Chronology,Geochemistry and Tectonic Settings of the Hadamiao Granodiorite on the Northern Margin of the North China Platform

The Hadamiao granodiorite,located on the northern margin of the North China platform and acting as the country rock of gold deposits in the Hadamiao region,was formed in the same age and similar tectonic settings with the Hadamiao gold deposit and the large-scale Bilihe gold deposit in the same area.By using the LA-ICP-MS method,the U-Pb age obtained is 267±1.3 Ma,which represents the crystallized age of the granodiorite,and that of the xenolithic zircon is 442.8±5 Ma. Base on the main elements,it exhibits the features of calc-alkaline to high-potassium calc-alkaline series,low silicon,and quasi-aluminous I-type granites,and with high magnesium（Mg~#=0.45-0.57） and high sodium contents（Na_2O/K_2O=0.98-2.29）.The SREE values（81.6-110.15 ppm） are relatively low,the fractionations between LREE and HREE are obvious,showing a right-inclined dispersion in the REE distribution diagram.Compared with the primitive mantle,the rock is relatively rich in LREE（La and Ce）,LILE（K,Sr,and Th）,and intensively depleted in HFSE（Ti,P,Nb and Ta）.The ratios of Sr/Y and（La/Yb）_N and the contents of Rb,Nb and Y are relatively low,the Sr values are high （436.35-567.26 ppm）,and the Yb contents of most samples are low（1.25-1.8）,which indicate the features of typical continental margin arc and adakitic rocks.According to the values ofε_（Nd）（t）（-2.4 to ＋0.2） and I_（Sr）（0.7028-0.7083）,and variations of the La/Sm ratios,the Hadamiao granodiorite was formed from mixing of the thickened molten lower crust and the mantle wedge substances.The rock was related to the southward subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Asia Ocean in the Late Paleozoic, being Late Paleozoic magma of the continental margin arc formed on the basement of the Early Paleozoic accretion complexes,and showing a trend of turning into adakitic rocks,which indicates their great metallogenic（Au） potential.

A New Fauna——Qinghezhen Fauna——from the Northern Margin of the North China Platform

In the Inner Mongolia axis and Jiaoliao anteclise along the northern margin of the North China Platform.it has been found that the strata formerly considered as Archaean and Proterozoic are in fact an ophiolite suitesimilar to the Early Palaeozoic Ondor Sum Group in the Northern Geosyncline region of China. The stratahave been named in northern Liaoning as the Qinghezhen Group. The emphasis of this paper is on the discus-sion of the simall shelly fossils found in the siliceous rocks in the upper part of the Qinghezhen Group. Thisophiolite suite stretches in an E-W direction for about 1000 km along the northern margin of the North ChinaPlatform. in which 15 fossil localities with stable stratigraphic horizons have been discovered. In this paper. 4types. 7 genera (including 5 new ones) and 10 species (including 8 new ones and 1 new subspecies) aredescribed, which are collectively referred to as the Qinghezhen Fauna. The characteristics of these fossils are:shell form simple. the maximum length not exceeding 4 mm. with obvious shell wall and wall ornaments. TheQinghezhen Fauna is comparable in shell structure of some genera and species with the Meishucun Fauna inSouth China, but differs from the latter in having only monotonous fossil groups developed in a distinctly va-ried ecological environment. The two faunas may belong to the same evolutionary stage of the Early Cambrianbut have developed parallelly in different regions. The existence of the Qinghezhen Fauna represents an impor-tant biological event in the Early Cambrian in the Northern Geosyncline region of China. The discovery of theQinghezhen Fauna will bring new knowledge and profound influence to a series of problems on basic geologyand mineral deposit prospecting such as the Cambrian faunas. biogeographical povincialism in China and thegeotectonic features of the northern margin of the North China Platform.

Hydrothermal Mineralization on the Mesoproterozoic Passive Continental Margins of China: A Case Study of the Langshan-Zha'ertaishan Belt,Inner Mongolia, China

Most ore-forming characteristics of the Langshan-Zha'ertaishan hydrothermal exhalation belt, which consists of the Dongshengmiao, Huogeqi, Tanyaokou and Jiashengpan large-superlarge Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide deposits, are most similar to those of Mesoproterozoic SEDEX-type provinces of the world. The characteristics include: (1) All deposits of this type in the belt occur in third-order fault-basins in the Langshan-Zha'ertaishan aulacogen along the northern margin of the North China Platform; (2) these deposits with all their orebodies hosted in the Mesoproterozoic impure dolomite-marble and carbonaceous phyllite (or schists) have an apparent stratabound nature; ores display laminated and banded structures, showing clear depositional features; (3) there is some evidence of syn-sedimentary faulting, which to a certain extent accounts for the temporal and spatial distribution and the size of the orebodies in all deposits and the formation of intrabed conglomerates and breccias; (4) they show lateral and vertical zonation of sulfides; (5) The Cu/(Pb+Zn+Cu) ratio of the large and thick Pb+Zn+Cu orebodies gradually decreases from bottom to top; and (6) barite is interbedded with pyrites and sometimes with sphalerite. However, some characteristics such as the Co/Ni radio of the pyrites, the volcanism, for example, of the Langshan-Zha'ertaishan metallogenic belt, are different from those of the typical SEDEX deposits of the world. The meta-basic volcanic rock in Huogeqi, the sodic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Dongshengmiao and potassic bimodal-volcanic rocks with blastoporphyritic and blasto-glomeroporphyritic texture as well as blasto-amygdaloidal structure in the Tanyaokou deposits have been discovered in the only ore-bearing second formation of the Langshan Group in the past 10 years. The metallogeny of some deposits hosted in the Langshan Group is closely related to syn-sedimentary volcanism based on the following facts: most of the lead isotopes in sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite plot on both sides of the line for the mantle or between the lines for the mantle and lower crust in the lead isotope composition diagram; cobalt content of some pyrites samples is much higher than the nickel content (Co/Ni=11.91-12.19). Some volcanic blocks and debris have been picked out from some pyritic and pyrrhotitic ores. All Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide orebodies in these deposits occur in the strata overlying metamorphic volcanic rocks in the only ore-bearing second formation. In the Jiashengpan deposit that lacks syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession only Pb and Zn ores occur without Cu ore, but in the Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou and Huogeqi deposits with syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession Cu ores occur. This indicates a relatively higher ore-forming temperature. The process of syn-sedimentary volcanic eruption directly supplied some ore-forming elements, and resulted in secular geothermal anomaly favorable for the circulation of a submarine convective hydrothermal system, which accounts for the precipitation of deep mineralizing fluids exhaling into anoxidic basins along the syn-sedimentary fault system in the Langshan-Zha'ertai rift. The Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou, and Huogeqi deposits hosted in the Langshan Group appear to be a transitional type of mineral deposit between SEDEX and VMS-types but with a bias towards SEDEX, while the Jiashengpan deposit hosted in the Zha'ertai Group is of a characteristic SEDEX type. This evidence, together with other new discoveries of Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks and the features of lithogeny and metallogeny of the Bayun Obo deposit in the neighborhood emphasize the diversity, complexity and uniqueness of the Mesoproterozoic Langshan-Zha'ertai-Bayun Obo ore belt.

内蒙古霍各乞宝音图群大理岩古沉积环境研究

宝音图群是华北地台北缘分布较广的地层单元之一,记录了华北地台北缘晚元古代—早新元古代期间的地质历史演化信息,研究宝音图群大理岩对于重建华北地台北缘的古地理环境具有非常重要的意义。对霍各乞宝音图群大理岩和地层组构特征研究显示,大理岩的Z值(121~130)、Sr/Ba比值(1.90~55.8)、m值(25.7~1973)、C同位素组成(δ13CV-PDB为1.25~4.79)以及地层中发育的变余层理和浪成波痕指示其古沉积环境为海相环境;大理岩弱的负Ce异常(δCe为0.78~0.97)、弱的正Eu异常(δEu为0.93~2.75)、V/Cr比值(0.46~4.09)以及地层中原生黄铁矿风化孔洞和碳质的存在指示原始沉积水体呈次氧化状态;大理岩的哈克图解、Y/Ho比值(27.2~45.0)、δLa-Yb图解及硅铝质矿物的发育指示原始沉积过程中有丰富的陆源碎屑物质输入。晚中元古代—早新元古代时期华北地台北缘为海洋环境。

地幔岩包体中的Ni，Fe，Au，Mo含量及其意义--以山东和辽宁地区的比较分析为例

目的探讨华北南北两缘辽宁宽甸及山东临朐两地新生代地幔岩包体中成矿元素含量与矿床分布之间的关系。方法利用地幔岩包体常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素地球化学分析,结合区域矿产类型及矿产分布进行研究。结果辽宁宽甸岩石圈地幔经历了较高程度的部分熔融,后期交代作用较之山东临朐较弱;山东临胸部分熔融程度较之辽宁宽甸较低,进行的交代作用较强。辽宁宽甸的地幔岩包体成矿元素Ni,Fe,Au及Mo平均值分别为2561×10^(-6)g/g,7.07%,4.17×10^(-9)g/g,0.19×10^(-6)g/g;山东临朐的地幔岩包体的成矿元素Ni,Fe,Au及Mo平均值分别为1967×10^(-6)g/g,6.60%,10.7×10^(-9)g/g,0.37×10^(-6)g/g。中国华北地块南北两缘地幔岩包体中的成矿元素Ni,Fe含量明显表现为北缘高南缘低,而Au,Mo含量则为南缘高北缘低。结论岩石圈地幔岩Ni,Fe,Au,Mo等成矿元素含量的高低与成矿省情况基本是耦合的。地幔岩包体中Ni,Fe,Au,Mo等含量的高低对地壳矿产分布有指示意义。

华北地台北部奥陶纪露头层序地层

本项研究以河北唐山、北京西山和河北曲阳剖面为重点，首次动用运用多学科的方法对华北地台北部奥陶纪露头层序地层进行综合研究。完善了研究程序，建立了层序地层划分对比标准和区内相分布格架。研究中将副层序直接用于野外分层；将副层序归纳为代表６种沉积相的２１个模型；识别了三类层序界面，即ＳＢ１面、间断型ＳＢ２面和相转换型ＳＢ２面；进行地层多级沉积旋回或分，包括２个二级旋回，６－７个三级旋回（每个旋回时限约６７Ｍａ），２２—２６个四级旋回（每个旋回时限约１５—１８Ｍａ）及１５５—１８５个五级旋回（每个旋回时限约０２１－０２６Ｍａ）；取得多项系统成果。区域相分布和相对海平面变化研究表明，区内奥陶纪台地环境的演变分为３个阶段：藻礁缓坡－台盆阶段，潮滩缓坡－台盆阶段和泻湖潮滩－缓坡阶段。

华北板块北缘西段裂谷系金矿床成矿特征及成因探讨

白云鄂博群和渣尔泰山群是华北板块北缘中新元古代裂陷谷沉积的陆缘碎屑岩、泥页岩、碳酸盐岩及少量火山岩建造,赋存的典型金矿床有白云鄂博北部金矿床、朱拉扎嘎、浩尧尔忽洞等成型金矿床。从区域成矿角度看,由西向东构成了一个巨大的Au-Cu-Pb-Zn-S(Fe)-Mn-Au-REE-Nb-Fe热水沉积成矿系统。地质特征表明金矿床均具有明显的层控型特点;元素地球化学特征显示金的来源主要与中元古代火山活动及沉积地层有关;同位素年龄暗示一期重要成矿时代与华力西晚期的岩浆-构造事件相耦合。认为金矿床成因可概括为热水喷流沉积-热液叠加改造复合型。显示具有较大的找矿潜力。

岩浆隐爆作用与金矿化的关系——以华北地台北缘金矿为例

以中元古代碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩为容矿岩石的浸染型金矿床是近年来发现的金矿新类型。本文简要介绍了该类金矿床的地质特征、矿床类型和成矿模式。提出华北地台北缘该类金矿的成矿作用与岩浆隐爆作用密切相关。

白云鄂博矿床成矿构造环境分析

白云鄂博矿床是世界著名的超大型铁铌稀土矿床,但因为其成因和形成时代的证据复杂多样,其成因、形成时代及其形成的大地构造环境均有多种不同认识。笔者等曾对赋矿白云岩成因、成矿时代及赋矿地层白云鄂博群的年代这两个关键问题进行了系统的地质、地球化学研究,获得了一系列关键证据,并对前人资料进行了系统地梳理,论证了白云鄂博矿床赋矿白云岩为一大型微晶丘,而微晶丘是热水沉积形成;确定其成矿时代及白云鄂博群的年代均为早古生代。本文进一步报道了在与白云鄂博群下部相当的腮林忽洞群中发现了宏体化石海绵和腹足类,在白云鄂博群中发现了与腮林忽洞群中相同的振动液化脉和振动液化角砾岩。从而笔者等认为,白云鄂博矿床成矿和白云鄂博群的沉积环境是早古生代被动大陆边缘。

西沙海域碳酸盐台地周缘水道沉积体系

高分辨率地震资料显示,南海北部西沙海域碳酸盐台地周缘广泛发育水道沉积体系。礁缘水道底界面表现出强反射特征,内部充填弱-强、连续性好的地震相,可见底部杂乱反射特征;斜坡水道在地震剖面上表现为横向上连续发育的"V"型特征,且下切深度较浅。西沙隆起与广乐隆起之间的南北向低洼地带发育大型深水水道,并且受古地貌高点影响,水道分为南北两个分支。北分支水道可分为5期,且水道迁移现象明显;南分支水道可分为4期,水道以充填强振幅、连续性好的浊流沉积体和弱振幅、杂乱的块体搬运体系(Mass Transport Deposits,MTDs)为特征,每期水道均表现出侵蚀-充填-废弃的旋回性。分析认为西沙碳酸盐台地周缘水道沉积物源来自西沙隆起和广乐隆起的碳酸盐台地和生物礁碎屑及由火成作用产生的火成岩碎屑。西沙-广乐碳酸盐台地水道相互贯通,构成台地-斜坡-深水的水道沉积体系,为碳酸盐岩、生物礁及火山碎屑向台地周缘输送提供了良好的通道。

华北地台北缘中段金矿控矿因素探讨

在中生代华北与华南的碰撞过程中,华北克拉通北缘再次活化造山,伴随强烈的岩浆活动和成矿作用,造就了华北地台北缘重要的金成矿带,笔者通过多年该区找金的实践和对金矿控矿因素的分析认为,金的成矿物质来源于绿岩地体,并在燕山期构造-岩浆活动中迁移、富集成矿,并提出了找矿方向。

华北地台北缘中段银多金属矿床与火山岩

该区的银多金属矿床在空间上受前中生代基底东西向深大断裂和中生代的北东向构造岩浆带控制,由东向西构成北东—东西向带状分布的银多金属矿带集中区。其成矿与中元古代和中生代火山活动关系密切;即中元古代大红峪碱性玄武岩,中生代的酸性偏碱性火山岩。古元古代的变粒岩、中、新元古代的沉积岩中的特定层位和中生代燕山期张家口旋回火山岩具有矿源层特征。根据地质地球化学特征,提出该区存在四类银多金属矿床的认识。

内蒙古狼山-渣尔泰山中元古代被动陆缘裂陷槽裂解过程中的火山活动及其示踪意义

狼山-渣尔泰山中元古代被动陆缘裂陷槽内产有炭窑口、东升庙、霍各乞和甲生盘等海底喷流-沉积铅锌铜铁硫化物矿床。它在裂解过程中产生了明显的间歇性海底火山喷发。已分别在霍各乞、东升庙和炭窑口矿床容矿岩组中已找到岩性不同、并具有变余斑状或聚斑状或显微球粒结构、变余杏仁构造的海相火山岩与凝灰岩层,它们是确认该裂陷槽裂解过程的有效标志。依据(1)西部炭窑口矿区容矿岩组中发育钾质"双峰式"火山岩,其基性火山岩的K_2O(4.23～5.93%)>Na_2O (2.15～3.14%)、Na_2O+K_2O=6.51～8.08%、长石斑晶为钠长石(No.=2.8～7.2),酸性火山岩的K_2O(6.22～4.83%)>Na_2O(2.78～3.87%)、Na_2O+K_2O=8.63～9.00%、长石斑晶为钠长石(No.=0.2～0.7)、长石微晶主要为钾长石;(2)东升庙矿区则发育钠质"双峰式"火山岩,其基性火山岩的Na_2O(3.84～4.30%)>K_2O(2.49～3.80%)、Na_2O+K_2O=6.44～7.92%、长石斑晶为更长石(No.=11～25),酸性火山岩的Na_2O(3.64～5.31%)>K_2O(1.19～2.75%)、Na_2O+K_2O=6.28～7.68%,长石斑晶与基质均为钠长石(No.=0～1.1);(3)霍各乞矿区发育基性火山岩,其Na_2O(1.36～3.78%)>K_2O (0.30～2.16%),Na_2O+K_2O=2.03～4.09%;(4)炭窑口、东升庙与霍各乞矿床三矿区火山岩的稀土元素与微量元素蛛网图的标准化曲线有相似性和显著差别;(5)炭窑口、东各庙和霍各乞矿区基性火山岩的Sm-Nd模式年龄依次为1857～1877Ma和2006～2132Ma、1740～1867Ma、1486～1606Ma;(6)容矿岩组中有多层凝灰岩与火山碎屑及少量含火山碎屑的矿石,再结合该裂陷槽内各矿床的铅同位素模式年龄和甲生盘矿区只有少量凝灰质夹层,可以揭示该裂陷槽在中元古代的不均匀裂解过程,表现出从西部炭窑口→东升庙→东部的甲生盘一带先后裂解、狼山南侧早于北侧裂解以及从狼山→渣尔泰山同沉积期火山活动由明显→微弱的明显变化趋势。

华北地台北缘乌兰哈雅地区二叠纪末—三叠纪初推覆构造

华北地台北缘乌兰哈雅地区发现二叠纪未—三叠纪初蒙古寺—盘羊山—乌兰哈雅推覆构造,将晚太古代色尔腾山岩群绿片岩系推覆到震旦系什那干组灰岩和古生代碎屑岩系之上。推覆面走向近东西向,延伸长度大于50km,推覆方向180～230°,推覆距离大于4.5km。推覆界面被中三叠世(U-Pb同位素年龄231Ma)二长花岗岩侵入,又被中侏罗统大青山组不整合覆盖。本推覆构造的发现改变了前人认为本区不存在古生代末大型推覆构造的看法,对了解华北地台(板块)构造发展历史与地壳演化有重要意义。说明华北地台(板块)晚古生代末存在大型陆内造山事件,其动力来源推测为华北板块与华南板块的碰撞所产生的巨大挤压应力。

华北板块北缘东段古生代沉积特征及盆地演化研究进展

通过对吉林伊通、长春、永吉、桦甸等野外实地考察,结合前人研究成果,总结华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞拼贴方式、古亚洲洋南支洋闭合过程以及华北板块北缘沉积特征与盆地演化。研究区地质构造错综复杂,沉积体系保存不全;受中新生代构造的影响,叠加了中新生代构造变形、岩浆活动和成矿作用;地层被破坏,多为哑地层,上述原因导致对古亚洲洋闭合之前盆地的性质及演化认识不一,制约了对有关重要科学问题的深入研究。采用沉积学的方法,结合构造地质学、地球化学、古生物地层学、同位素测年等理论和方法,依据现存古生代地层和不同构造部位的沉积盆地类型及其基本特征,开展古生代构造古地理演化研究,恢复沟弧盆体系的分布以及岛弧的类型、时代,探讨古亚洲洋的闭合过程,将是探讨华北板块北缘东段构造演化特征的新思路。

内蒙古镶黄旗哈达庙金矿杂岩体年代学、地球化学及其形成机制

在中亚造山带东段华北地台北缘,识别出一套原认为是燕山期的晚古生代哈达庙石英闪长岩,其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为272.9±2.4Ma(MSWD=2.0)。哈达庙石英闪长岩及其相伴出露的哈达庙含金花岗斑岩,都具有高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩的性质,∑REE较低,LREE富集明显,具有中等到弱的铕负异常,与原始地幔相比,都具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb、Th、Zr、Hf,轻稀土元素(LREE)La、Ce,相对高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti、P富集的消减带组分(SZC)特性,并且具有陆缘弧火山岩的特征。从石英闪长岩到含Au花岗斑岩,具有板块碰撞前到同碰撞的岩石特征;通过Sr、Nd、Pb同位素分析,认为哈达庙金矿杂岩主要来源于壳、幔混源,具有新生下地壳(古岛弧带)的特征;石英闪长岩的先期熔出为贫硫化物斑岩型金矿成矿元素在花岗斑岩体内的富集创造了条件;哈达庙含金花岗斑岩异常富集易熔流体相元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U、K)可能是成矿岩体与非成矿岩体的鉴别标志。本文为在中亚造山带东段华北地台北缘寻找与古亚洲洋俯冲增生碰撞有关金矿提供了线索。

华北地块北缘金矿预测

对华北地块北缘的金矿进行了成因分类,共分为3大类7亚类。利用地质体单元法对3大金矿类型进行了单元划分,共划分出214个单元。在综合信息成矿理论的指导下,对本区的岩浆重熔热液型金矿、岩浆同熔热液型金矿床以及火山次火山热液型金矿床分别采用特征分析,对矿产资源的产出位置进行了估计,采用成矿概率估计对各单元的成矿可能性进行分级,共预测出24个最有远景的工作区。

华北地台北缘绿岩带型铁磷矿地质及综合利用前景

通过对华北地台北缘绿岩带型铁磷矿成矿构造环境、含矿建造、矿床地球化学等几个方面的研究认为,该类矿床含矿建造原岩主要为岛弧-拉斑玄武岩,变质后容矿岩石属碱性-铁质、铁镁质系列。容矿岩石中主微量元素明显不和谐,岩石中不相容元素明显富集(Ba、Sr、Zr、P),相容元素(Cr、Co、Ni)亏损。稀土元素含量高,模式图为向右倾斜平滑曲线,Ce轻度负异常。根据目前我国北方内生低品位共生铁磷矿开发利用情况,华北地台绿岩带型铁磷矿综合利用前景可观。

华北地台北缘中段构造演化及成矿控矿作用

本文以华北地台北缘中段的构造演化为主线，论述了地质构造的成矿控矿作周。研究认为前燕山期古亚洲域构造演化阶段，华北地台北缘作为华北板块陆缘活动带形成了多条东西向的韧性剪切变形变质带。燕山期濒太平洋构造域的叠加、改造使华北板块成为中、新生代强烈活动区。地慢热柱演化的三级单元—幔枝构造控制的构造变形—岩浆活动—变质作用共同控制着冀北地区的金、银多金属矿床的成矿作用。

南海北部大陆边缘盆地深水区储层类型及沉积演化

南海北部大陆边缘盆地深水区储层类型与构造、沉积演化有密切的关系。南海北部陆缘盆地深水区经历了裂陷期、裂坳过渡期、坳陷期3个沉积演化阶段,不同沉积演化阶段发育不同类型的储层。深水区的储层主要包括:始新统—下渐新统裂陷期的河流和扇三角洲相砂岩;上渐新统裂坳过渡期的(扇)三角洲—滨浅海相砂岩;裂后坳陷期中新统的滨海相砂岩、台地碳酸盐岩及深水浊积砂岩。其中,南海北部陆缘深水区广泛分布的斜坡扇、盆底扇、进积楔形体和峡谷水道等低位砂体具有巨大的勘探潜力。