Comparison of corneal biomechanical properties in normal tension glaucoma patients with different visual field progression speed

AIM：To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer（ORA） in normal tension glaucoma（NTG） patients with different visual field（VF） progression speed. METHODS：NTG patients with well-controlled Goldmann applanation tonometer（GAT） who routinely consulted Kitasato University Hospital Glaucoma Department between January 2010 and February 2014 were enrolled.GAT and ORA parameters including corneal compensated intraocular pressure（lOPcc）,Goldmann estimated intraocular pressure（lOPg）,corneal hysteresis（CH）,corneal resistance factor（CRF） were recorded.VF was tested by Swedish interactive threshold algorithm（SITA）-standard 30-2 fields.All patients underwent VF measurement regularly and GAT did not exceed 15 mm Hg at any time during the 3y follow up.Patients were divided into four groups according to VF change over 3y,and ORA findings were compared between the upper 25th percentile group（slow progression group） and the lower 25th percentile group（rapid progression group）.RESULTS：Eighty-two eyes of 56 patients were studied.There were 21 eyes（21 patients） each in rapid and slow progression groups respectively.GAT,lOPcc,lOPg,CH,CRF were 12.1＋1.4 mm Hg,15.8±1.8 mm Hg,12.8±2.0 mm Hg,8.4±1.1 mm Hg,7.9±1.3 mm Hg respectively in rapid progression group and 11.5±1.3 mm Hg,13.5±2.1 mm Hg,11.2±1.6 mm Hg,9.3±1.1 mm Hg,8.2±0.9 mm Hg respectively in slow progression group（P=0.214,〈0.001,0.007,0.017,0.413,respectively）.In bivariate correlation analysis,lOPcc,lOPcc-GAT and CH were significant correlated with m△MD（r =-0.292,-0.312,0.228 respectively,P =0.008,0.004,0.039 respectively）.CONCLUSION：Relatively rapid VF progression occurred in NTG patients whose lOPcc are rather high,CH are rather low and the difference between lOPcc and GAT are relatively large.Higher lOPcc and lower CH are associated with VF progression in NTG patients.This study suggests that GAT measures might underestimate the IOP in such patients.

The Rate of Asymptotic Normality of Frequency Polygon Density Estimation for Spatial Random Fields

This paper is to investigate the convergence rate of asymptotic normality of frequency polygon estimation for density function under mixing random fields, which include strongly mixing condition and some weaker mixing conditions. A Berry-Esseen bound of frequency polygon is established and the convergence rates of asymptotic normality are derived. In particularly, for the optimal bin width , it is showed that the convergence rate of asymptotic normality reaches to ?when mixing coefficient tends to zero exponentially fast.

A new edge recognition technology based on the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative for potential field data

边察觉和改进技术通常在用潜在的域数据认出地质的身体的边被使用。我们在场一种新边识别技术基于有边察觉和改进技术的功能的全部的水平衍生物的规范的垂直衍生物。首先，我们计算潜在地的数据的全部的水平衍生物(THDR ) 然后计算 n 顺序 THDR 的垂直衍生物(VDRn ) 。为 n 顺序垂直衍生物，全部的水平衍生物(PTHDR ) 的山峰价值用比 0 大的阀值价值被获得。这 PTHDR 能被用于边察觉。第二， PTHDR 价值被全部的水平衍生物划分并且由最大的价值使正常化。最后，我们使用了数字模型的不同类型验证新边识别技术的有效性和可靠性。

The anomalous reactions of the geomagnetic horizontal field transfer functions before Tangshan earthquake

We have collected the data of variometers in period from 1972 through 1984 at Changli and Baijiatuan stations. The results calculated from 19 groups of data show: 1) There are no significant anomalies of A, B at Baijiatuan and that of B at Changli, but there are evident anomalous changes for A u, A v at Changli station. This result basically agrees to the a, b calculated using the method of measuring magnetograms, which demonstrates that the anomalies limited in the aftershock area and its neighbouring regions. 2) There are some changes of the inter station transfer functions of C u, C v, F u, F v before Tangshan earthquake, and the changes of the image parts C v, F v are more obvious, which is in agreement with the research results for Hualian earthquake. However, according to the results of Carlisle M =5.0 earthquake by Beamish(1982), the real parts F u, C u change more significantly.

基于正态信息扩散的堤防土层渗透系数空间分布研究

堤防土层渗透系数具有显著空间变异性,对渗透系数进行空间变异性表征是研究其空间分布的基础。以长江堤防武汉段为例,收集111组堤身壤土渗透系数实测数据,引入正态信息扩散分布构建渗透系数表征模型,采用协方差矩阵分解法建立渗透系数随机场模拟渗透系数空间分布。结果表明,5处堤防壤土渗透系数均具有较强空间变异性,引入的正态信息扩散分布表征模型可有效表征渗透系数的分布特征,符合正态信息扩散分布的渗透系数随机场,能较好体现渗透系数的空间分布特征。

烟-稻轮作典型烟田团聚体分布特征及其与土壤养分、作物产量的关系

【目的】结合烟-稻两季定位调查与采样分析,研究土壤团聚体分布特征及其与土壤养分、作物产量的关系。【方法】选取同一母质正常烟田和障碍烟田各10个,进行定位调查和采样分析,采集0~20 cm表层土样,分析土壤团聚体、土壤养分与土壤生物学特征,研究烟-稻轮作土壤团聚体分布与土壤的关系。【结果】正常烟田土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮和速效钾以及土壤微生物基础呼吸、微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物生物量磷、β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶、氨基乙酰葡糖苷酶、β-D-吡喃木糖苷酶、酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶显著高于障碍烟田(P<0.05);正常烟田烟草季、水稻季土壤大团聚体(2~8mm)显著高于障碍烟田,分别为35.09%、31.75%,且土壤团聚体稳定性指标高。正常烟田烟叶农艺性状与作物产量均显著高于障碍烟田。烟草季水稻季土壤大团聚体与土壤有机碳、全氮呈显著正相关。【结论】正常烟田土壤大团聚体(2~8mm)比障碍烟田高,土壤养分和团聚体分布差异明显,长期的烟-稻轮作促进了土壤团聚体形成,是土壤肥力提高和土壤结构改良的重要途径。

归一化标准差法在位场边界识别中的应用

位场梯度归一化标准差法是一种常规的数理统计类边界识别方法,因其能识别不同埋深地质体的边界、增强重力场异常边缘而受到广泛关注。文中阐述了归一化标准差和改进归一化标准差两类方法的基本原理,并通过模型试算分析了两类方法的优势。结果认为,相较于传统位场边界识别方法,归一化标准差法边界识别效果较清晰,而改进归一化标准差法边界更加收敛,分辨率更高。改进归一化标准差继承了归一化标准差法的优势,能够有效提取重力场异常信息,识别的地质体边界位置比实际位置吻合度更高,具有较高的精度和清晰度。最后,将归一化标准差及其改进应用于实际数据的处理中,并与垂向二阶导数、水平总梯度、解析信号以及倾斜角方法的应用效果进行对比分析,其结果清晰地反映出线性分布特征及界线。

联合傅里叶卷积与通道注意力的光场角度重建

光场相机能够同时捕获光线的强度和方向信息,但由于成像传感器尺寸的限制,无法同时获得高空间和角度分辨率的光场图像。提出了一种联合傅里叶卷积和通道注意力的光场角度重建方法,通过使用稀疏光场图像4个边角位置的参考视图,可以间接地重建出密集光场图像。考虑到光场数据的内在4D结构,采用通道级密集快速傅里叶残差卷积块,在空域和频域对光场图像的空间和角度相关性进行建模,然后采用基于全局响应归一化的通道注意块,以实现通道间的自适应融合。此外,还提出了一种改进的视点加权间接合成方法,通过为每个参考视图分配一个置信图,为参考视图之间建立联系以合成更真实的新视图。实验结果表明,相比于现有先进的光场角度重建算法IRVAE,所提方法的重建光场图像质量在自然光场数据集30Scenes,Occlusion和Reflective上的平均PSNR分别提高了0.08,0.13和0.13 dB。所提方法在保证光场角度一致性的前提下取得了清晰的重建结果。

单轴压缩试验法向临界阻尼比对岩石宏观参数的影响研究

为研究法向临界阻尼比对岩石的宏观参数的影响,基于单轴压缩试验,采用PFC^(2D)数值模拟软件,通过前期标定,完成试样模型的建立,并通过改变法向临界阻尼比,研究其对峰值强度、弹性模量、泊松比、试样能量损耗的影响,同时观察试样破坏形态的改变。结果表明,法向临界阻尼比对峰值强度、泊松比影响较大,对弹性模量影响较小,随着法向临界阻尼比的增大,试样的能量损耗和破坏形态都有先减少后增大的趋势。

基于稀疏角域的6G信道估计智能反射面算法

智能反射面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)有着操纵性强、能耗低、方便部署等优势,已成为6G(第六代移动通信)的关键技术。研究了关于智能反射面的信道估计算法,对于传统算法在传播时路径会因角度原因发生偏移的情况,采用了Tucker分解的稀疏角度域高阶奇异值分解(High Order Singular Value Decomposition,HOSVD)信道估计算法来解决路径偏移的问题。为了验证所提出算法的鲁棒性,对比了传统的交替最小二乘法信道估计算法,可以得到不管是在用户数量、传播的路径偏移上都能取得比传统的信道估计算法更好的归一化最小均方误差(Normalized Mean Squared Error,NMSE)效果。

一种新的估计非高斯分布含水层渗透系数场的方法

集合卡尔曼滤波(ensemble Kalman filter,EnKF)是最流行的数据同化方法之一。然而,在处理非高斯问题时,EnKF存在局限性。为了解决非高斯问题并准确描述含水介质连通性,将正态分数变换(normal-score transformation,NST)与多重数据同化集合平滑器(ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation,ES-MDA)相结合,提出NS-ES-MDA方法。通过对比实验,验证了NS-ES-MDA方法估计非高斯分布含水层渗透系数场的有效性。相较于重启正态分数集合卡尔曼滤波器(restart normal-score ensemble Kalman filter,rNS-EnKF)方法,NS-ES-MDA在吸收相同数据后,参数估计精度提升约34%,计算效率提升约35%。此外,NS-ES-MDA方法受“异参同效”现象的影响较小,具有较强的更新能力,能够保障得到较准确的参数估计值。研究可为非高斯分布含水层参数估计提供一种有效的求解方法。

Quasinormal Spectrum and Quantization of the Kerr-Newman Black Hole

The intermediate asymptotic quasinormal mode spectrum of the charged scalar and Dirac fields in the near extremal Kerr-Newman black hole is studied analytically, It is found that the quasinormal mode spectrum can be expressed in terms of the Hawking temperature Thb, the electric potential Ф＋ and the horizon＇s angular velocity ΩH for the case of （eФ_ ＋ mΩH） 〉 （1 - 4πThb）Re（ω） （where e is the charge and m is the azimuthal projection number）, whereas it is only relevant to the charge and the mass parameter for another case. It is also shown that by using the Bohr＇s correspondence principle, the fundamental change in the black-hole surface area induced by the emission of a rotating charged quantum from the Kerr-Newman black hole is in accord with the Bekenstein-Mukhanov general prediction.

法向磁场作用下槽道流内的精确相干态

层流-湍流转捩过程一直以来都是流体力学的研究热点,精确相干态对于预测转捩路径和理解湍流自维持动力循环过程具有重要的意义.为了研究法向磁场对槽道流转捩过程的影响,文章利用直接数值模拟方法结合二分法,在槽道泊肃叶流中寻找不同雷诺数和哈特曼数组合下的精确相干态-周期轨道解,并对施加磁场前后精确相干态的结构与形态进行了对比分析.结果发现,在本文考虑的参数组合下,精确相干结构在施加磁场前后并无明显变化,均由位于通道中心的流向条带及其两侧的流向漩涡构成.随雷诺数的增大,精确相干态的轨道周期变长,而扰动能振幅则减小.当磁场强度增大时,流场内各方向上的扰动能呈周期性振荡变化,且流场内的相干结构向两侧的壁面迁移,扰动速度振幅增大.无磁场作用时,精确相干态的扰动能正比于Re^(-2.36),且不同Re数下的均方根扰动速度分布具有相似性.施加法向磁场后,上述标度律不变,均方根速度分布不再具有相似性,精确相干态的扰动能随磁场强度增加而增大,表明磁场对扰动具有一定的抑制作用,从而使流场保持相对的稳定.

Design consideration and fabrication of 1.2-kV 4H-SiC trenched-and-implanted vertical junction field-effect transistors

We present the design consideration and fabrication of 4H-SiC trenched-and-implanted vertical junction field-effect transistors （TI-VJFETs）. Different design factors, including channel width, channel doping, and mesa height, are con- sidered and evaluated by numerical simulations. Based on the simulation result, normally-on and normally-off devices are fabricated. The fabricated device has a 12 μm thick drift layer with 8 × 10^15 cm^-3 N-type doping and 2.6 μm channel length. The normally-on device shows a 1.2 kV blocking capability with a minimum on-state resistance of 2.33 mΩ.cm2, while the normally-off device shows an on-state resistance of 3.85 mΩ.cm2. Both the on-state and the blocking performances of the device are close to the state-of-the-art values in this voltage range.

Local integrable differential systems and their normal forms

In this paper we first summarize our results published in recent years and their sketch proofs on local integrability,which are on the characterization of local integrability and on the existence of analytic normalization of analytically integrable differential systems. Then we present a new result on the equivalent characterization of the existence of the first integrals of an analytic differential systems near a nonhyperbolic singularity. Finally we pose some open problems on this subject.

算法构建论文层次学科分类体系研究述评

[目的/意义]梳理算法构建论文层次学科分类体系相关研究,归纳总结现有研究尤其是应用研究中存在的问题和不足,为相关理论研究和实践应用提供参考与借鉴。[方法/过程]首先,界定算法构建论文层次学科分类体系的概念和内涵,从3个阶段梳理其发展历程。其次,根据构建流程从构建数据关系、聚类方法和描述学科领域几个步骤整理相关研究。最后,梳理学科分类体系特点,以及在构建领域数据集、描述学科结构和学科标准化等方面的应用,指出目前各项研究中存在的问题和不足及未来可能的发展方向。[结果/结论]算法构建论文层次学科分类体系及其应用目前仍然是科学计量学的前沿问题。随着分类数据可获取性提高,论文层次学科分类体系的接受度和使用范围正在不断扩大。但依然存在以下主要问题,值得进一步研究:①由于缺少广泛认可的大范围的金标准数据,目前算法构建的论文层次分类体系的准确性还存有争论,相似度算法的优劣还未有统一结论;②以计算得到的关键词给聚类结果进行命名是目前的主要方式,但可读性较差,不利于使用者快速了解各类别内容;③在应用中与其他分类体系的比较研究还较少,没有充分揭示论文层次分类体系的特性。未来可在构建领域数据集、描述学科结构和学科标准化等主要的应用领域进一步深入研究,同时结合深度学习的文档表征技术和文档总结技术解决传统算法的不足,并探索论文层次的人文社会科学分类体系构建。

The transfer of the quantum correlation from two-mode nonclassical state field to the supercurrents in two distant SQUID rings

We have considered two distant mesoscopic superconducting quantum interference device （SQUID） rings A and B in the presence of two-mode nonclassical state fields and investigated the correlation of the supercurrents in the two rings using the normalized correlation function CAB. We show that when the parameter c~ is very small for the separable state with the density matrix ρ = {│α,-α） （α,-α│ ＋ │-α, α） （-α, α│}/2 and entangled coherent state {（ECS） [u） = N1（│α, -α） ＋ │-α, α）} fields, the dynamic behaviours of the normalized correlation function CAB are similar, but it is quite different for the entangled coherent state │u＇） = N2（│α,-α） - │-α, α）} field. When the parameter α is very large, the dynamic behaviours of CAB are almost the same for the separable state, entangled coherent state │u） and [u＇〉 fields. For the two-mode squeezed vacuum state field the maximum of CAB increases monotonically with the squeezing parameter γ, and as γ→ ∞ , CAB→ 1. This means that the supercurrents in the two rings A and B are quantum mechanically correlated perfectly. It is concluded that not all the quantum correlations in the two-mode nonclassical state field can be transferred to the supercurrents; and the transfer depends on the state of the two-mode nonclassical state field prepared.

Photon Can Be Described as the Normalized Mutual Energy Flow

Einstein guessed that the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built by thousands of photons, however, no one has offered a theory about how the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built from photons. A concrete theory about photons is needed to answer this question. Current theory for photons is Maxwell’s equation which has the solution of waves, but it is difficult to describe the photon as a particle. There is the paradox problem of wave-particle duality. This article offers one solution to solve this problem by introducing the normalized mutual energy flow. The interaction of the retarded wave and advanced wave produce the mutual energy flow. The mutual energy flow satisfies the mutual energy flow theorem. The mutual energy flow theorem tells us that the energy that goes through each surface between the emitter and the absorber is all same. That means the mutual energy flow is different in comparison to the waves. The wave, for example, the retarded wave, its amplitude is decreased with the distance from the source to the point of the field. The mutual energy flow does not decrease. The author noticed this and claimed that the photon is the mutual energy flow. In this article the author updated this claim that the photon is the normalized mutual energy flow. Here the normalization of mutual energy flow will normalize the mutual energy flow to the energy of a photon, which is E = hf. E is the energy of the photon;h is Planck constant;f is the frequency of the light. This normalization is similar to the normalization in quantum mechanics. After this normalization the relation between an electromagnetic wave and photon as a particle becomes clear. This article will prove that the macroscopic wave of an electromagnetic field can be built by thousands of normalized mutual energy flows, which describes the photons. The mutual energy flow is an interaction of the retarded wave and the advanced wave. The retarded wave and the advanced wave satisfy the Maxwell equations. There are two additional waves which are the time-reversal waves which satisfy time-reversal Maxwell equations. The advanced wave and the two time-reversal waves are all real and physical electromagnetic fields. The time-reversal waves cancel all self-energy flows of the retarded wave and advanced wave. Hence, the waves do not carry any energy, the energy is only transferred by the normalized mutual energy flows which are the photons. Hence, all energy is transferred by the photon instead of waves. This offers a solution to paradox of the duality of wave-particle.

Mode-field half-widths of Gaussian approximation for the fundamental mode of two kinds of optical waveguides

This paper analyzes the characteristic of matching efficiency between the fundamental mode of two kinds of optical waveguides and its Gaussian approximate field.Then, it presents a new method where the mode-field half-width of Caussian approximation for the fundamental mode should be defined according to the maximal matching efficiency method. The relationship between the mode-field half-width of the Gaussian approximate field obtained from the maximal matching efficiency and normalized frequency is studied; furthermore, two formulas of mode-field half-widths as a function of normalized frequency are proposed.

具有组分梯度的HgCdTe探测器光电特性

PN结分别制备在HgCdTe外延薄膜材料的Cd组分非线性分布区和线性分布区的高组分端,研究了具有组分梯度的HgCdTe探测器的光电特性。计算不同温度下组分梯度产生的内建电场,结果显示Cd组分线性分布产生的内建电场在100~200 V/cm,而Cd组分非线性分布使得样品表面薄层的内建电场高达2 000 V/cm,推测组分梯度产生的内建电场对光生少子运动的影响是引起两个样品光电性能差异的主要原因。通过分析样品响应率随温度的三种不同变化趋势,提出利用温度调控组分梯度产生的内建电场,有利于降低空间电荷效应,为大注入下提高HgCdTe探测器的饱和阈值提供了一种新的设计思路。