AIM:To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer(ORA) in normal tension glaucoma(NTG) patients with different visual field(VF) progression speed. METHODS:NTG patients ...AIM:To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer(ORA) in normal tension glaucoma(NTG) patients with different visual field(VF) progression speed. METHODS:NTG patients with well-controlled Goldmann applanation tonometer(GAT) who routinely consulted Kitasato University Hospital Glaucoma Department between January 2010 and February 2014 were enrolled.GAT and ORA parameters including corneal compensated intraocular pressure(lOPcc),Goldmann estimated intraocular pressure(lOPg),corneal hysteresis(CH),corneal resistance factor(CRF) were recorded.VF was tested by Swedish interactive threshold algorithm(SITA)-standard 30-2 fields.All patients underwent VF measurement regularly and GAT did not exceed 15 mm Hg at any time during the 3y follow up.Patients were divided into four groups according to VF change over 3y,and ORA findings were compared between the upper 25th percentile group(slow progression group) and the lower 25th percentile group(rapid progression group).RESULTS:Eighty-two eyes of 56 patients were studied.There were 21 eyes(21 patients) each in rapid and slow progression groups respectively.GAT,lOPcc,lOPg,CH,CRF were 12.1+1.4 mm Hg,15.8±1.8 mm Hg,12.8±2.0 mm Hg,8.4±1.1 mm Hg,7.9±1.3 mm Hg respectively in rapid progression group and 11.5±1.3 mm Hg,13.5±2.1 mm Hg,11.2±1.6 mm Hg,9.3±1.1 mm Hg,8.2±0.9 mm Hg respectively in slow progression group(P=0.214,〈0.001,0.007,0.017,0.413,respectively).In bivariate correlation analysis,lOPcc,lOPcc-GAT and CH were significant correlated with m△MD(r =-0.292,-0.312,0.228 respectively,P =0.008,0.004,0.039 respectively).CONCLUSION:Relatively rapid VF progression occurred in NTG patients whose lOPcc are rather high,CH are rather low and the difference between lOPcc and GAT are relatively large.Higher lOPcc and lower CH are associated with VF progression in NTG patients.This study suggests that GAT measures might underestimate the IOP in such patients.展开更多
This paper is to investigate the convergence rate of asymptotic normality of frequency polygon estimation for density function under mixing random fields, which include strongly mixing condition and some weaker mixing...This paper is to investigate the convergence rate of asymptotic normality of frequency polygon estimation for density function under mixing random fields, which include strongly mixing condition and some weaker mixing conditions. A Berry-Esseen bound of frequency polygon is established and the convergence rates of asymptotic normality are derived. In particularly, for the optimal bin width , it is showed that the convergence rate of asymptotic normality reaches to ?when mixing coefficient tends to zero exponentially fast.展开更多
We have collected the data of variometers in period from 1972 through 1984 at Changli and Baijiatuan stations. The results calculated from 19 groups of data show: 1) There are no significant anomalies of A...We have collected the data of variometers in period from 1972 through 1984 at Changli and Baijiatuan stations. The results calculated from 19 groups of data show: 1) There are no significant anomalies of A, B at Baijiatuan and that of B at Changli, but there are evident anomalous changes for A u, A v at Changli station. This result basically agrees to the a, b calculated using the method of measuring magnetograms, which demonstrates that the anomalies limited in the aftershock area and its neighbouring regions. 2) There are some changes of the inter station transfer functions of C u, C v, F u, F v before Tangshan earthquake, and the changes of the image parts C v, F v are more obvious, which is in agreement with the research results for Hualian earthquake. However, according to the results of Carlisle M =5.0 earthquake by Beamish(1982), the real parts F u, C u change more significantly.展开更多
智能反射面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)有着操纵性强、能耗低、方便部署等优势,已成为6G(第六代移动通信)的关键技术。研究了关于智能反射面的信道估计算法,对于传统算法在传播时路径会因角度原因发生偏移的情况,采用了Tu...智能反射面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)有着操纵性强、能耗低、方便部署等优势,已成为6G(第六代移动通信)的关键技术。研究了关于智能反射面的信道估计算法,对于传统算法在传播时路径会因角度原因发生偏移的情况,采用了Tucker分解的稀疏角度域高阶奇异值分解(High Order Singular Value Decomposition,HOSVD)信道估计算法来解决路径偏移的问题。为了验证所提出算法的鲁棒性,对比了传统的交替最小二乘法信道估计算法,可以得到不管是在用户数量、传播的路径偏移上都能取得比传统的信道估计算法更好的归一化最小均方误差(Normalized Mean Squared Error,NMSE)效果。展开更多
The intermediate asymptotic quasinormal mode spectrum of the charged scalar and Dirac fields in the near extremal Kerr-Newman black hole is studied analytically, It is found that the quasinormal mode spectrum can be e...The intermediate asymptotic quasinormal mode spectrum of the charged scalar and Dirac fields in the near extremal Kerr-Newman black hole is studied analytically, It is found that the quasinormal mode spectrum can be expressed in terms of the Hawking temperature Thb, the electric potential Ф+ and the horizon's angular velocity ΩH for the case of (eФ_ + mΩH) 〉 (1 - 4πThb)Re(ω) (where e is the charge and m is the azimuthal projection number), whereas it is only relevant to the charge and the mass parameter for another case. It is also shown that by using the Bohr's correspondence principle, the fundamental change in the black-hole surface area induced by the emission of a rotating charged quantum from the Kerr-Newman black hole is in accord with the Bekenstein-Mukhanov general prediction.展开更多
We present the design consideration and fabrication of 4H-SiC trenched-and-implanted vertical junction field-effect transistors (TI-VJFETs). Different design factors, including channel width, channel doping, and mes...We present the design consideration and fabrication of 4H-SiC trenched-and-implanted vertical junction field-effect transistors (TI-VJFETs). Different design factors, including channel width, channel doping, and mesa height, are con- sidered and evaluated by numerical simulations. Based on the simulation result, normally-on and normally-off devices are fabricated. The fabricated device has a 12 μm thick drift layer with 8 × 10^15 cm^-3 N-type doping and 2.6 μm channel length. The normally-on device shows a 1.2 kV blocking capability with a minimum on-state resistance of 2.33 mΩ.cm2, while the normally-off device shows an on-state resistance of 3.85 mΩ.cm2. Both the on-state and the blocking performances of the device are close to the state-of-the-art values in this voltage range.展开更多
In this paper we first summarize our results published in recent years and their sketch proofs on local integrability,which are on the characterization of local integrability and on the existence of analytic normaliza...In this paper we first summarize our results published in recent years and their sketch proofs on local integrability,which are on the characterization of local integrability and on the existence of analytic normalization of analytically integrable differential systems. Then we present a new result on the equivalent characterization of the existence of the first integrals of an analytic differential systems near a nonhyperbolic singularity. Finally we pose some open problems on this subject.展开更多
We have considered two distant mesoscopic superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) rings A and B in the presence of two-mode nonclassical state fields and investigated the correlation of the supercurrents...We have considered two distant mesoscopic superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) rings A and B in the presence of two-mode nonclassical state fields and investigated the correlation of the supercurrents in the two rings using the normalized correlation function CAB. We show that when the parameter c~ is very small for the separable state with the density matrix ρ = {│α,-α) (α,-α│ + │-α, α) (-α, α│}/2 and entangled coherent state {(ECS) [u) = N1(│α, -α) + │-α, α)} fields, the dynamic behaviours of the normalized correlation function CAB are similar, but it is quite different for the entangled coherent state │u') = N2(│α,-α) - │-α, α)} field. When the parameter α is very large, the dynamic behaviours of CAB are almost the same for the separable state, entangled coherent state │u) and [u'〉 fields. For the two-mode squeezed vacuum state field the maximum of CAB increases monotonically with the squeezing parameter γ, and as γ→ ∞ , CAB→ 1. This means that the supercurrents in the two rings A and B are quantum mechanically correlated perfectly. It is concluded that not all the quantum correlations in the two-mode nonclassical state field can be transferred to the supercurrents; and the transfer depends on the state of the two-mode nonclassical state field prepared.展开更多
Einstein guessed that the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built by thousands of photons, however, no one has offered a theory about how the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built from photons. A concrete theory...Einstein guessed that the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built by thousands of photons, however, no one has offered a theory about how the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built from photons. A concrete theory about photons is needed to answer this question. Current theory for photons is Maxwell’s equation which has the solution of waves, but it is difficult to describe the photon as a particle. There is the paradox problem of wave-particle duality. This article offers one solution to solve this problem by introducing the normalized mutual energy flow. The interaction of the retarded wave and advanced wave produce the mutual energy flow. The mutual energy flow satisfies the mutual energy flow theorem. The mutual energy flow theorem tells us that the energy that goes through each surface between the emitter and the absorber is all same. That means the mutual energy flow is different in comparison to the waves. The wave, for example, the retarded wave, its amplitude is decreased with the distance from the source to the point of the field. The mutual energy flow does not decrease. The author noticed this and claimed that the photon is the mutual energy flow. In this article the author updated this claim that the photon is the normalized mutual energy flow. Here the normalization of mutual energy flow will normalize the mutual energy flow to the energy of a photon, which is E = hf. E is the energy of the photon;h is Planck constant;f is the frequency of the light. This normalization is similar to the normalization in quantum mechanics. After this normalization the relation between an electromagnetic wave and photon as a particle becomes clear. This article will prove that the macroscopic wave of an electromagnetic field can be built by thousands of normalized mutual energy flows, which describes the photons. The mutual energy flow is an interaction of the retarded wave and the advanced wave. The retarded wave and the advanced wave satisfy the Maxwell equations. There are two additional waves which are the time-reversal waves which satisfy time-reversal Maxwell equations. The advanced wave and the two time-reversal waves are all real and physical electromagnetic fields. The time-reversal waves cancel all self-energy flows of the retarded wave and advanced wave. Hence, the waves do not carry any energy, the energy is only transferred by the normalized mutual energy flows which are the photons. Hence, all energy is transferred by the photon instead of waves. This offers a solution to paradox of the duality of wave-particle.展开更多
This paper analyzes the characteristic of matching efficiency between the fundamental mode of two kinds of optical waveguides and its Gaussian approximate field.Then, it presents a new method where the mode-field half...This paper analyzes the characteristic of matching efficiency between the fundamental mode of two kinds of optical waveguides and its Gaussian approximate field.Then, it presents a new method where the mode-field half-width of Caussian approximation for the fundamental mode should be defined according to the maximal matching efficiency method. The relationship between the mode-field half-width of the Gaussian approximate field obtained from the maximal matching efficiency and normalized frequency is studied; furthermore, two formulas of mode-field half-widths as a function of normalized frequency are proposed.展开更多
文摘AIM:To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer(ORA) in normal tension glaucoma(NTG) patients with different visual field(VF) progression speed. METHODS:NTG patients with well-controlled Goldmann applanation tonometer(GAT) who routinely consulted Kitasato University Hospital Glaucoma Department between January 2010 and February 2014 were enrolled.GAT and ORA parameters including corneal compensated intraocular pressure(lOPcc),Goldmann estimated intraocular pressure(lOPg),corneal hysteresis(CH),corneal resistance factor(CRF) were recorded.VF was tested by Swedish interactive threshold algorithm(SITA)-standard 30-2 fields.All patients underwent VF measurement regularly and GAT did not exceed 15 mm Hg at any time during the 3y follow up.Patients were divided into four groups according to VF change over 3y,and ORA findings were compared between the upper 25th percentile group(slow progression group) and the lower 25th percentile group(rapid progression group).RESULTS:Eighty-two eyes of 56 patients were studied.There were 21 eyes(21 patients) each in rapid and slow progression groups respectively.GAT,lOPcc,lOPg,CH,CRF were 12.1+1.4 mm Hg,15.8±1.8 mm Hg,12.8±2.0 mm Hg,8.4±1.1 mm Hg,7.9±1.3 mm Hg respectively in rapid progression group and 11.5±1.3 mm Hg,13.5±2.1 mm Hg,11.2±1.6 mm Hg,9.3±1.1 mm Hg,8.2±0.9 mm Hg respectively in slow progression group(P=0.214,〈0.001,0.007,0.017,0.413,respectively).In bivariate correlation analysis,lOPcc,lOPcc-GAT and CH were significant correlated with m△MD(r =-0.292,-0.312,0.228 respectively,P =0.008,0.004,0.039 respectively).CONCLUSION:Relatively rapid VF progression occurred in NTG patients whose lOPcc are rather high,CH are rather low and the difference between lOPcc and GAT are relatively large.Higher lOPcc and lower CH are associated with VF progression in NTG patients.This study suggests that GAT measures might underestimate the IOP in such patients.
文摘This paper is to investigate the convergence rate of asymptotic normality of frequency polygon estimation for density function under mixing random fields, which include strongly mixing condition and some weaker mixing conditions. A Berry-Esseen bound of frequency polygon is established and the convergence rates of asymptotic normality are derived. In particularly, for the optimal bin width , it is showed that the convergence rate of asymptotic normality reaches to ?when mixing coefficient tends to zero exponentially fast.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Projects (2008ZX05025)the Project of National Oil and Gas Resources Strategic Constituency Survey and Evaluation of the Ministry of Land and Resources,China (XQ-2007-05)
文摘边察觉和改进技术通常在用潜在的域数据认出地质的身体的边被使用。我们在场一种新边识别技术基于有边察觉和改进技术的功能的全部的水平衍生物的规范的垂直衍生物。首先,我们计算潜在地的数据的全部的水平衍生物(THDR ) 然后计算 n 顺序 THDR 的垂直衍生物(VDRn ) 。为 n 顺序垂直衍生物,全部的水平衍生物(PTHDR ) 的山峰价值用比 0 大的阀值价值被获得。这 PTHDR 能被用于边察觉。第二, PTHDR 价值被全部的水平衍生物划分并且由最大的价值使正常化。最后,我们使用了数字模型的不同类型验证新边识别技术的有效性和可靠性。
文摘We have collected the data of variometers in period from 1972 through 1984 at Changli and Baijiatuan stations. The results calculated from 19 groups of data show: 1) There are no significant anomalies of A, B at Baijiatuan and that of B at Changli, but there are evident anomalous changes for A u, A v at Changli station. This result basically agrees to the a, b calculated using the method of measuring magnetograms, which demonstrates that the anomalies limited in the aftershock area and its neighbouring regions. 2) There are some changes of the inter station transfer functions of C u, C v, F u, F v before Tangshan earthquake, and the changes of the image parts C v, F v are more obvious, which is in agreement with the research results for Hualian earthquake. However, according to the results of Carlisle M =5.0 earthquake by Beamish(1982), the real parts F u, C u change more significantly.
文摘智能反射面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)有着操纵性强、能耗低、方便部署等优势,已成为6G(第六代移动通信)的关键技术。研究了关于智能反射面的信道估计算法,对于传统算法在传播时路径会因角度原因发生偏移的情况,采用了Tucker分解的稀疏角度域高阶奇异值分解(High Order Singular Value Decomposition,HOSVD)信道估计算法来解决路径偏移的问题。为了验证所提出算法的鲁棒性,对比了传统的交替最小二乘法信道估计算法,可以得到不管是在用户数量、传播的路径偏移上都能取得比传统的信道估计算法更好的归一化最小均方误差(Normalized Mean Squared Error,NMSE)效果。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10675045, the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China under Grant No 200317, the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 07A0128, and the Construct Programme of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province.
文摘The intermediate asymptotic quasinormal mode spectrum of the charged scalar and Dirac fields in the near extremal Kerr-Newman black hole is studied analytically, It is found that the quasinormal mode spectrum can be expressed in terms of the Hawking temperature Thb, the electric potential Ф+ and the horizon's angular velocity ΩH for the case of (eФ_ + mΩH) 〉 (1 - 4πThb)Re(ω) (where e is the charge and m is the azimuthal projection number), whereas it is only relevant to the charge and the mass parameter for another case. It is also shown that by using the Bohr's correspondence principle, the fundamental change in the black-hole surface area induced by the emission of a rotating charged quantum from the Kerr-Newman black hole is in accord with the Bekenstein-Mukhanov general prediction.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2011AA050401)the National Science Fundfor Distinguished Young Scholars,China(Grant No.51225701)
文摘We present the design consideration and fabrication of 4H-SiC trenched-and-implanted vertical junction field-effect transistors (TI-VJFETs). Different design factors, including channel width, channel doping, and mesa height, are con- sidered and evaluated by numerical simulations. Based on the simulation result, normally-on and normally-off devices are fabricated. The fabricated device has a 12 μm thick drift layer with 8 × 10^15 cm^-3 N-type doping and 2.6 μm channel length. The normally-on device shows a 1.2 kV blocking capability with a minimum on-state resistance of 2.33 mΩ.cm2, while the normally-off device shows an on-state resistance of 3.85 mΩ.cm2. Both the on-state and the blocking performances of the device are close to the state-of-the-art values in this voltage range.
基金supported by the NNSF of China Grant 11271252the RFDP of Higher Education of China grant 20110073110054the FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IRSES-316338 of Europe
文摘In this paper we first summarize our results published in recent years and their sketch proofs on local integrability,which are on the characterization of local integrability and on the existence of analytic normalization of analytically integrable differential systems. Then we present a new result on the equivalent characterization of the existence of the first integrals of an analytic differential systems near a nonhyperbolic singularity. Finally we pose some open problems on this subject.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10374007).
文摘We have considered two distant mesoscopic superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) rings A and B in the presence of two-mode nonclassical state fields and investigated the correlation of the supercurrents in the two rings using the normalized correlation function CAB. We show that when the parameter c~ is very small for the separable state with the density matrix ρ = {│α,-α) (α,-α│ + │-α, α) (-α, α│}/2 and entangled coherent state {(ECS) [u) = N1(│α, -α) + │-α, α)} fields, the dynamic behaviours of the normalized correlation function CAB are similar, but it is quite different for the entangled coherent state │u') = N2(│α,-α) - │-α, α)} field. When the parameter α is very large, the dynamic behaviours of CAB are almost the same for the separable state, entangled coherent state │u) and [u'〉 fields. For the two-mode squeezed vacuum state field the maximum of CAB increases monotonically with the squeezing parameter γ, and as γ→ ∞ , CAB→ 1. This means that the supercurrents in the two rings A and B are quantum mechanically correlated perfectly. It is concluded that not all the quantum correlations in the two-mode nonclassical state field can be transferred to the supercurrents; and the transfer depends on the state of the two-mode nonclassical state field prepared.
文摘Einstein guessed that the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built by thousands of photons, however, no one has offered a theory about how the macroscopic electromagnetic wave is built from photons. A concrete theory about photons is needed to answer this question. Current theory for photons is Maxwell’s equation which has the solution of waves, but it is difficult to describe the photon as a particle. There is the paradox problem of wave-particle duality. This article offers one solution to solve this problem by introducing the normalized mutual energy flow. The interaction of the retarded wave and advanced wave produce the mutual energy flow. The mutual energy flow satisfies the mutual energy flow theorem. The mutual energy flow theorem tells us that the energy that goes through each surface between the emitter and the absorber is all same. That means the mutual energy flow is different in comparison to the waves. The wave, for example, the retarded wave, its amplitude is decreased with the distance from the source to the point of the field. The mutual energy flow does not decrease. The author noticed this and claimed that the photon is the mutual energy flow. In this article the author updated this claim that the photon is the normalized mutual energy flow. Here the normalization of mutual energy flow will normalize the mutual energy flow to the energy of a photon, which is E = hf. E is the energy of the photon;h is Planck constant;f is the frequency of the light. This normalization is similar to the normalization in quantum mechanics. After this normalization the relation between an electromagnetic wave and photon as a particle becomes clear. This article will prove that the macroscopic wave of an electromagnetic field can be built by thousands of normalized mutual energy flows, which describes the photons. The mutual energy flow is an interaction of the retarded wave and the advanced wave. The retarded wave and the advanced wave satisfy the Maxwell equations. There are two additional waves which are the time-reversal waves which satisfy time-reversal Maxwell equations. The advanced wave and the two time-reversal waves are all real and physical electromagnetic fields. The time-reversal waves cancel all self-energy flows of the retarded wave and advanced wave. Hence, the waves do not carry any energy, the energy is only transferred by the normalized mutual energy flows which are the photons. Hence, all energy is transferred by the photon instead of waves. This offers a solution to paradox of the duality of wave-particle.
基金Project supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Department of Science & Technology of Fujian Province of China (GrantNo 2007F5040)
文摘This paper analyzes the characteristic of matching efficiency between the fundamental mode of two kinds of optical waveguides and its Gaussian approximate field.Then, it presents a new method where the mode-field half-width of Caussian approximation for the fundamental mode should be defined according to the maximal matching efficiency method. The relationship between the mode-field half-width of the Gaussian approximate field obtained from the maximal matching efficiency and normalized frequency is studied; furthermore, two formulas of mode-field half-widths as a function of normalized frequency are proposed.