“Phu Sung”, a new fossil site in Sakon Nakhon Province was recently reported. Phu Sung fossils are very complete and in very well-preserved condition. They were found in reddish micaceous silty mudstone. The stratig...“Phu Sung”, a new fossil site in Sakon Nakhon Province was recently reported. Phu Sung fossils are very complete and in very well-preserved condition. They were found in reddish micaceous silty mudstone. The stratigraphy and sedimentology show that Phu Sung succession is a continental deposit in the fluvial system and it is in the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation of the Khorat Group. According to lithology, fossils were deposited in a quiet environment, such as overbank deposit, small pond or oxbow lake margin. Sedimentary structures such as desiccation crack and calcrete indicate semi-arid to arid paleoclimate condition which probably corresponds to the taphonomy or preservation of the fossils.展开更多
A new vertebrate fossil site, “Phu Sung” in Sakon Nakhon Province was discovered. Various vertebrate fossils belonging to fresh water shark, bony fish, turtle, crocodile and dinosaur were found in reddish silty muds...A new vertebrate fossil site, “Phu Sung” in Sakon Nakhon Province was discovered. Various vertebrate fossils belonging to fresh water shark, bony fish, turtle, crocodile and dinosaur were found in reddish silty mudstone of the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation of the Khorat Group. Crocodilian remains including a complete skull and partial articulated skeleton are very well preserved associated with turtle remains. Moreover, well preserved 19 turtle shells were found accumulated together. These discoveries will certainly fulfill our knowledge about these aquatic taxa from the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation. The exceptional preservation of Phu Sung fossils could probably relate to the paleoenvironment in the Early Cretaceous of Thailand.展开更多
Urban land density is an important factor to understand how cities expand.An“Inverse S-shape Rule”was implemented for the first time to analyze urban land density in Northeastern Thailand using the four cities Khon ...Urban land density is an important factor to understand how cities expand.An“Inverse S-shape Rule”was implemented for the first time to analyze urban land density in Northeastern Thailand using the four cities Khon Kaen,Udon Thani,Nakhon Phanom,and Nong Khai as study sites.Land density function was tested using different data classification techniques from previous studies.Each city was investigated over two different time periods between 2002 and 2015.Declining pattern characteristics of metropolitan area density outward from city centers can be quantified by fitting the parameters to urban land density functions.An inverse S-shape function was identified as the best data fit.The four selected cities showed conventional density variation for decline in urban land area from city centers to outlying areas.Overall trend indicated that cities became more compact over time since the density differences between the urban core and urban fringe were greater with increasing infilling growth within the urban boundary.All four cities increased in size over time;however,the increasing amount of built-up land in the surrounding rural areas did not follow the same trend in each case.Some functional parameters required careful interpretation because of the linear shape of the city as in the case of Nakhon Phanom.Using highly detailed urban data resulted in lower densities of urban areas compared to the conventional pixel-based classification,and this affected the overall shape of the inverse S-shape function.The fitted parameters and their changing trends indicated that the urban land density function was useful for understanding urban form and urban sprawl in Thailand.Results can be used to develop a specific framework for other cities with similar attributes in the future.展开更多
A sedimentary profile exposed in soil quarries a few kilometers north of Noen Sa-nga district,Chaiyaphum province,NE Thailand,reveals a Quaternary geological history.The lower part of the soil profile is a gravel depo...A sedimentary profile exposed in soil quarries a few kilometers north of Noen Sa-nga district,Chaiyaphum province,NE Thailand,reveals a Quaternary geological history.The lower part of the soil profile is a gravel deposit characterized by sub-angular to well-rounded pebbles representing an abandoned river sedimentary deposit.The gravel bed in some places is coated by iron oxide as a thin layer of ferricrete at the uppermost part.The upper part of the soil profile is a bright reddish brown structureless sand deposit with fining upward sedimentary structure at the basal portion,the Yasothon soil series.A piece of tektite was discovered at the contact boundary between the two sedimentary units.It is characterized by an irregular shape with a smooth concaved surface regarding as an external mold of a piece of well-rounded pebble.This piece of tektite indicates that a solidified tektite had fallen from high sky then was remelted into a plastic form prior to reach and partly cover a piece of well-rounded pebble.These evidences suggest that there was a meteoritic or cometary impact on our earth surface somewhere in the region then catapulted numbers of melted silica ejecta with vast volume of dust into the sky.The melted silica ejecta were solidified into splash-form tektites with various shapes while they were in the high sky.After that the tektites had fallen down and remelted into a plastic form prior to reach the ground surface and then solidified as a tektite deposit followed by larger-sized sediments and angular quartz fragments forming a fining upward sedimentary structure.The finer sediments were gradually settled down forming a bright reddish brown structureless sand deposit,the Yasothon soil series.This meteoritic impact event occurred at about 0.77 Ma ago as the evidence of the previous tektite radiometric dating.展开更多
文摘“Phu Sung”, a new fossil site in Sakon Nakhon Province was recently reported. Phu Sung fossils are very complete and in very well-preserved condition. They were found in reddish micaceous silty mudstone. The stratigraphy and sedimentology show that Phu Sung succession is a continental deposit in the fluvial system and it is in the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation of the Khorat Group. According to lithology, fossils were deposited in a quiet environment, such as overbank deposit, small pond or oxbow lake margin. Sedimentary structures such as desiccation crack and calcrete indicate semi-arid to arid paleoclimate condition which probably corresponds to the taphonomy or preservation of the fossils.
文摘A new vertebrate fossil site, “Phu Sung” in Sakon Nakhon Province was discovered. Various vertebrate fossils belonging to fresh water shark, bony fish, turtle, crocodile and dinosaur were found in reddish silty mudstone of the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation of the Khorat Group. Crocodilian remains including a complete skull and partial articulated skeleton are very well preserved associated with turtle remains. Moreover, well preserved 19 turtle shells were found accumulated together. These discoveries will certainly fulfill our knowledge about these aquatic taxa from the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation. The exceptional preservation of Phu Sung fossils could probably relate to the paleoenvironment in the Early Cretaceous of Thailand.
文摘Urban land density is an important factor to understand how cities expand.An“Inverse S-shape Rule”was implemented for the first time to analyze urban land density in Northeastern Thailand using the four cities Khon Kaen,Udon Thani,Nakhon Phanom,and Nong Khai as study sites.Land density function was tested using different data classification techniques from previous studies.Each city was investigated over two different time periods between 2002 and 2015.Declining pattern characteristics of metropolitan area density outward from city centers can be quantified by fitting the parameters to urban land density functions.An inverse S-shape function was identified as the best data fit.The four selected cities showed conventional density variation for decline in urban land area from city centers to outlying areas.Overall trend indicated that cities became more compact over time since the density differences between the urban core and urban fringe were greater with increasing infilling growth within the urban boundary.All four cities increased in size over time;however,the increasing amount of built-up land in the surrounding rural areas did not follow the same trend in each case.Some functional parameters required careful interpretation because of the linear shape of the city as in the case of Nakhon Phanom.Using highly detailed urban data resulted in lower densities of urban areas compared to the conventional pixel-based classification,and this affected the overall shape of the inverse S-shape function.The fitted parameters and their changing trends indicated that the urban land density function was useful for understanding urban form and urban sprawl in Thailand.Results can be used to develop a specific framework for other cities with similar attributes in the future.
基金the Northeastern Research Institute of Petrified Wood and Mineral Resources,Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University,for financial and logistical supports throughout the research project
文摘A sedimentary profile exposed in soil quarries a few kilometers north of Noen Sa-nga district,Chaiyaphum province,NE Thailand,reveals a Quaternary geological history.The lower part of the soil profile is a gravel deposit characterized by sub-angular to well-rounded pebbles representing an abandoned river sedimentary deposit.The gravel bed in some places is coated by iron oxide as a thin layer of ferricrete at the uppermost part.The upper part of the soil profile is a bright reddish brown structureless sand deposit with fining upward sedimentary structure at the basal portion,the Yasothon soil series.A piece of tektite was discovered at the contact boundary between the two sedimentary units.It is characterized by an irregular shape with a smooth concaved surface regarding as an external mold of a piece of well-rounded pebble.This piece of tektite indicates that a solidified tektite had fallen from high sky then was remelted into a plastic form prior to reach and partly cover a piece of well-rounded pebble.These evidences suggest that there was a meteoritic or cometary impact on our earth surface somewhere in the region then catapulted numbers of melted silica ejecta with vast volume of dust into the sky.The melted silica ejecta were solidified into splash-form tektites with various shapes while they were in the high sky.After that the tektites had fallen down and remelted into a plastic form prior to reach the ground surface and then solidified as a tektite deposit followed by larger-sized sediments and angular quartz fragments forming a fining upward sedimentary structure.The finer sediments were gradually settled down forming a bright reddish brown structureless sand deposit,the Yasothon soil series.This meteoritic impact event occurred at about 0.77 Ma ago as the evidence of the previous tektite radiometric dating.
