^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar and Rb-Sr isochron dating of the gold deposits on northern margin of the Jiaolai Basin,Shandong,China

The Pengjiakuang, Dazhuangzi and Fayunkuang gold deposits, located on the northern margin of the Mesozoic Jiaolai Basin, east of Shandong Province, are controlled by a low-angle normal fault. Gold ores are typically brecciated, veinlet and disseminated. The Ar-Ar and Rb-Sr isochron dating methods were adopted to date ores and lamprophyre dike. The results indicate that the age of the Pengjiakuang gold deposit is 117.33—118.42 Ma, that of the Dazhuangzi gold deposit is 117.39 Ma, and that of the Fayunkuang gold deposit is (128.49±7.2) Ma. The consistency in metallogenic age between the gold deposits on the margin of the Jiaolai Basin and the gold deposits (115—126 Ma) of the northern uplift area suggests that both were formed in the same metallogenic period. That is to say, the large-scale metallogeny of the Jiaodong region took place in late-Yanshannian ((120±10) Ma).

3D reservoir characterization of the Mangahewa Formation,Mangahewa Field,Taranaki Basin,New Zealand

The Mangahewa Formation is the primary reservoir target in the Mangahewa Field in the Taranaki Basin,New Zealand.This formation is distinguished by its marginal marine substantial tight-sand reservoir,having thickness exceeding 800 m.The aim of this study is to assess the reservoir properties of the Mangahewa Formation through 3D reservoir modeling,employing 3D seismic data,core data,and well data from the Mangahewa Field.Utilizing variance attributes,the faults and horizons have been identified successfully within the field.The majority of the interpreted faults exhibit dip angles exceeding 60°,with a maximum displacement of 118 m.To detect direct hydrocarbon indicators,root-mean-square amplitude seismic attribute,envelope,and generalized spectral decomposition techniques have been employed.Subsequently,four lithofacies,comprising 78.3%sandstone,9.2%siltstone,9.5%claystone,and 3.0%coal have been established by utilizing the Sequential Indicator Simulation(SIS)algorithm to create a lithofacies model.A property model has been generated using the Sequential Gaussian Simulation(SGS)algorithm.Petrophysical evaluation indicates that the Mangahewa Formation exhibits reservoir qualities ranging from fair to good,with porosity levels between 8%and 11%,permeability averaging up to 10 mD,variable shale volumes,and hydrocarbon saturation in the range of 40%-50%.This study's methodologies and findings can serve as a valuable foundation for similar investigations in other tightsand gas fields located in different regions.

Two Contrasting Eclogite Types on the Northern Margin of the Qaidam Basin, Western China

Eclogites have been recently discovered in the Xitieshan area in the middlesegment of the northern margin of the Qaidam basin. These eclogites, together with those recognizedearlier in the Yuka area of the western segment of the northern margin of the Qaidam basin and inthe Dulan area of the eastern segment of the northern margin of the Qaidam basin, form an eclogitebelt with a length of 350 km. A comparison of the eclogites from the Yuka and Xitieshan areassuggests that they show different country rocks, microtextures, mineral assemblages, and especially,different peak temperatures, PT paths during decompression and isotopic features. Eclogites fromthe Yuka area bear evidence of prograde metamorphism, such as prograde mineral relics in garnet andgrowth zoning of garnet, and hairpin-shaped PT paths with coincidence of the baric and thermal peaksof metamorphism, which reflect rapid burial and uplift. Sm-Nd isotopic determination shows obviousSm-Nd disequilibrium, and no isochron ages of Early Paleozoic metamorphism was obtained. On thecontrary, the Xitieshan eclogite was subjected to metamorphism of higher eclogite-facies andpost-eclogite-facies temperatures, showing an obvious granulite-facies overprint. A tentative PTpath for the Xitieshan area suggests that the baric peak preceded the thermal culmination. Wholerock-garnet-omphacite Sm-Nd isotopic data give an isochron age in the Early Paleozoic. Thedifferences between the two eclogites imply their different tectonic-thermal history during theirburial and uplift.

The Type and Evolution of Neoproterozoic Sedimentary Basin in the Dahongshan Region,Northern Margin of the Yangtze Block:An Insight from Sedimentary Characteristics of the Huashan Group

Objective The Huashan group（composed of the lower Hongshansi Formation and the upper Liufangzui Formation）is an important Neoproterozoic stratigraphic unit along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block.Previous documents have focused on the geochronological and geochemical aspects of the Neoproterozoic sedimentary basin in the Dahongshan region.However.

Geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells in the northern margin of the Qaidam basin

We investigated the geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells in the northern margin of the Qaidam basin to better understand their cause.The structural situation,the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism and unsuccessful well data collected from 1996 to 2005 were studied.The results show that the main geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells are a lack of effective source rocks and a lack of effective traps,as well as the migration-accumulation conditions that exist in this area.The basin was reformed by Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution.Multi-stage tectonic activities have both positive and negative effects on hydrocarbon accumulation.Source rocks distribution,effective migration channels,effective traps and the tectonic evolution effects on hydrocarbons should be the key objects for further studies.

Quantitative identification of coal-type gas and oil-type gas in source-mixed gas at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin

The current study tested the gas component and carbon isotopic composition of gas samples from 6 oilgas fields at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, and established a chart to quantitatively identify the mixing ratio of source-mixed gas. Besides, this research quantitatively investigated the natural gas generated by different types of organic matter. The results show that different ratios of source-mixed gas exist in the 6 oil-gas fields at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin. Among them, Mabei has the highest mixing ratio of coal-type gas, followed by Nanbaxian, Mahai, Lenghu-4, Lenghu-3 and Lenghu-5, with the ratios of coal-type gas 91%, 87%, 83%, 66%, 55% and 36%, respectively. Lenghu-3 and Lenghu-4 oil-gas fields were mainly filled by coal-type gas earlier. For Lenghu-3, the gas was mainly generated from low matured source rocks in lower Jurassic Series of Lengxi sub-sag. For Lenghu-4, the gas was mainly generated from humus-mature source rocks in lower Jurassic Series of the northern slope of Kunteyi sub-sag. Gas in Lenghu-5 was mainly later filled oil-type gas, which was generated from high matured sapropelics in lower Jurassic Series of Kunteyi sub-sag. Earlier filled coal-type gas was the main part of Mahai, Nanbaxian and Mabei oil-gas fields. Gas source of Mahai was mainly generated from high mature humics in lower Jurassic Series of Yibei sub-sag; for Nanbaxian, the gas was mainly generated from high matured humics in middle-lower Jurassic Series of Saishiteng sub-sag; for Mabei, the gas was mainly generated from humus-mature source rocks in middle Jurassic Series of Yuqia sub-sag.

Characteristics and genesis of clay minerals in the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin

In order to develop appropriate reservoir protection measures in the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin and improve its oil and gas recovery efficiency,characteristics of clay minerals from eleven clay rock samples from the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis,the Scanning Electron Microscope（SEM）and energy spectrum analysis.Clay mineral composition and distribution characteristics of the main hydrocarbon reservoirs,i.e.,from the Jurassic and Paleogene-Neogene,were explored.We analyzed the main factors which affected these attributes.The results show that the major clay minerals in the northern margin are chlorite,kaolinite,illite,smectite and illite/smectite inter-stratified minerals.Illite is the most widely spread clay mineral in this area. Chlorite is mainly found in the entire Neogene and in shallow horizons of the Paleogene.Smectite is enriched in the shallow Paleogene-Neogene.There are large amounts of kaolinite and illite/smectite inter-stratified minerals in the Jurassic.The major factors affecting the different development of clay minerals in the region are properties of parent rocks,paleoclimate and paleowater media conditions, diagenesis transformation,tectonic and terrain conditions.

Petroleum geology controlled by extensive detachment thinning of continental margin crust: A case study of Baiyun sag in the deep-water area of northern South China Sea

The relationships between crustal stretching and thinning,basin structure and petroleum geology in Baiyun deep-water area were analyzed using large area 3D seismic,gravity,magnetic,ocean bottom seismic(OBS),deep-water exploration wells and integrated ocean drilling program(IODP).During the early syn-rifting period,deep-water area was a half-graben controlled by high angle faults influenced by the brittle extension of upper crust.In the mid syn-rifting period,this area was a broad-deep fault depression controlled by detachment faults undergone brittle-ductile deformation and differentiated extension in the crust.In the late syn-rifting period,this area experienced fault-sag transition due to saucer-shaped rheology change dominated by crustal ductile deformation.A broad-deep fault depression controlled by the large detachment faults penetrating through the crust is an important feature of deep-water basin.The study suggests that the broad-deep Baiyun sag provides great accommodation space for the development of massive deltaic-lacustrine deposition system and hydrocarbon source rocks.The differentiated lithospheric thinning also resulted in the different thermal subsidence during post-rifting period,and then controlled the development of continental shelf break and deep-water reservoir sedimentary environment.The high heat flow background caused by the strong thinning of lithosphere and the rise of mantle source resulted in particularities in the reservoir diagenesis,hydrocarbon generation process and accumulation of deep-water area in northern South China Sea.

Cretaceous Stress Fields Evolution and Its Geodynamic Implications in Jiaolai Basin, Northern China

The Tan-Lu fault zone(TLFZ)along the East China continental margin experienced sinistral movement at the beginning of Early Cretaceous(ca.145)due to fast oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate in the Pacific Ocean.It can

Characteristics and origin of continental marginal fault depressions under the background of preexisting subduction continental margin,northern South China Sea,China

Based on the new seismic and drilling data and the recent related research results,this paper systematically analyzes the diversity and complexity of evolution process of crustal lithosphere structure and basin structure in the Pearl River Mouth Basin on the northern margin of the South China Sea.Three types of detachment faults of different structural levels exist:crust-mantle detachment,inter-crust detachment and upper crust detachment.It is considered that different types of extensional detachment control different subbasin structures.Many fault depressions controlled by upper crust detachment faults have been found in the Zhu I Depression located in the proximal zone.These detachment faults are usually reformed by magma emplacement or controlled by preexisting faults.Baiyun-Liwan Sag located in the hyperextension area shows different characteristics of internal structure.The Baiyun main sag with relative weak magmatism transformation is a wide-deep fault depression,which is controlled by crust-mantle detachment system.Extensive magmatism occurred in the eastern and southwest fault steps of the Baiyun Sag after Middle Eocene,and the crust ductile extensional deformation resulted in wide-shallow fault depression controlled by the upper crust detachment fault.Based on the classical lithosphere extensional breaking and basin tectonic evolution in the Atlantic margin,it is believed that the magmatic activities and pre-existing structures in the Mesozoic subduction continental margin background are important controlling factors for the diversified continental margin faulted structures in the northern South China Sea.

柴达木盆地北缘断裂锡铁山-阿木尼克山段第四纪晚期古地震活动性

柴达木盆地北缘断裂带是青藏高原北部的一条区域性活动断裂带,构成了柴达木盆地北部和祁连山的边界断裂,研究其第四纪晚期古地震活动对于理解柴达木盆地北缘断裂带地震复发周期、地震危险性等具有重要意义。通过地质考察、遥感解译、探槽开挖及OSL地质测年、古地震期次分析等,对柴达木盆地北缘断裂(锡铁山-阿木尼克山段)古地震事件进行了研究。研究表明:探槽剖面共揭露了5次比较可靠的古地震事件,发震时间分别为:事件E1距今约60 a;事件E23.1±0.3~3.4±0.3 ka;事件E37.5±0.3~8.1±0.3 ka;事件E410.1±0.4~11.4±0.4 ka;事件E512.1±0.4~12.8±0.4 ka。利用古地震逐次限定法认为柴达木盆地北缘断裂(锡铁山-阿木尼克山段)地震复发周期为2.6~3.4 ka。阿木尼克山段最新离逝时间为60年前,锡铁山段最新离逝时间为3.1±0.3 ka,分析认为柴达木盆地北缘断裂锡铁山段未来遭遇破坏性地震的可能性大于阿木尼克山段。该结果可以更好地了解柴达木盆地北缘断裂的古地震期次、复发间隔等,对地震预报预测及评价该断裂未来地震危险性具有一定的指导意义。

柴北缘尕海南山晚志留世—晚泥盆世火山岩浆组合对早古生代造山后伸展时限的约束

柴达木盆地北缘(柴北缘)构造带经历了早古生代的大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲,形成了广为人知的柴北缘超高压变质带。早古生代造山带何时开始垮塌一直存在争论,火山岩和侵入岩作为深地岩石探针能为约束地壳活动提供关键制约。应用锆石LA–ICP–MS U–Pb年代学和Lu–Hf同位素方法对柴北缘东段尕海南山地区出露的牦牛山组火山碎屑岩和侵入其中的花岗岩开展研究。锆石U–Pb年代学结果显示,牦牛山组火山碎屑岩的形成时代约为423 Ma,侵入其中的花岗岩的形成时代为370 Ma,表明火山岩喷发的年龄在晚志留世,后期侵入的花岗岩结晶年龄为晚泥盆世;锆石Lu–Hf同位素结果显示,晚志留世熔结凝灰岩ε_(Hf)(t)值集中在–11.5~–8.3,其两阶段Hf模式年龄集中在1945~2133 Ma,显示火山岩主要源于古老地壳物质熔融;而晚泥盆世侵入的花岗岩的ε_(Hf)(t)值分布在3.9~9.1,其两阶段的Hf模式年龄集中在792~1118 Ma,显示花岗岩主要源于中—新元古代地壳物质的部分熔融。结合对区域地质、岩石学等资料的综合分析认为,晚志留世—早泥盆世时期,大陆深俯冲导致的强烈造山作用造成柴北缘地壳发生明显加厚,加厚的欧龙布鲁克地壳基底发生部分熔融,形成了该时期的火山岩;晚泥盆世时期,加厚地壳的拆沉作用导致软流圈地幔上涌,引发区域地壳伸展,上涌的软流圈物质与地壳相互作用并发生部分熔融作用。因此区域牦牛山组形成时代跨度较大,不能笼统地用牦牛山组代表造山结束的时限,晚泥盆世岩浆岩的出现才预示着柴北缘地区进入显著的地壳伸展状态。

西非北部被动陆缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向

西非北部盆地勘探程度较低,但资源潜力巨大。基于板块构造理论,通过结合地震与地质方法的综合研究,分析了西非北部主要地质时期的原型盆地,对比了各盆地的结构特征及其沉积充填差异性,解剖已发现油气藏,建立成藏模式,指出下一步勘探方向。研究发现:西非北部被动陆缘盆地群经历了前寒武纪—二叠纪前裂陷、三叠纪—早侏罗世裂陷和中侏罗世至今的陆缘3个演化阶段,形成了断陷型、断坳型和坳陷型3个被动陆缘盆地亚类。断陷型盆地形成单源-构造型成藏模式,勘探目标以裂谷层系的构造成藏组合为主;断坳型盆地可形成双源-双组合型成藏模式,大陆架上的缓坡带以裂谷层系构造圈闭为主,在台地边缘应寻找礁体和内幕岩溶,陡坡带上部的主要勘探目标应为规模较大的滑动-滑塌形成的斜坡扇,下部应关注成熟烃源岩层系内扇体所形成的上白垩统和下白垩统砂岩构造-岩性圈闭;坳陷型盆地以坳陷层系烃源岩为主,主要勘探对象为陡坡下部的浊积砂岩及台地缓坡三角洲砂体,台地边缘礁滩体、台地碳酸盐岩风化壳岩溶和断裂带岩溶也是值得重视的勘探方向。研究可为勘探程度低、资料获取难的被动陆缘深水油气勘探选区评价提供借鉴。

东胜气田致密高含水气藏合采气井层间干扰影响因素

为了明确鄂尔多斯盆地北缘致密高含水气藏合采气井层间干扰及其影响因素,指导同类型气藏合采气井高效开发,以该盆地北缘东胜气田致密高含水气藏为研究对象,分析了储集层地质条件、储集层改造对合采井产层段贡献的影响,指出了该类合采气井层间干扰的主控因素。研究结果表明:(1)合采井各产层段贡献率主要受各产层段的孔隙度、渗透率及含气饱和度控制,其产层段孔隙度占主导地位;(2)储层压裂改造对于提高气井产量具有较大的作用,但对合采井各产层段的贡献率却很小;(3)对于致密高含水气藏而言,含气饱和度是合采井产层段贡献率及层间干扰的一个重要影响因子;(4)合采井各产层段之间的孔隙度级差、渗透率级差及含气饱和度级差直接影响着合采井层间干扰程度。结论认为:(1)合采井产层段的孔隙度越大、渗透性越好、含气饱和度越高,则产层段的产量贡献率越大;(2)合采井孔隙度、渗透率及含气饱和度3个参数的级差越大,层间干扰程度越大,当孔隙度级差大于1.248或渗透率级差大于2.69或含气饱和度级差大于1.22时,合采井层间干扰已经非常严重,亟需开展治理。

Tectonic evolution of Tethyan tectonic field, formation of Northern Margin basin and explorative perspective of natural gas in Tarim Basin

Analyzing the characteristics of the Tethyantectonic field, the authors think that the Tethyan tectonicfield underwent three evolutional stages: closing of Pa-leo-Tethys and rifting of Neo-Tethys from early Permian tolate Triassic, subduction of Neo-Tethys and collision betweenthe Indian plate and the Eurasia plate from Jurassic to earlyof low Tertiary, and collision between the Arab plate and theEurasia plate and the A-type subduction of Indian plate fromlate of low Tertiary to the present. Combining the evolutionof the Tethyan orogenic belt with the characteristics of theNorthern Margin basin, it is suggested that the sedimentaryand tectonic characteristics and types of the Northern Mar-gin basin are controlled by the formation and evolution ofthe Tethyan orogenic belt and the ingression of Tethys. Theevolution of Northern Margin basin can be divided into threedevelopment stages: back-arc foreland basin from late Per-mian to Triassic, the back-arc fault subsidence and depres-sion from Jurassic to the early of low Tertiary, and the reac-tive foreland basin from the late of low Tertiary to the pre-sent. The Northern Margin basin in the Tethyan tectonicfield is an important region for natural gas accumulation,and the Tarim Basin is a part of this region.

Deep structure at northern margin of Tarim Basin

In this paper, a 2D velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle of the northern margin of the Tarim Basin (TB) has been obtained by ray tracing and theoretical seismogram calculation under the condition of 2D lateral inhomogeneous medium using the data of seismic wide angle reflection/refraction profile from Baicheng to Da Qaidam crossing the Kuqa Depression (KD) and Tabei Uplift (TU). And along the Baicheng to Da Qaidam profile, 4 of the 10 shot points are located in the northern margin of the TB. The results show that the character of the crust is uniform on the whole between the KD and TU, but the depth of the layers, thickness of the crust and the velocity obviously vary along the profile. Thereinto, the variation of the crust thickness mainly occurs in the middle and lower crust. The Moho has an uplifting trend near the Baicheng shot point in KD and Luntai shot point in TU, and the thickness of the crust reduces to 42 km and 47 km in these two areas, respectively. The transition zone between the KD and TU has a thickest crust, up to 52 km. In this transition zone, there are high velocity anoma-lies in the upper crust, and low velocity anomalies in the lower crust, these velocity anomalies zone is near vertical, and the sediment above them is thicker than the other areas. According to the velocity distributions, the profile can be divided into three sections:KD, TU and transition zone between them. Each section has a special velocity structural feature, the form of the crystalline basement and the relationship between the deep structure and the shallow one. The differences of velocity and tectonic between eastern and western profile in the northern margin of the Tarim Basin (NMTB) may suggest different speed and intensity of the subduction from the Tarim basin to the Tianshan orogenic belt (TOB).

扬子北缘大洪山地区新元古代辉长辉绿岩中单斜辉石成因及其构造意义

为进一步解析扬子地块北缘新元古代造山作用过程,本文对扬子地块北缘大洪山造山带~820Ma辉长辉绿岩中的单斜辉石进行了岩相学和原位主微量元素分析,共识别出三类单斜辉石:Ⅰ类单斜辉石核部和边部结晶温度分别为1159~1192℃、1162~1187℃,结晶压力分别为0.16~0.44GPa、0.31~0.52GPa;Ⅱ类单斜辉石结晶温度为1145~1179℃,结晶压力为0.27~0.53GPa;Ⅲ类单斜辉石结晶温度为1118~1150℃,结晶压力为0.09~0.35GPa。三类单斜辉石反演获得的母岩浆含水量分别为1.6%~2.4%、1.7%~2.2%、0.9%~2.1%。三类单斜辉石结晶于岩浆演化的不同阶段:早期基性岩浆形成了高Mg#值的Ⅰ类单斜辉石核部;随着岩浆结晶演化,形成低Mg#值的Ⅰ类单斜辉石边部和Ⅱ类单斜辉石;岩浆演化晚期伴随地壳混染,形成Ⅲ类单斜辉石。综合研究表明扬子地块北缘大洪山辉长辉绿岩形成于弧后盆地背景。

基于成矿构造圈定的柴北缘双口山荒漠景观区地球化学异常特征及其地质意义

大部分的热液矿床受断裂构造控制,但是基于成矿构造圈定地球化学异常的方法应用目前尚处于探索阶段。柴北缘双口山地区位于青海最重要的柴达木盆地北缘金铅锌银铅锌成矿带上,但该区内广泛分布有荒漠、戈壁等景观,且遭受风成沙等因素的影响,致使诸多地质异常信息被削弱或掩盖,对地质找矿工作造成了一定程度的干扰。针对双口山地区独特的地貌特征及成矿背景,基于成矿构造地球化学方法,对该地区其HS-9-5异常地段1∶1万土壤地球化学测量数据处理,快速优选出了有利地段,经验证发现了多条金矿(化)体。研究结果表明基于构造圈定地球化学异常的方法在构造活动强烈或在明显受构造控制的矿床的勘查工作中效果较佳,是一种值得进一步推广的地球化学勘查方法。本文主要简述其勘查过程及效果,为下一步研究区及相似景观区的矿产勘查工作提供一定的参考。

胶莱盆地东北缘郭城金矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

郭城金矿床位于胶莱盆地东北缘,由土堆矿段、沙旺矿段、东刘家矿段、龙口矿段和后夼矿段等组成,受以郭城断裂为主的拆离构造体系控制。矿石中石英流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温等研究结果显示,流体包裹体分为气液两相包裹体、含CO_(2)三相包裹体和纯液相包裹体3种类型;成矿流体盐度为1.39%~16.53%,密度0.56~1.00 g/cm^(3),属于中低盐度、低密度流体;成矿温度为200℃~360℃,成矿流体压力60~125 MPa,成矿深度6.22~9.31 km。结合前人研究成果,认为郭城金矿床成因类型是受郭城断裂为主拆离构造体系控制、地幔流体参与成矿的中温热液脉型金矿床。

西秦岭北缘漳县含盐盆地成盐阶段构造演化及找矿意义

西秦岭北缘漳县含盐盆地是研究青藏高原隆升及演化的重要部位。该盆地的形成是喜山期以来青藏高原隆升在远端构造运动响应的结果,属内陆湖泊伸展断陷盆地。前人对盆山演化与成矿的关系研究欠缺,本次结合最新盐矿勘查成果资料,遵循盆山耦合的研究思路,对该盆地结构特征进行分解,建立盆地构造格架,重塑盆地构造演化过程及盐矿沉积阶段。研究表明:白垩系及更老地层构成了盆地的老基底,盆地成盐阶段构造演化总体分3个阶段:①初始断陷阶段。古近纪始新世至渐新世末期,漳县一带发生近NS向张裂作用,在漳县北部沉积大面积古近系粗-细碎屑岩,奠定了盆地新基底;②强烈断陷阶段。中新世,伸展活动不断增强,在盆地内沉积了一套厚度超过1600 m的含盐泥岩地层;③走滑闭合阶段。上新世早期,伸展活动明显减弱,盆地主要受NS向挤压,老构造断裂发生由张性到压扭、走滑性质的转变,漳县含盐盆地持续演化就位形成现今构造样式。