Channel Estimation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Multiuser Millimeter-Wave/THz Systems

It is assumed that reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a key technology to enable the potential of mmWave communications.The passivity of the RIS makes channel estimation difficult because the channel can only be measured at the transceiver and not at the RIS.In this paper,we propose a novel separate channel estimator via exploiting the cascaded sparsity in the continuously valued angular domain of the cascaded channel for the RIS-enabled millimeter-wave/Tera-Hz systems,i.e.,the two-stage estimation method where the cascaded channel is separated into the base station(BS)-RIS and the RIS-user(UE)ones.Specifically,we first reveal the cascaded sparsity,i.e.,the sparsity exists in the hybrid angular domains of BS-RIS and the RIS-UEs separated channels,to construct the specific sparsity structure for RIS enabled multi-user systems.Then,we formulate the channel estimation problem using atomic norm minimization(ANM)to enhance the proposed sparsity structure in the continuous angular domains,where a low-complexity channel estimator via Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers(ADMM)is proposed.Simulation findings demonstrate that the proposed channel estimator outperforms the current state-of-the-arts in terms of performance.

The Barrier of the Child and Parent Expected Models for Entering the School System-A Secondary Publication

The recognition of the positive value of student diversity and their right to full participation are key aspects of inclusion as a means of managing heterogeneity of the school population from an equality perspective.As the school cannot welcome the diversity of children without including their families,the same logic needs to apply to the relationship between the school and parents,particularly in the current environment where the school-family partnership appears as a privileged institutional leverage in the fight against inequalities at school.Based on an ethnographical study exploring how the relationship between the school and the families builds up in a Swiss school located in a context of strong cultural diversity,this paper interrogates how the school norm can be the main limitation to the inclusion of students and parents who are unfamiliar with the school.Derived from field observations and interviews,our results show how the teachers tend to approach their relationship with new students and their parents from the standpoint of narrowly defined expected models,leading them to engage in a vain attempt to conform the students and parents when they deviate from these models.The possibility of entering the school system for students and parents unfamiliar with school is hindered by the exclusive and excluding normativity on which the models of the child and the parent expected by the teachers are grounded.Based on these observations,we discuss how an inclusive approach seems to us to require in the first place a necessary process of decentering from the school and teachers,as a condition for recognition of the actual child and parent.

The Asymptotic Stability for a Class of Nonlinear Large Sceale System

This paper an cited instances in illustration of the incorrectness of the criteria of asymptotic stability of a class of nonlinear large seale system that L_j·T·Grujie gave in paper [1] by the comparison theory and then corrected it,and has given the sufficient conditions of the asymptotic stability.

Normative Analysis and Strategy Research on Harmonized Development of Modern Industrialization, Urbanization, Agricultural Modernization and IT Application

Targeting modernization, we should keep to the Chinese-style path of car- rying out industrialization in a new way and advancing IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. In the research, the scientific concepts of IT applica- tion, urbanization, agricultural modernization and industrialization were illustrated and the interrelations were analyzed, with measures on harmonized development pro- posed based on existing problems.

Quadratic Stabilization of Switched Uncertain Linear Systems: A Convex Combination Approach

We consider quadratic stabilization for a class of switched systems which are composed of a finite set of continuoustime linear subsystems with norm bounded uncertainties. Under the assumption that there is no single quadratically stable subsystem, if a convex combination of subsystems is quadratically stable, then we propose a state-dependent switching law, based on the convex combination of subsystems, such that the entire switched linear system is quadratically stable. When the state information is not available, we extend the discussion to designing an outputdependent switching law by constructing a robust Luenberger observer for each subsystem.

Normative reference of standing long jump indicates gender difference in lower muscular strength of pubertal growth

Background: Although the standing long jump (SLJ) is a popular physical fitness assessment, it lacks an updated criterion-reference standard. This study generated the first normative SLJ test data for Chinese aged 8 - 18. Methods: From September 2005 to December 2011, comprehensive physical fitness assessments were conducted on 12,712 school students. The SLJ performances were significantly different between boys and girls (all age groups, p < 0.01). Results: The boys performed better than the girls in each age group. The mean difference increased as the age increased, depicting a prominent variance in muscular strength between boys and girls at age 12, and the variances became larger at age 18. Girls in the 70th percenttile performed similarly to boys performing in the 10th percentile. The onset of muscle strength for boys found in this study corresponded to the onset age of testosterone maturation of Chinese boys investigated in previous studies. Linear regression found age and BMI predicting SLJ significantly for boys and girls, explaining better SLJ results in older boy and the effect of their heavy body size. Conclusions: This study indicated a muscular strength difference between genders during growth and added supporting evidence to the hormonal influence of muscle growth during puberty.

Reflexive solution to a system of matrix equations

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and an expression of the （anti）reflexive solution with respect to the nontrivial generalized reflection matrix P to the system of complex matrix equations AX = B and XC = D. The explicit solutions of the approximation problem min x∈Ф ｜｜X - E｜｜F was given, where E is a given complex matrix and Ф is the set of all reflexive （or antireflexive） solutions of the system mentioned above, and ｜｜·｜｜ is the Frobenius norm. Furthermore, it was pointed that some results in a recent paper are special cases of this paper.

Electrocochleographic recording in Asian adults: Preliminary normative data and demographic analyses

Objective: Electrocochleography(ECochG) is valuable to diagnose Meniere's disease objectively. The aim of the present study was to provide preliminary normative data for ECochG among Asian adults. The influences of ethnicity(Malay versus Chinese) and gender on ECoch G results were also studied.Methods: Twenty-two Malay adults(10 men and 12 women) and twenty Chinese participants(10 men and 10 women) aged between 20 and 49 years participated in this study. Extratympanic ECoch G(ET-ECochG) was recorded according to standard non-invasive procedure. Summating potential(SP) amplitude, action potential(AP) amplitude and SP/AP ratio were analyzed accordingly.Results: ET-ECoch G results were found to be comparable between left and right ears(p > 0.05). No notable differences in ET-ECochG results were found between Malay and Chinese groups(p > 0.05). No significant influence of gender on ET-ECochG outcomes was also noted(p > 0.05). The derived normative data for Asian adults(84 ears) are consistent with previous reports.Conclusion: The present study provides preliminary normative data for ET-ECochG among Asian adults. The ECoch G components do not appear to be influenced by either ethnicity or gender. The derived normative data can be used for clinical applications and as the reference for future studies involving Asian population.

LYAPUNOV-TYPE STABILIZATION FOR NONLINEAR UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS AND NONLINEAR H~∞ CONTROL

The local robust stabilization for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems is studied. The robustness concept of Lyapunov type stabilizability for nonlinear uncertain systems is defined. Under the norm bounded structured condition, two cases for uncertainty in control matrix are taken to discuss Lyapunov type stabilizability of systems. The sufficient conditions of Lyapunov type stabilization are given from differential geometry and nonlinear H ∞ control of view, respectively.

The Trail Making Test in Morocco: Normative Data Stratified by Age and Level of Education

The purpose of this study is to design a Moroccan Trail Making Test B;explore the effects of age, education and gender on the performance of the Trail Making Test (TMT);and provide normative information in Moroccan subjects. Our normalization study was conducted on 348 subjects (156 female and 192 male). The subjects were classified into four groups based on age (18 - 39 years, 40 - 59 years, 60 - 69 years and ≥70 years), and three groups based on educational level (3 - 6 years, 7 - 10 years and ≥11 years). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics through SPSS. The results displayed that increasing age and decreasing levels of education significantly result in a decreased performance on the Trail A, Moroccan Trail B and English Trail B. Only 229 bilingual subjects among the 348 initial subjects completed both versions of Trail B. There was no significant difference on performance between Moroccan Trail B and English Trail B for these subjects.

Research and Design of Coordinated Control Strategy for Smart Electromechanical Actuator System

In order to improve the frequency response and anti-interference characteristics of the smart electromechanical actuator(EMA)system,and aiming at the force fighting problem when multiple actuators work synchronously,a multi input multi output(MIMO)position difference cross coupling control coordinated strategy based on double‑closed-loop load feedforward control is proposed and designed.In this strategy,the singular value method of return difference matrix is used to design the parameter range that meets the requirements of system stability margin,and the sensitivity function and the H_(∞)norm theory are used to design and determine the optimal solution in the obtained parameter stability region,so that the multi actuator system has excellent synchronization,stability and anti-interference.At the same time,the mathematical model of the integrated smart EMA system is established.According to the requirements of point-to-point control,the controller of double-loop control and load feedforward compensation is determined and designed to improve the frequency response and anti-interference ability of single actuator.Finally,the 270 V high-voltage smart EMA system experimental platform is built,and the frequency response,load feedforward compensation and coordinated control experiments are carried out to verify the correctness of the position difference cross coupling control strategy and the rationality of the parameter design,so that the system can reach the servo control indexes of bandwidth 6 Hz,the maximum output force 20000 N and the synchronization error≤0.1 mm,which effectively solves the problem of force fighting.

Exploiting Virtual Elasticity of Manufacturing Systems to Respect OTD—Part 2: Post-Optimality Conditions for the Cases of Ergodic and Non-Ergodic Order Rate with Deterministic Product-Mix

Respecting the on-time delivery (OTD) for manufacturing orders is mandatory. However, for non-JIT Batch & Queue Push-manufacturing systems, the compliance of OTD is not intrinsically guaranteed. As an OTD related manufacturing theory is largely missing it is crucial to understand and formalize the necessary conditions of OTD compliance for complex production environments for maximum exploitation of the production capacity. This paper evaluates the conditions of post-optimality while being OTD compliant for production systems, which are characterized by stochastic order rate and a deterministic product-mix. Instead of applying discrete event simulation to explore the real case-by-case order scheduling optimization for OTD compliance, a Cartesian approach is followed. This enables to define theoretically the solution space of order backlog for OTD, which contributes to developing further manufacturing theory. At the base stands the recently defined new concept of virtual manufacturing elasticity by reducing lead-time to increase virtually production capacity. The result has led to defining additional two corollaries to the OTD theorem, which sets up basic OTD theory. Apart from defining the post-optimal requirements to guarantee for orders at least a weak solution for OTD compliance, this paper reveals that for a deterministic product-mix a non-ergodic order arrival rate can be rescheduled into an ergodic order input rate to the shopfloor if the virtual elasticity T is large enough, hence the importance of having fast and flexible production lines.

H_∞ Optimal Model Reduction for Singular Fast Subsystems

In this paper, H∞ optimal model reduction for singular fast subsystems will be inves-tigated. First, error system is established to measure the error magnitude between the original andreduced systems, and it is demonstrated that the new feature for model reduction of singular systemsis to make H∞ norm of the error system finite and minimal. The necessary and su?cient conditionis derived for the existence of the H∞ suboptimal model reduction problem. Next, we give an exactand practicable algorithm to get the parameters of the reduced subsystems by applying the matrixtheory. Meanwhile, the reduced system may be also impulsive. The advantages of the proposedalgorithm are that it is more ?exible in a straight-forward way without much extra computation, andthe order of the reduced systems is as minimal as possible. Finally, one illustrative example is givento illustrate the e?ectiveness of the proposed model reduction approach.

A GLOBAL EXISTENCE RESULT FOR KORTEWEG SYSTEM IN THE CRITICAL L^P FRAMEWORK

The purpose of this work is to investigate the initial value problem for a general isothermal model of capillary fluids derived by Dunn and Serrin [12], which can be used as a phase transition model. Motivated by [9], we aim at extending the work by DanchinDesjardins [11] to a critical framework which is not related to the energy space. For small perturbations of a stable equilibrium state in the sense of suitable L^p-type Besov norms,we establish the global existence. As a consequence, like for incompressible flows, one may exhibit a class of large highly oscillating initial velocity fields for which global existence and uniqueness holds true.

Robustness of iterative learning control for a class offractional-order linear continuous-time switched systems in the sense of L^p norm

For a class of fractional-order linear continuous-time switched systems specified by an arbitrary switching sequence,the performance of PDα-type fractional-order iterative learning control(FOILC)is discussed in the sense of L^p norm.When the systems are disturbed by bounded external noises,robustness of the PDα-type algorithm is firstly analyzed in the iteration domain by taking advantage of the generalized Young inequality of convolution integral.Then,convergence of the algorithm is discussed for the systems without any external noise.The results demonstrate that,under some given conditions,both convergence and robustness can be guaranteed during the entire time interval.Simulations support the correctness of the theory.

Dissociation and disasters: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Dissociation,which is defined as the failure to associate consciousness,memory,identity,emotion,perception,body representation,motor control,and behavior into an integrated whole,has long been assumed to be generated by trauma.If dissociation is a product of trauma exposure,then dissociation would be a major mental health outcome observed in studies of disaster survivors.Although some studies have examined dissociation in disasters,no systematic literature reviews have been conducted to date on the topic.AIM To systematically evaluate the literature on the association between disaster and dissociation to determine the prevalence and incidence of dissociation after exposure to disaster and further examine their relationship.METHODS EMBASE,Medline,and PsychINFO were searched from inception to January 1,2019 to identify studies examining dissociative disorders or symptoms related to a disaster in adult or child disaster survivors and disaster responders.Studies of military conflicts and war,articles not in English,and those with samples of 30 or more participants were excluded.Search terms used were“disaster*”and dissociation(“dissociat*,”“multiple personality,”“fugue,”“psychogenic amnesia,”“derealization,”and“depersonalization”).Reference lists of identified articles were scrutinized to identify studies for additional articles.RESULTS The final number of articles in the review was 53,including 36 articles with samples of adults aged 18 and above,5 of children/adolescents under age 18,and 12 of disaster workers.Included articles studied several types of disasters that occurred between 1989 and 2017,more than one-third(38%)from the United States.Only two studies had a primary aim to investigate dissociation in relation to disaster and none reported data on dissociative disorders.All of the studies used self-report symptom scales;none used structured interviews providing full diagnostic assessment of dissociative disorders or other psychopathology.Several studies mixed exposed and unexposed samples or did not differentiate outcomes between exposure groups.Studies examining associations between dissociation and disaster exposure have been inconclusive.The majority(75%)of the studies compared dissociation with posttraumatic stress,with inconsistent findings.Dissociation was found to be associated with a wide range of other psychiatric disorders,symptoms,and negative emotional,cognitive,and functional states.CONCLUSION The studies reviewed had serious methodological limitations including problems with measurement of psychopathology,sampling,and generation of unwarranted conclusions,precluding conclusions that dissociation is an established outcome of disaster.

Application and comparison of kernel functions for linear parameter varying model approximation of nonlinear systems

In this paper,a comparative study for kernel-PCA based linear parameter varying(LPV)model approximation of sufficiently nonlinear and reasonably practical systems is carried out.Linear matrix inequalities(LMIs)to be solved in LPV controller design process increase exponentially with the increase in a number of scheduling variables.Fifteen kernel functions are used to obtain the approximate LPV model of highly coupled nonlinear systems.An error to norm ratio of original and approximate LPV models is introduced as a measure of accuracy of the approximate LPV model.Simulation examples conclude the effectiveness of kernel-PCA for LPV model approximation as with the identification of accurate approximate LPV model,computation complexity involved in LPV controller design is decreased exponentially.

A new approach on designing l_1 optimal regulator with minimum order for SISO linear systems

For a SlSO linear discrete-time system with a specified input signal, a novel method to realize optimal l1 regulation control is presented. Utilizing the technique of converting a polynomial equation to its corresponding matrix equation, a linear programming problem to get an optimal l1 norm of the system output error map is developed which includes the first term and the last term of the map sequence in the objective function and the right vector of its constraint matrix equation, respectively. The adjustability for the width of the constraint matrix makes the trade-off between the order of the optimal regulator and the value of the minimum objective norm become possible, especially for achieving the optimal regulator with minimum order. By norm scaling rules for the constraint matrix equation, the optimal solution can be scaled directly or be obtained by solving a linear programming problem with l1 norm objective.

Hankel norm of polytopic systems with time-varying delay

This paper addresses the Hankel norm of polytopic systems with time-varying delay. Delay-dependent sufficient conditions are presented such that the polytopic system is stable and the Hankel norm of the polytopic system is less than a prescribed scalar in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is presented.

Population Normative Data of the Moroccan Arabic Version of Three Components of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group Cognitive Test Battery;with Moroccan Illiterate and Semi-Illiterate Subjects

The aim of this study was to provide normative data of the Moroccan Arabic version of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group cognitive test battery and to explore the effects of age, education/illiteracy, and gender on the performance of these tests. One hundred healthy subjects (67 illiterates and 33 semi-illiterates) participated in this study. None of the participants had serious medical, psychiatric, or neurological disorders including dementia. The protocol included the administration of three components of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group cognitive test battery;Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI “D”, generating the COGSCORE measure of global function), and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) verbal fluency (VF), word list memory (WLM, immediate recall) tests. All the test scores were not significantly influenced by sex and age. There was no significant effect of education/illiteracy on the CERAD verbal fluency (VF) and Word List Memory (immediate recall) test scores, but a weakly significant (p < 0.05) effect on the CSI “D” COGSCORE performance. These normative data will be useful for clinical interpretations of the three components of the 10/66 Dementia Research Program protocol in illiterate and semi-illiterate Moroccan subjects with cognitive disorders.