Background: The orofacial region of the human body is usually not protected during a fight, making it prone to several injuries including human bite. Patients with human bite injury are often either intoxicated or are...Background: The orofacial region of the human body is usually not protected during a fight, making it prone to several injuries including human bite. Patients with human bite injury are often either intoxicated or are known to their assailant, and this makes the process of obtaining a reliable history especially about the aetiology difficult. In 2002, a study estimated the rate of infection secondary to human bite to be about 10%. Aim/Objective: The aim of the current study was to have a general overview of orofacial human bites seen at our unit including the aetiology, presentations, anatomic location, treatment and the treatment outcome. Results: Total number of cases was 127 over the six year period. Age range for females was 15 - 61 years with an average of 29.9. Age range for males was from 17 to 60 years and an average of 30.2 years. There were 31 males and 96 females, giving a male to female ratio of approximately 1:3. All of the reported cases resulted from a fight. Most of the offenders are known to the patients. Majority of the cases, except those infected at the time of presentation, were treated on the same day of presentation under local anaesthesia. Relationship of victim to the offender: Spouse/sexual partners were 21, rivals formed 70, known persons to the victim were 26 and strangers were 10. Sex distribution of offenders and victims: Females who bit females were 86 followed by females who bit males (24), males who bit females (10) and males who bit males (7). Conclusion: Most of the offenders are known to the patients. Majority of the cases, except those infected at the time of presentation, were treated on the same day of presentation under local anaesthesia after they had received antibiotics and anti-tetanus prophy-laxis. Early repair is now the recommended mode of treatment for human bites of the orofacial region, accompanied with good oral hygiene instructions and broad spectrum antibiotics and metro-nidazole.展开更多
Background Iranian traditional medicine,originating from Greek medicine,is based on the four elements theory,which defines the origin of life as the composition of the four elements of air,soil,fire,and water[1,2].Acc...Background Iranian traditional medicine,originating from Greek medicine,is based on the four elements theory,which defines the origin of life as the composition of the four elements of air,soil,fire,and water[1,2].According to Iranian traditional medicine,actions and reactions of opposite qualities of these four elements and interaction among“themselves by virtue of their respective powers(qualities)”in varying amounts of these combinations form the unique Mizaj(temperament)of each human being[3].Each human being has a unique Mizaj based on the combination of the warmness of fire,the coldness of soil,the wetness of water,and the dryness of air[4,5].The combinations of these elements are generally categorized as Sanguine Mizaj(warm and wet),Choleric(warm and dry),Phlegmatic(cold and wet),Sanguine Mizaj,and Melancholic Mizaj(cold and dry)[4–9].Mizaj is also categorized as innate and acquired.Each individual is born with the innate Mizaj,and the acquired type commonly results from living conditions and lifestyle[4,5].展开更多
文摘Background: The orofacial region of the human body is usually not protected during a fight, making it prone to several injuries including human bite. Patients with human bite injury are often either intoxicated or are known to their assailant, and this makes the process of obtaining a reliable history especially about the aetiology difficult. In 2002, a study estimated the rate of infection secondary to human bite to be about 10%. Aim/Objective: The aim of the current study was to have a general overview of orofacial human bites seen at our unit including the aetiology, presentations, anatomic location, treatment and the treatment outcome. Results: Total number of cases was 127 over the six year period. Age range for females was 15 - 61 years with an average of 29.9. Age range for males was from 17 to 60 years and an average of 30.2 years. There were 31 males and 96 females, giving a male to female ratio of approximately 1:3. All of the reported cases resulted from a fight. Most of the offenders are known to the patients. Majority of the cases, except those infected at the time of presentation, were treated on the same day of presentation under local anaesthesia. Relationship of victim to the offender: Spouse/sexual partners were 21, rivals formed 70, known persons to the victim were 26 and strangers were 10. Sex distribution of offenders and victims: Females who bit females were 86 followed by females who bit males (24), males who bit females (10) and males who bit males (7). Conclusion: Most of the offenders are known to the patients. Majority of the cases, except those infected at the time of presentation, were treated on the same day of presentation under local anaesthesia after they had received antibiotics and anti-tetanus prophy-laxis. Early repair is now the recommended mode of treatment for human bites of the orofacial region, accompanied with good oral hygiene instructions and broad spectrum antibiotics and metro-nidazole.
文摘Background Iranian traditional medicine,originating from Greek medicine,is based on the four elements theory,which defines the origin of life as the composition of the four elements of air,soil,fire,and water[1,2].According to Iranian traditional medicine,actions and reactions of opposite qualities of these four elements and interaction among“themselves by virtue of their respective powers(qualities)”in varying amounts of these combinations form the unique Mizaj(temperament)of each human being[3].Each human being has a unique Mizaj based on the combination of the warmness of fire,the coldness of soil,the wetness of water,and the dryness of air[4,5].The combinations of these elements are generally categorized as Sanguine Mizaj(warm and wet),Choleric(warm and dry),Phlegmatic(cold and wet),Sanguine Mizaj,and Melancholic Mizaj(cold and dry)[4–9].Mizaj is also categorized as innate and acquired.Each individual is born with the innate Mizaj,and the acquired type commonly results from living conditions and lifestyle[4,5].
