in fibrotic rat but had no significance compared with normal control, whereas the ratio of A/G decreased without significance. TGP had no effect on level of ALT, AST and the ratio of A/G. Furthermore, TGP treatment significantly blocked the increase in MDA and NO, associated with a partial elevation in liver total antioxidant capacity including SOD and GSH-px.CONCLUSION: TGP has beneficial effects on hepaticfibrosis in rats by inhibition of collagen synthesis and decreasing oxidative stress.

Two New Iridoid Glucosides from Clerodendrum serratum

Two new iridoid glucosides, serratoside A and serratoside B, were isolated from the aerial parts of Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexifolium Moldenke. Their structures were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods.

Two New Flavone Glucosides fromSerratula strangulata

Genus Serratula（Compositae）consists of about 70 species distributed throughout theworld[1]．Serratula species have been used as folk medicine to treat chickenpox，toxicosis，high cholesterol in China[2]. The phytochemical study of plant S．strangulata has not beenreported so far．In the course of our searching for biologically active substances from thisplant，two new flavone glucosides（1，2）were isolated．The present paper covers the isolationand structural elucidation of the two new compounds．

Two new secoiridoid glucosides from Syringa velutina Kom

Chemical investigation of Syringa velutina Kom. led to the isolation of two new secoiridoid glucosides. Their structures were identified as 6＇-O-（6, 7-dihyrofoliamenthoyl）-8-epi-longisidic acid （syrveoside A, 1） and 6＇-O-menthiafoloyl-8-epi-ldngisidic acid （syrveoside B, 2） on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.

Two New Iridoid Glucosides from Clerodendrum serratum

Two new iridoid glucosides, named 7 beta -coumaroyloxyugandoside (1) and 7 beta - cinnamoyloxyugandoside (2) were isolated from the leaves of Clerodendrum serratum, and their structures were elucidated by spectral means.

Two new benzophenone glucosides from Cratoxylon cochinchinensis

Two new benzophenone glucosides were isolated from the 60% ethanol extract of the dried stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense. The structures were elucidated as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2＇,4,6＇-trihydroxy-benzophenone and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2＇,5,6＇- trihydroxybenzophenone on the basis of spectral and chemical methods.

Two new steroidal glucosides from Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f.) Ker-Gawl

Two new steroidal glucosides, 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl （25S）-furost-5-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetraol l-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl- （1 → 3）-[α-h-rhamnopyranosyl-（1 → 2）]-[β-D-fueopyranoside and （25R） spirost-5-ene-3β,14α-diol-3-β-O-β-L-rhanmopyranosyl- （1 → 2）-[β-D-xylopyranosyl（1 → 4）]-[-β-D-glucopyranoside, were isolated from the Ophiopogon japonicus （L.f.） Ker-Gaw. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

Two new glucosides from the pellicle of the walnut (Juglans regia)

A newα-tetralonyl glucoside,6'-O-acetyl-juglanoside E(1),and a new dihydrophaseic acid glucoside,dihydrophaseic acid 1-O-(6-O-acetyl)-glucopyranoside(2),together with two known ones,juglanoside E(3)and dihydrophaseic acid(4),were isolated from the pellicle of the walnut(Juglans regia).The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis,including IR,HRESIMS,1D and 2D NMR data.

Two New Neolignan Glucosides from Pedicularis Verticillata

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Protective Effects of Total Glucosides of Paeony against the Liver Injury Induced by Anti-tuberculosis Drugs

[Objectives] This study was conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of total glucosides of paeony （TGP） against the liver injury induced by isoniazid （INH） and rifampicin （RFP）, and to provide experimental evidence for rational use of anti-tuberculosis drugs.[Methods] Liver injury in mice was induced by the combination of INH and RFP in mice. After the mice were given different doses of Total Glucosides of White Paeony Capsules （TGP） for 10 d, the hepatosomatic index, biochemical indices in serum and liver homogenate were measured, and histopathological changes in liver tissue were observed. Glucurolactone was used as the positive control, and 0.9% sodium chloride was used as the negative control in the experiment.[Results] TGP reduced the activities of alanine transaminase （ALT） and aspartate transferase （AST） in serum and the level of malondialdehyde （MDA） in liver tissue, and increased the level of glutathione （GSH） and the activity of superoxidase dismutase （SOD） in liver tissue.[Conclusions] TAP has a protective effect against the liver injury induced by INH and RFP.

Isolation and Purification of Unstable Iridoid Glucosides from Traditional Chinese Medicine by Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Solid-phase Extraction

An efficient preparative method was successfully developed for isolation and purification of unstable components from medicinal plant extracts, using a combined method of preparative high performance liquid chro-matography(HPLC) and solid-phase extraction(SPE). The aim of this study was to obtain an effective method with high preparative efficiency and importantly to avoid the transformation of unstable compounds. The preparative HPLC system was based on an LC/MS controlled four-channel autopurification system. The SPE method was performed with a C18 packing material to trap the target compounds and to remove the acidic additive derived from the mobile phase. Using this method, the unstable iridoid glucosides(IGs) as model compounds were successfully isolated and purified from the extract of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Six IGs(including one new minor IG) and one nucleotide compound were simultaneously obtained, each with a purity of 91% as determined by HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by UPLC/Q-TOF MS, UV, 1D and/or 2D NMR. It was demonstrated that the combination of preparative HPLC with SPE is a versatile tool for preparative purification of unstable compounds from complex natural products.

Two New Tartrate Derivative Glucosides from Coeloglossum viride ( L.) Hartm. var. bracteatum ( Willd.) Richter

Two new tartrate derivative glucosides, coelovirin C (1) and D (2), were isolated from rhizomes of Coeloglossum viride ( L.) Hartm. var. bracteatum ( Willd.) Richter (Orchidaceae). Their structures were elucidated as (2R, 3S)-2-b-D-glucopyranosyl-2-isobutyltartrate1-(4-b-D- glucopyranosyloxybenzyl) ester 1 and (2R, 3S)-2-b-D-glucopyranosyl-2-isobutyltartrate-4-(4-b-D- glucopyranosyloxybenzyl) ester 2 by means of chemical and spectroscopic methods.

Two New Iridoid Glucosides from Lagotis yunnanensis

Two new iridoid glucosides 1 and 2, 10-O-(3, 4-dimethoxy-(E)-cinnamoyl)catalpol and 10-O-(3, 4-dimethoxy-(Z)-cinnamoyl)catalpol, were isolated from Lagotis yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

Termitomenins F and G,Two New Lignan Glucosides from Terminalia chebula var.tomentella(Kurz)C.B.Clarke

The extensive chemical investigation on the branches and leaves of Terminalia chebula var.tomentella(Combretaceae)led to the isolation of two new lignan glucosides with a furofuran skeleton,termitomenins F(1)and G(2).In addition,19 known compounds including five lignan glucosides(3-7),six hydrolyzable tannins(8-13)and eight simple phenolics(14-21)were also identified.Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses.It is noted that 8 and 9 were C-glycosidic hydrolyzable tannins with one hexahydroxydiphenoyl and one gallagyl group linked to an open-chain glucosyl C-1/O-2/O-3 and O-4/O-6,respectively,which were rarely found in plants.Nine known compounds,6-9,13,and 18-21,were procured from the titled plant for the first time,while 3-5,10-12 and 14-17 were also found in the fruits.Notably,the known hydrolyzable tannins 8-13 exhibited strongerα-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC_(50) values ranging from 0.10 to 3.12μM,than the positive control,quercetin(IC_(50)=9.38±0.33μM).

THE MECHANISM OF ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF TOTAL GLUCOSIDES EXTRACTED FROM CYNANCHUM AURICULA-TUM ROYLE (CA)

Since the chemical structure of total glucosides from Cynanchum Auriculatum Royle (CA) is similar to that of the steroline of Marsdenia Condurago Reich, a compound which exhibits antitumor activity, research into the antitumor activity of CA was carried out. Its mechanism of action was studied in vivo with C 57BL/6 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma and in vitro, with two mouse tumor cell lines: S180 and EAC. CA inhibited to a certain extent the growth of subcutaneously inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma and its pulmonary metastasis, and augmented the antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide. It showed a killing effect on the EAC and S180 tumor cells of mice in vitro as well. It blocked the tumor cells of solid Lewis lung carcinoma from entering into the S stage from G1 and inhibited DNA synthesis of S180 and EAC tumor cells of mice in vitro. It also markedly increased the number of mononuclear Mφ of tumor bearing mice, stimulated the macrophagic activity of their intraperitoneal Mφ, raised the percentage of ANAE(+) lymphocytes in peripheral blood and enhanced the ABC reaction and antibody formation in tumor bearing mice.

Terpenoid Glucosides fromAster Smithianus

A diterpenoid trisaccharide, smithoside A, and a saponin, smithoside B, as well as six known compounds, apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, daucosterol, shanzhiside methyl ester, 8-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester and acteoside, were isolated from Aster smithianus. On the basis of spectral evidence and chemical analytical results, smithosides A and B were identified as pimar-1 5 （ 16 ） -β-ene-8β, 11 α-diol-3β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl （ 1→3 ） - [ β-glucopyranosyl（ 1 →2 ） ] -β-D-glucopyranoside and 2β,3β, 16β,21β,23-pentahydroxy-12-ene-28 oleanoic acid lactone-3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl （ 1→3 ） -β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.

Iridoid glucosides from Allamanda neriifolia

A new iridoid glucoside,allamanoid(1),was isolated from the aerial parts of Allamanda neriifolia,together with three known glucosides,plumieride,protoplumericin,and nicotiflorin.Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D spectroscopic analyses, hydrolysis,and comparison with literature data.

Two New Diterpenoid Glucosides from Clerodendrum serratum

Two new diterpenoid glucosides, cleroserroside A and cleroserroside B, were isolatedfrom the aerial pans of Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexghlium Moldenke. Their structureswere characterized by spectral and chemical methods.