The Design and Its Application of Cross-Coupled Controller in X-Y Table

In conventional cross-coupled controller design,the method usually ignored the inherent characteristic of time-vary- ing parameters and model uncertainties in system.In this paper,a cross-coupled controller(CCC)using an H~∞control scheme has been proposed to reduce the contouring error for an X-Y table.Furthermore,the proposed CCC design,which is a typical Multi- Input Multi-Output(MIMO)system with linear time varying(LTV)characteristics,has been verified as being internally stable. The simulations are carried on Matlab simulink to verify the proposed method,and the results showed that the proposed method can reduce the contouring error significantly compared with the conventional one.

New Normal Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin

Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,previous and current situation of agricultural production and agricultural non-point source pollution control in the Dianchi Lake basin were studied,and countermeasures and suggestions of comprehensive control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were proposed.

Selection of suitable internal controls for gene expression normalization in rats with spinal cord injury

There is a lack of systematic research on the expression of internal control genes used for gene expression normalization in real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in spinal cord injury research.In this study,we used rat models of spinal cord hemisection to analyze the expression stability of 13 commonly applied reference genes:Actb,Ankrd27,CypA,Gapdh,Hprt1,Mrpl10,Pgk1,Rictor,Rn18s,Tbp,Ubc,Ubxn11,and Ywhaz.Our results show that the expression of Ankrd27,Ubc,and Tbp were stable after spinal cord injury,while Actb was the most unstable internal control gene.Ankrd27,Ubc,Tbp,and Actb were consequently used to investigate the effects of internal control genes with differing stabilities on the normalization of target gene expression.Target gene expression levels and changes over time were similar when Ankrd27,Ubc,and Tbp were used as internal controls but different when Actb was used as an internal control.We recommend that Ankrd27,Ubc,and Tbp are used as internal control genes for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in spinal cord injury research.This study was approved by the Administration Committee of Experimental Animals,Jiangsu Province,China(approval No.20180304-008)on March 4,2018.

Identification of stable internal control genes for accurate normalization of real-time quantitative PCR data in testicular tissue from two breeds of cattle

Objective:To assess the stability of 10 candidate internal control genes(ICGs),namely GAPDH,ACTB,RPL23,RPS15A,ATPSF1,GLUT5,HMBS,ATP2B4,PPIA,and BRP to normalize the transcriptional data from testes samples of Zebu and crossbred bulls.Methods:Total RNA was isolated from testicular tissue of Zebu and crossbred bulls(n=6 each)between 2-8 years of age.cDNA was synthesized,and the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was performed.The cycle threshold values were used for the analysis of the stability of ICGs.Four different statistical algorithms:geNorm,Normfinder,BestKeeper,and RefFinder,were used to assess the stability of these genes.Results:ATPSF1,HMBS,PPIA,and RPS15A were the most reliable and stable ICGs for Zebu testes,and ATPSF1,RPL23,and PPIA for crossbred testes.Conclusions:A panel of stable ICGs(ATPSF1,HMBS,PPIA,RPS15A for Zebu and ATPSF1,RPL23,and PPIA for crossbred)for normalization of gene expression data in testes samples can be helpful for researchers to conduct functional genomics studies at the testicular level in cattle bulls.

A REVERSED-FRAME NORMALIZATION DESIGN OF ROBUST FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

In this paper, a discussion is devoted to the theory and method of a reversed-frame normalization design to robust flight control system. The robust stability theory of the normal transfer function matrix with the same characteristic gain loci is proved. An example of flight control system design shows the application and advantage of this method.

Role of Soluble Factors in Immune and Normal Sera in the Control of Giardiasis Due to Giardia Iamblia

Hyperimmune sera (HIS), raised against crude giardia antigen, on in vitro interaction, caused more agglutination of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Heat inactivated HIS possessed a comparable agglutinating activity as the non-inactivated controls. Non-inactivated normal (unimmunized) serum caused immobilization of Giardia trophozoite, which was checked on heat inactivation. Antibodies in immune sera are mainly responsible for agglutination, whereas the heat labile non-immune components control the mobility of the intestinal parasite.

Robust Radiometric Normalization of the near Equatorial Satellite Images Using Feature Extraction and Remote Sensing Analysis

Relative radiometric normalization (RRN) minimizes radiometric differences among images caused by inconsistencies of acquisition conditions rather than changes in surface. Scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) has the ability to automatically extract control points (CPs) and is commonly used for remote sensing images. However, its results are mostly inaccurate and sometimes contain incorrect matching caused by generating a small number of false CP pairs. These CP pairs have high false alarm matching. This paper presents a modified method to improve the performance of SIFT CPs matching by applying sum of absolute difference (SAD) in a different manner for the new optical satellite generation called near-equatorial orbit satellite and multi-sensor images. The proposed method, which has a significantly high rate of correct matches, improves CP matching. The data in this study were obtained from the RazakSAT satellite a new near equatorial satellite system. The proposed method involves six steps: 1) data reduction, 2) applying the SIFT to automatically extract CPs, 3) refining CPs matching by using SAD algorithm with empirical threshold, and 4) calculation of true CPs intensity values over all image’ bands, 5) preforming a linear regression model between the intensity values of CPs locate in reverence and sensed image’ bands, 6) Relative radiometric normalization conducting using regression transformation functions. Different thresholds have experimentally tested and used in conducting this study (50 and 70), by followed the proposed method, and it removed the false extracted SIFT CPs to be from 775, 1125, 883, 804, 883 and 681 false pairs to 342, 424, 547, 706, 547, and 469 corrected and matched pairs, respectively.

异构工业控制网络多源目标入侵自动识别研究

异构工业控制网络多源目标特征处在不断变化中,具有起伏性,导致入侵识别精准度较低。提出考虑数据特征实时变化的入侵自动识别方法,并应用到异构工业控制网络中。设定归一化入侵特征空间,将全部网络数据规范到该空间内,并根据最大值和最小值比对将超出范围数据重新作归一化处理。以时域矩阵偏度特征、峰度特征以及包络起伏度特征作为入侵特征提取类别,分别计算工业控制网络中三种特征数据大小。在此基础上,首先计算一组入侵数据样本在网络中的各项特征表现;然后将表现参数转换为聚类中心值,求解待识别目标与聚类中心间欧式距离;最后按照距离大小完成入侵目标自动识别。试验数据证明:该方法在工控网络中识别精准度较高,并可在多种网络攻击环境下实现精准识别。该方法具有较好的应用效果。

PMSM正切趋近律无位置传感器角度补偿方法研究

在负载转矩突变的动态过程中,基于PI调节器的角度补偿方法作用时PMSM超螺旋滑模观测器(STSMO)转子电角度估算误差波动剧烈,因此依据角度估算误差的定义,建立了转子电角度补偿算法的数学模型。根据滑模控制和趋近律理论,提出了基于正切趋近律的变步长闭环角度补偿方法,选择角度估算误差的半角正切值作为角度调节步长,并通过前馈解耦得到的角度估算误差正余弦信号计算该步长,实现了对无位置传感器控制系统动态性能和抗扰动能力的改善。根据归一化灵敏度的定义,分析调节步长随角度估算误差变化的灵敏度,提出了基于归一化补偿灵敏度的系统动态性能分析方法,衡量两种补偿算法作用下系统的动态性能。计算和仿真结果表明,正切趋近律补偿方法具有更高的归一化补偿灵敏度,在负载转矩突变等角度估算误差变化剧烈的工况下能够实现更好的补偿效果,抑制估算角度误差的波动。实验结果表明,相比传统的PI补偿方法,正切趋近律补偿方法能够将突加额定转矩动态过程中角度估算误差的波动幅度降低61.9%,动态过程持续时间缩短23%,有效提升了系统的动态性能和抗扰动能力。

基于镜像修正FxLMS控制算法的船舶管路振动主动控制

针对船舶管路减振和抗冲击的需求,本文根据镜像修正自适应滤波算法,设计出了一种管路振动主动控制策略,能够有效地控制管路在低频下的振动,并且在次级通道发生突变时,控制系统可再次快速收敛,进行稳定控制。本文先对镜像修正自适应滤波算法进行理论研究,分析算法的迭代及控制过程;再通过仿真分别验证算法在不同参考信号输入下的收敛性及稳定性;最后搭建实验台架,通过试验验证算法的实际控制效果。试验结果表明:该控制策略在管路振动主动控制中能够降低15.37%的振动强度,比自适应滤波算法控制策略的控制效果好8.85%。所以镜像修正自适应滤波算法能够及时有效地进行管路振动控制。

基于NNC法和DMC算法的CCHP型微电网两阶段调度

冷热电联产(combined cooling, heating and power,CCHP)系统与微电网的结合有利于促进消纳可再生能源,为了提升CCHP型微电网的经济性、环保性和稳定性,提出了两阶段优化调度模型。离线优化阶段基于需求侧响应策略,建立了基于归一化法向约束法的多目标规划模型,并用熵权-TOPSIS法筛选最优结果。在线优化阶段建立了基于动态矩阵控制算法的有限时域优化模型,对离线优化结果进行跟踪优化和反馈校正,以降低不确定性因素的影响。最后,设计对比方案进行分析,验证了所提优化模型的有效性。

基于Normal矩阵谱平分法的快速电压控制分区

为提高电网中二级电压控制分区的速度,提出种基于复杂网络谱平分法的电压控制分区新算法。该算法采用节点导纳矩阵虚部作为电压控制分区简化拓扑模型的元素,并通过分析分区模型的Normal矩阵,直接获取分区聚类样本,在保证区域无功就地平衡的条件下,能够有效降低算法的时间复杂度。采用改进初始聚类中心的K-means聚类算法保证了分区时的稳定性,同时,模块度指标和无功储备校核的引入使优分区结果更客观、更可信。通过IEEE 39节点和IEEE 118节点标准测试系统对谱平分法分区的可行性和效率进行仿真计算和验证。分析表明,该方法能够快速有效地获取合理的电压控制分区方案,分区结果可为二级电压控制分区的工程实践提供参考。

基于Normal Form方法的UPFC多个功能控制器间交互影响分析

统一潮流控制器(UPFC)的重要特点之一就是它具有的多控制功能,包括潮流控制、电压控制和稳定性控制等等。然而时域仿真研究表明统一潮流控制器的多个控制器之间可能存在着较强的交互影响。本文研究了规范型(Normal Form)方法用于分析UPFC控制器间的交互影响问题的可能性,并引入一非线性交互指标定量地指示出控制器间的交互强弱程度。所提方法应用到新英格兰10机39节点系统,并通过时域仿真验证了所提规范型理论分析方法的有效性。

Selective control of secondary alcohols upgrading using Ir-catalyzed cross-coupling strategy

The selective coupling of alcohols is a fascinating yet challenging approach for upgrading alcohols. Herein, we accomplished the controlled production of β-disubstituted ketones or upgraded secondary alcohols via the Ir-catalyzed cross-coupling of secondary alcohols in excellent yields with broad substrate scopes. This selective control was achieved by using an in-situ generated monoNHC-Ir or a tris-NHC-Ir complex as the catalysts, respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that the delicate balance between dehydrogenation and hydrogenation abilities of these bifunctional catalysts is crucial for achieving different selectivity. The tris-NHC-Ir complex effectively facilitated dehydrogenation of alcohols and hydrogenation of intermediates, leading to the desired upgraded secondary alcohols. Conversely, the high dehydrogenation ability of the mono-NHC-Ir complex promoted the conversion of formed secondary alcohols back to ketones.

Enhancing Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection through Efficient Magnetic Resonance Image Analysis

Neuroimaging has emerged over the last few decades as a crucial tool in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a condition that falls between the spectrum of normal cognitive function and AD.However,previous studies have mainly used handcrafted features to classify MCI,AD,and normal control(NC)individuals.This paper focuses on using gray matter(GM)scans obtained through magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for the diagnosis of individuals with MCI,AD,and NC.To improve classification performance,we developed two transfer learning strategies with data augmentation(i.e.,shear range,rotation,zoom range,channel shift).The first approach is a deep Siamese network(DSN),and the second approach involves using a cross-domain strategy with customized VGG-16.We performed experiments on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)dataset to evaluate the performance of our proposed models.Our experimental results demonstrate superior performance in classifying the three binary classification tasks:NC vs.AD,NC vs.MCI,and MCI vs.AD.Specifically,we achieved a classification accuracy of 97.68%,94.25%,and 92.18%for the three cases,respectively.Our study proposes two transfer learning strategies with data augmentation to accurately diagnose MCI,AD,and normal control individuals using GM scans.Our findings provide promising results for future research and clinical applications in the early detection and diagnosis of AD.

老年特发性正常压力脑积水患者的姿势稳定性特征

背景:姿势控制能力受损是特发性正常压力脑积水患者发生跌倒、引发继发性损害的重要危险因素,现有研究大多是对患者直线行走时的步态参数进行分析,鲜有对患者在静态与动态活动中的姿势稳定性特征进行分析。目的:分析老年特发性正常压力脑积水患者的姿势稳定性特征。方法:选择2022年9月至2023年2月在上海市复旦大学附属华东医院神经外科临床诊断为特发性正常压力脑积水的患者22例作为患者组,同时选择健康陪诊家属18名作为健康对照组。分别采用计时起立-行走测试、多方向性伸展测试、Berg平衡量表和静态平衡功能测试(反应时间、移动速度、方向控制、最大偏移距离、端点行程)评估受试者的姿势稳定性特征。结果与结论:①患者组完成计时起立-行走测试所需时间及静态平衡功能测试的反应时间均长于健康对照组(P<0.05),前、后、左、右方向上的伸展测试手臂伸展距离均小于健康对照组(P<0.05),Berg平衡量表得分低于健康对照组(P<0.05),静态平衡功能测试的移动速度、方向控制、最大偏移距离和端点行程均小于健康对照组(P<0.05)。②结果提示,特发性正常压力脑积水患者表现出整体的姿势控制能力障碍,反应能力与执行能力受损使得这类患者在面对来自内部或外部的干扰时无法做出及时、准确的运动反应而出现姿势不稳,增加了发生跌倒的风险。

基于VPP碳流计算的多目标多时间尺度优化调度

为研究虚拟电厂低碳经济运行策略,以虚拟电厂能流和碳流模型为基础,执行了多目标多时间尺度优化调度。首先,基于碳流走向建立虚拟电厂低碳经济运行的非线性多目标规划模型,并采用归一化法向约束法进行求解。然后,建立了基于动态矩阵控制算法的有限时域优化模型,对日前结果进行跟踪优化和反馈校正,以降低不确定性因素的影响。最后,仿真对比实验验证了所提调度策略能在保证碳流计算精度超过95%的前提下实现虚拟电厂低碳经济运行。

基于Normal Form方法的电机系统分岔控制

研究了无刷直流电机系统等效非线性数学模型,分析了系统的Hopf分岔行为,并设计了washout滤波器,对系统产生的分岔行为进行控制。引入直接Normal Form(规范型)计算方法,求出系统的Hopf分岔规范式。通过规范式系数讨论控制参数的选择原则以及对Hopf分岔类型及极限环幅值的影响。理论和仿真结果表明:在施加控制器之前,系统发生亚临界Hopf分岔,极限环不稳定,系统进入混沌状态;在施加控制器之后,当受控系统规范式系数实部小于零时,系统发生超临界Hopf分岔,原系统不稳定极限环被控制为稳定极限环,从而抑制了混沌的产生,保证了电机运行性能的稳定性。

地基微波辐射计资料的质量控制及同化应用研究

针对地基微波辐射计反演资料的质量问题,利用北京区域7个站点的RPG-HATPRO型微波辐射计反演的温湿数据,在传统质量控制方法的基础上,通过增加双权重检查和偏差订正方法,设计了新的质量控制方案,而后针对质量控制后的温湿廓线开展了同化应用研究,结果表明:只有个别站点的反演温度误差较大,反演温度误差大的站点在质量控制前最大均方根误差为8℃,但在质量控制后均方根误差下降到4℃以内,误差下降50%以上,而对于反演温度误差小的站点,质量控制只对高层数据有所改善;进一步分析表明所有站点的反演相对湿度误差都比较大,在质量控制前反演的相对湿度均方根误差最大甚至达到50%,但在质量控制后所有站点反演的相对湿度均方根误差都降到20%以内,误差显著降低,同时经过质量控制后的反演温湿数据误差平均偏差降为0左右,误差满足高斯分布,符合同化的要求。同化试验表明:与控制试验相比,同化质量控制后的地基微波辐射计反演温湿廓线资料能有效改善模式对所有量级的6 h累积降水量预报,无论是降水中心位置预报还是降水量级预报,都使得模式降水预报更加趋近实况,同化试验还表明同化对温湿场有较大影响,使得模式温湿场更加合理,能有效提高模式的预报准确率。

基于改进深度强化学习的注采调控模型研究

提出一种基于改进深度强化学习的注采调控模型。首先,建立以最大化经济效益为目标函数的注采调控强化环境。其次,针对模型参数量大、网络内部协变量位移多等问题,提出一种改进双重深度Q网络的深度强化学习方法,应用批量归一化技术逐层归一化模型的输入数据,增强模型的泛化能力;再通过剪枝模块压缩模型体积,加速网络的训练过程,引入动态ε策略思想提高模型的鲁棒性和稳定性。最后,将所提模型同其他模型进行对比,实验结果表明,所提模型能获得更高、更稳定的平均累计奖励和更快的收敛速度和运行速度。