Evolution of Climate Policy in the UK before and after Brexit from the Perspective of Normative Power Theory and Its Enlightenment to China

As the host country of the 26 th United Nations Climate Conference,the United Kingdom(UK)fully carried out climate diplomacy at the conference,and intended to promote the green concept in the international community through diplomatic means,which shows its greater ambition in international climate governance.However,the UK,as the source of the Industrial Revolution,has not always followed the so-called green norms in history.In the interaction with the EU norms after joining the European Community,the UK gradually developed from an"opponent"of green norms to an"advocate"of green norms.After"Brexit",the British government did not stop at the previous green norms of the EU,and further gave the green norms a special brand of the UK on this basis.At present,during the term of Boris Johnson's government,the green norms shaped by the UK have been basically formed and disseminated within a certain mechanism.In this paper,based on the normative power theory and relevant historical facts,how the UK has shaped international norms and obtained normative power through a series of climate policy will be discussed,and some enlightenment to China's participation in the construction of international norms system today will be obtained.

基于最弱t-norm算法模糊贝叶斯网络土石坝渗漏风险分析

针对土石坝工程渗漏影响要素多,风险评估体系不完善的问题,提出一种基于最弱t-norm算法模糊贝叶斯网络的土石坝渗漏风险分析模型。首先基于土石坝渗漏破坏成因构建土石坝渗漏风险分析网络,再基于层次分析法和最弱t-norm聚合算法求解不同专家判断的相似性结果,最后将相似性结果转化为概率后代入贝叶斯理论计算水库渗漏破坏风险。以2005年英德尔水库渗漏破坏事件为例,计算得到该库渗漏破坏概率为0.08,属于不可接受风险,并通过反向诊断验证了该模型的可靠性与灵敏性优于传统算法。研究结果可为土石坝渗流风险分析与处置决策提供参考。

REFINEMENTS OF THE NORM OF TWO ORTHOGONAL PROJECTIONS

In this paper,some refinements of norm equalities and inequalities of combination of two orthogonal projections are established.We use certain norm inequalities for positive contraction operator to establish norm inequalities for combination of orthogonal projections on a Hilbert space.Furthermore,we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the norm of the above combination of o`rthogonal projections attains its optimal value.

Normative Analysis and Strategy Research on Harmonized Development of Modern Industrialization, Urbanization, Agricultural Modernization and IT Application

Targeting modernization, we should keep to the Chinese-style path of car- rying out industrialization in a new way and advancing IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. In the research, the scientific concepts of IT applica- tion, urbanization, agricultural modernization and industrialization were illustrated and the interrelations were analyzed, with measures on harmonized development pro- posed based on existing problems.

Electrocochleographic recording in Asian adults: Preliminary normative data and demographic analyses

Objective: Electrocochleography(ECochG) is valuable to diagnose Meniere's disease objectively. The aim of the present study was to provide preliminary normative data for ECochG among Asian adults. The influences of ethnicity(Malay versus Chinese) and gender on ECoch G results were also studied.Methods: Twenty-two Malay adults(10 men and 12 women) and twenty Chinese participants(10 men and 10 women) aged between 20 and 49 years participated in this study. Extratympanic ECoch G(ET-ECochG) was recorded according to standard non-invasive procedure. Summating potential(SP) amplitude, action potential(AP) amplitude and SP/AP ratio were analyzed accordingly.Results: ET-ECoch G results were found to be comparable between left and right ears(p > 0.05). No notable differences in ET-ECochG results were found between Malay and Chinese groups(p > 0.05). No significant influence of gender on ET-ECochG outcomes was also noted(p > 0.05). The derived normative data for Asian adults(84 ears) are consistent with previous reports.Conclusion: The present study provides preliminary normative data for ET-ECochG among Asian adults. The ECoch G components do not appear to be influenced by either ethnicity or gender. The derived normative data can be used for clinical applications and as the reference for future studies involving Asian population.

Normative reference of standing long jump indicates gender difference in lower muscular strength of pubertal growth

Background: Although the standing long jump (SLJ) is a popular physical fitness assessment, it lacks an updated criterion-reference standard. This study generated the first normative SLJ test data for Chinese aged 8 - 18. Methods: From September 2005 to December 2011, comprehensive physical fitness assessments were conducted on 12,712 school students. The SLJ performances were significantly different between boys and girls (all age groups, p < 0.01). Results: The boys performed better than the girls in each age group. The mean difference increased as the age increased, depicting a prominent variance in muscular strength between boys and girls at age 12, and the variances became larger at age 18. Girls in the 70th percenttile performed similarly to boys performing in the 10th percentile. The onset of muscle strength for boys found in this study corresponded to the onset age of testosterone maturation of Chinese boys investigated in previous studies. Linear regression found age and BMI predicting SLJ significantly for boys and girls, explaining better SLJ results in older boy and the effect of their heavy body size. Conclusions: This study indicated a muscular strength difference between genders during growth and added supporting evidence to the hormonal influence of muscle growth during puberty.

The Trail Making Test in Morocco: Normative Data Stratified by Age and Level of Education

The purpose of this study is to design a Moroccan Trail Making Test B;explore the effects of age, education and gender on the performance of the Trail Making Test (TMT);and provide normative information in Moroccan subjects. Our normalization study was conducted on 348 subjects (156 female and 192 male). The subjects were classified into four groups based on age (18 - 39 years, 40 - 59 years, 60 - 69 years and ≥70 years), and three groups based on educational level (3 - 6 years, 7 - 10 years and ≥11 years). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics through SPSS. The results displayed that increasing age and decreasing levels of education significantly result in a decreased performance on the Trail A, Moroccan Trail B and English Trail B. Only 229 bilingual subjects among the 348 initial subjects completed both versions of Trail B. There was no significant difference on performance between Moroccan Trail B and English Trail B for these subjects.

Four Chamber Normative Data for Computed Tomography Angiography in the Axial Plane

Background: Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) is a new and promising type of imaging to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Although it does require injection of contrast material and some radiation exposure, it is much less invasive than conventional catheter based on angiography. It has been already shown to correlate well with echocardiography images, but normative values have yet to be established. Objectives: To publish the first known data on CTA measurements for all four chambers of the heart. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review study of around 3000 patients over a three-year period (2006-2008) from a private cardiology practice in Phoenix, Arizona. Patients were screened for any preexisting conditions that might contribute to abnormal cardiac structures. A “normal” population of 226 patients’ CTA’s was reviewed and 29 different measurements were taken cardiac anatomy. Patients were then categorized based on sex and BMI and the cardiac measurements were compared. Results: The values obtained were similar to already established normal measurement values from echocardiography. There was good correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the sexes. Conclusion: This study serves to establish normative data for cardiac CTA while also proves to show good correlation with already established normative values for echocardiography and justifies these CTA measurements as an alternative means of cardiac evaluation. Further study regarding the variations between data for specific measurements will be addressed in future studies.

Population Normative Data of the Moroccan Arabic Version of Three Components of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group Cognitive Test Battery;with Moroccan Illiterate and Semi-Illiterate Subjects

The aim of this study was to provide normative data of the Moroccan Arabic version of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group cognitive test battery and to explore the effects of age, education/illiteracy, and gender on the performance of these tests. One hundred healthy subjects (67 illiterates and 33 semi-illiterates) participated in this study. None of the participants had serious medical, psychiatric, or neurological disorders including dementia. The protocol included the administration of three components of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group cognitive test battery;Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI “D”, generating the COGSCORE measure of global function), and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) verbal fluency (VF), word list memory (WLM, immediate recall) tests. All the test scores were not significantly influenced by sex and age. There was no significant effect of education/illiteracy on the CERAD verbal fluency (VF) and Word List Memory (immediate recall) test scores, but a weakly significant (p < 0.05) effect on the CSI “D” COGSCORE performance. These normative data will be useful for clinical interpretations of the three components of the 10/66 Dementia Research Program protocol in illiterate and semi-illiterate Moroccan subjects with cognitive disorders.

Establishing Normative Values for the Barnett Balance Assessment-Sit (BBA-SIT)

The purpose of this descriptive study was to collect quantitative, normative data for the Barnett Balance Assessment-Sitting (BBA-SIT), a newly-developed dynamic sitting balance assessment tool based on the Barnett Balance Assessment (BBA). The BBA-SIT was administered to a total of 180 participants (30 people in each of the following age categories: 18 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, 60 - 69, and 70+) who did not have any current balance deficits. A review of normative data collected indicated no variation in the total assessment scores within and between groups. Future research on the BBA-SIT is needed with balance-impaired populations to determine if the BBA-SIT is sensitive enough to identify subtle differences in dynamic sitting balance in individuals with various levels of balance impairment.

UBOM-4, a New Scale for Psychic Function and Energy: General Population Normative Values and Influencing Parameters

Objective: We introduce Utena’s Brief Objective Measures of 4 Axes for Psychic Function and Energy (UBOM-4), a new brief test battery for evaluating psychic function concerning intellect, emotion, volition, and imagination. To date, insufficient general population data on the UBOM have been collected. This study aimed to establish the normative values for the general population in UBOM-4 and examine the effects of age, sex, and mental health status on the values. Methods: The General Health Questionnaire, 12-item version (GHQ-12) and UBOM-4 were administered to 149 individuals working in or attending professional schools or universities (73 males, 76 females;age: 19 - 65 years). Participants were classified as healthy based on their GHQ-12 responses and psychiatrist interviews. Results: UBOM-4 measures (mean ± SD) were: pulse rate difference (PRD or UBOM-pulse), &minus;0.72 ± 4.31 beats/min;ruler catching time (RCT or UBOM-ruler), 18.42 ± 3.73 cm;degree of randomness (DOR or UBOM-random), 0.94 ± 0.18;mean randomizing time (MRT or UBOM-time), 0.60 ± 0.31 sec. The Baum Test drawings were classified as usual (86%) and unusual patterns (14%). Sex effects were observed for RCT (UBOM-ruler) and DOR (UBOM-random), but not for PRD (UBOM-pulse) and MRT (UBOM-time). Therefore, the normative values for RCT (UBOM-ruler) (males: 17.37 ± 3.25 cm;females: 19.42 ± 3.90 cm) and DOR (UBOM-random) (males: 0.92 ± 0.18;females: 0.95 ± 0.18) should be differentiated by sex. The patterns of the Baum Test drawings were affected by age, with individuals over 51 years showing the unusual pattern more frequently (42%). Discussion: Compared to previous results for healthy individuals, the present results were similar for RCT (UBOM-ruler), DOR (UBOM-random), MRT (UBOM-time), and the drawing pattern, but different for PRD (UBOM-pulse). This difference is probably because PRD is sensitive to test situation habituation, sex of examiner, order of subtests, etc. Thus, PRD (UBOM-pulse) should be measured after the subject-examiner relationship stabilizes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that UBOM-4 can be widely used in clinical settings, utilizing the present results as a reference.

The Normative Value of Truth and the Problem of Lie

The article concerns the normative value of truth in relation to lie. Based on arguments derived primarily from ancient philosophers （Eubulides, Plato, Aristotle）, medieval philosophers （St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas）, the thinker of the Renaissance---Machiavelli, the main philosopher of the Enlightenment--Kant, the 19th-century author of Beyond Good and Evil （Nietzsche）, and contemporary thinkers such as Derrida and Lacan, the author considers here truth as a normative value. Lying is relative to the truth, and it has no ontological legitimacy, even it cannot exist without truth itself. In the final part of the article, the author concludes that the truth, however, cannot lead to clearly had effects, be harmful or cause pain disproportionate to the effects caused by lie. Therefore, it must coexist with the good--the other parent value. Only when both values complement each other can we talk about the normative value of truth. The truth should be correlated with other values on which value systems are based, especially the good of a person or group of persons, avoiding harm towards others, and the protection of a person＇s health and life. Only then can the truth be appropriate to use. It is not an immovable foundation, but a dynamically functioning value, in which language and the ethical （active） dimensions provide the value of the specified situations. The truth can be a double-edged sword： It may hurt, but it can defend itself. The latter function seems to be the most important type of the normativity of truth.

Economic Sanctions:A Political,Economic,and Normative Analysis

The use of economic sanctions as a foreign policy tool dates back to the Megarian decree of 432 BC,but has long been controversial.Economic sanctions are commonly employed by governments as a coercive tool to adjust the behavior of a state actor that is in violation of international behavior norms,yet there remains concern as to the effectiveness of applying economic sanctions and the extent to which sanctions should be applied.Further questions arise regarding both the viability and morality of sanctions.This paper will examine case studies to determine the moral,economic,and political impact of imposing sanctions on state actors.In doing so,this paper will specifically examine the economic sanctions applied to South Africa,Iran,and Crimea.It will examine the application of sanctions and the effectiveness in achieving established foreign policy goals,while also analyzing the impact on innocents to determine the ethical implications of sanctions.

Research on the Educational Evaluation Standard Value based on the Normative Perspective

This paper conducts analysis on the educational evaluation standard value based on the normative perspective. Systematic evaluation refers to the determination of the nature and state of a system by means of an effective standard, based on the clear system objective, structure, and system properties, and then compares it with a set of evaluation criteria and makes a judgment. The evaluation result is also the interaction of the product. The education evaluation which is constructed with the dialogue thinking is democratic, friendly, open, win-win, and the evaluation of creation. Educational evaluation is not a party to the other party as superior, judgment, conclusion, one-way row order, but both sides of the equality. Under this basis, this paper proposes the educational evaluation standard value based on the normative perspective. In the future, we will apply proposed method into the general applications to verify the effectiveness and systematic effectiveness.

ISOMETRY AND PHASE-ISOMETRY OF NON-ARCHIMEDEAN NORMED SPACES

In this paper,we study isometries and phase-isometries of non-Archimedean normed spaces.We show that every isometry f:Sr(X)→Sr(X),where X is a finite-dimensional non-Archimedean normed space and Sr(X)is a sphere with radius r∈||X||,is surjective if and only if is spherically complete and k is finite.Moreover,we prove that if X and Y are non-Archimedean normed spaces over non-trivially non-Archimedean valued fields with|2|=1,any phase-isometry f:X→Y is phase equivalent to an isometric operator.

Regularised Layerwise Weight Norm Based Skin Lesion Features Extraction and Classification

Melanoma is the most lethal malignant tumour,and its prevalence is increasing.Early detection and diagnosis of skin cancer can alert patients to manage precautions and dramatically improve the lives of people.Recently,deep learning has grown increasingly popular in the extraction and categorization of skin cancer features for effective prediction.A deep learning model learns and co-adapts representations and features from training data to the point where it fails to perform well on test data.As a result,overfitting and poor performance occur.To deal with this issue,we proposed a novel Consecutive Layerwise weight Con-straint MaxNorm model(CLCM-net)for constraining the norm of the weight vector that is scaled each time and bounding to a limit.This method uses deep convolutional neural networks and also custom layer-wise weight constraints that are set to the whole weight matrix directly to learn features efficiently.In this research,a detailed analysis of these weight norms is performed on two distinct datasets,International Skin Imaging Collaboration(ISIC)of 2018 and 2019,which are challenging for convolutional networks to handle.According to thefindings of this work,CLCM-net did a better job of raising the model’s performance by learning the features efficiently within the size limit of weights with appropriate weight constraint settings.The results proved that the proposed techniques achieved 94.42%accuracy on ISIC 2018,91.73%accuracy on ISIC 2019 datasets and 93%of accuracy on combined dataset.

Norms of Dual Complex Vectors and Dual Complex Matrices

In this paper,we investigate some properties of dual complex numbers,dual complex vectors,and dual complex matrices.First,based on the magnitude of the dual complex number,we study the Young inequality,the Hölder inequality,and the Minkowski inequality in the setting of dual complex numbers.Second,we define the p-norm of a dual complex vector,which is a nonnegative dual number,and show some related properties.Third,we study the properties of eigenvalues of unitary matrices and unitary triangulation of arbitrary dual complex matrices.In particular,we introduce the operator norm of dual complex matrices induced by the p-norm of dual complex vectors,and give expressions of three important operator norms of dual complex matrices.

Integrating the valence theory and the norm activation theory to understand consumers’ e-waste recycling intention

Electrical and electronic waste(e-waste)is a growing challenge,matching the widespread boom in the use of information and communication technology.Opposite to an alarming increasing amount of e-waste,a low rate of consumer engagement in ensuring the proper disposal of such materials intensifies the pressure on the exist‐ing e-waste crisis.To deal with this thorny problem,it is of great interest to grasp consumers’disposal and re‐cycling behavioral intentions.Therefore,this study attempts to understand complementary perspectives around consumers’e-waste recycling intention based on the integration of the valence theory and the norm activation theory.Four data mining models using classification and prediction-based algorithms,namely Chi squared automatic interaction detector(CHAID),Neural network,Discriminant analysis,and Quick,unbiased,efficient statistical tree(QUEST),were employed to analyze a set of the 398 data collected in Vietnam.The re‐sults revealed that the social support value is by far the most critical predictor,followed by the utilitarian value,task difficulty,and monetary risk.It is also noteworthy that the awareness of consequences,education background,the ascription of responsibility,and age were also ranked as critical affecting factors.The lowest influential predictors found in this study were income and gender.In addition,a comparison was made in terms of the classification performance of the four utilized data mining techniques.Based on several evalua‐tion measurements(confusion matrix,accuracy,precision,recall,specificity,F-measure,ROC curve,and AUC),the aggregated results suggested that CHAID and Neural network performed the best.The findings of this research are expected to assist policymakers and future researchers in updating all information surround‐ing consumer behavioral intention-related topics focusing on e-waste.Furthermore,the adoption of data min‐ing algorithms for prediction is another insight of this study,which may shed the light on data mining applica‐tions in such environmental studies in the future.

The Normative Enlightenment of China's Human Rights Studies from the Space-Time Dimensions of the Chinese Dream

In order to gradually build a theoretical system of human rights with Chinese characteristics that conforms to the development of the times through rigorous academic research, researchers need to break through the basic think- ing tendency of ＂from idea to idea＂ step by step and finally establish the fundamental research orientation of ＂specifying human rights stud- ies.＂ Through comprehensive and systematic analysis and sorting out various basic concepts relating to human rights, researchers also need to finally establish a solid foundation and prerequisite for fruitful academic study.

中国式现代化视域下数字体育伦理的现实考量及规范方略

在中国式现代化道路的引领下,数字体育已成为推动体育高质量发展的重要引擎,正加快推进体育强国建设进程,数字体育伦理问题也随着其发展的深入而日益凸显。本文从探寻中国式现代化视域下数字体育伦理的本质内涵出发,科学揭示数字体育伦理的特征,系统考量当前数字体育伦理问题,进而有针对性地提出数字体育伦理的规范方略,为数字体育在强国建设、民族复兴伟业中实现高质量发展提供借鉴与参考。