Previous research has implicated the involvement of androgens in sex-role orientation in males, from studies of 2nd to 4th digit ratio (a purported marker of prenatal testosterone). The present pilot study investigate...Previous research has implicated the involvement of androgens in sex-role orientation in males, from studies of 2nd to 4th digit ratio (a purported marker of prenatal testosterone). The present pilot study investigates the relationship between salivary testosterone levels and sex-role orientation using Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) scores in adult males. Twenty-one males (aged 18-24) completed the BSRI and provided saliva samples for assay. BSRI Femininity scores were significantly negatively correlated with testosterone levels;the higher the Femininity scores, the lower the testosterone levels. There was no relation of BSRI Masculinity scores with testosterone levels. Our preliminary results add to the research suggesting that sex-role orientation in males may be partially related to underlying hormone levels.展开更多
Classical Physics is a branch of Physics that should be described by classical notions, which define emergent phenomena. An Emergent Phenomenon is a property that is a result of simple interactions that work cooperati...Classical Physics is a branch of Physics that should be described by classical notions, which define emergent phenomena. An Emergent Phenomenon is a property that is a result of simple interactions that work cooperatively to create a more complex interaction. Physically, simple interactions occur at a microscopic level, and the collective result can be observed at a macroscopic level. The developed Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) introduces classical notions, when the very first ensemble of particles was created at the cosmological time π<sub>M</sub> ≅ 10<sup>-18</sup> and become possible to introduce the notion “Medium of the World”. We emphasize that Classical Physics is principally different from Quantum Physics that describes quantum objects, which have four-momenta only. Classical Physics is dealing with ensembles of quantum objects! The present paper discusses the Basic Notions of Classical Physics considering a principally different cosmological model WUM, which is, in fact, a Paradigm Shift for Cosmology. WUM is a natural continuation of Classical Physics, and it can already serve as a basis for a New Cosmology proposed by Paul Dirac in 1937.展开更多
The pursuit of economic efficiency is the major driver for the birth of contemporary Chinese civil law.Contemporary civil law scholarship has demonstrated a serious concern for efficiency from the very beginning.Howev...The pursuit of economic efficiency is the major driver for the birth of contemporary Chinese civil law.Contemporary civil law scholarship has demonstrated a serious concern for efficiency from the very beginning.However,many examples suggest that the notion of economic efficiency is often diluted or replaced by factors like civil law doctrinal scholasticism,moral notions,inertial thinking of the planned economy or the will of the leader.It has not been systematically attended to or expressed in a detailed and precise way in the contemporary civil law scholarship in China,rendering some economic judgments uneconomical.In the 21 st century,it is necessary for the civil law studies to establish a clearer and more precise notion of efficiency,to conduct more direct and accurate evaluations on civil laws’incentives on people’s behaviors and their socio-economic effects,so as to reduce the cost of social interactions and promote deeper cooperation and winwin outcome among individuals.展开更多
Mathematical teaching and learning of an introductory calculus conception of limit in secondary school before students learn the formal definition of limit in higher education are discussed.In this study,applications ...Mathematical teaching and learning of an introductory calculus conception of limit in secondary school before students learn the formal definition of limit in higher education are discussed.In this study,applications of the theory of instruction based on“Formalizing Introductory Notions(FIN)”(Nagle,2013),in which a theory incorporating new pedagogical approaches was introduced to describe static notions of limit,without ignoring dynamic notions of limit,are presented to help foster an informal limit conception better aligned with the formal definition.A qualitative discourse analysis based on students’utterances,including students’drawing pictures on graphs,was done.In the results of the investigation,it was found that the students’utterances drawings on a graph of the secants(segments)used static notions of limit supported by dynamic notions of limit according to the operating activities.There were learning activities in which students developed a notion of limit as the proximity of the predicted tangent line of a function.Consequently,students’discussions changed focus to the validation of limit candidates with static notions of limit.To overcome the contradiction of their explanations of the operating activities with dynamic notions of limit,the students changed to an explanation with static notions of limit.In light of the findings,this study suggests adapting the pedagogical approach used by the Nagle(2013).展开更多
According to logical relation,a complete English sentence is usually made up by two major parts that are the subject and the predicate,and the subject and the predicate formally have one kind of corresponding relation...According to logical relation,a complete English sentence is usually made up by two major parts that are the subject and the predicate,and the subject and the predicate formally have one kind of corresponding relations in the syntactic constitution.The relation is also called the number concord.Generally speaking,the principle of subject and predicate concord mainly obeys three principles.Here we mainly have a discuss on the principle of Notional Concord.展开更多
Interchange(3rd Ed.) exemplifies a functional-notional syllabus intended to improve learners'language proficiency.Based on functional linguistics theories,the paper focuses on its distinctive features with referen...Interchange(3rd Ed.) exemplifies a functional-notional syllabus intended to improve learners'language proficiency.Based on functional linguistics theories,the paper focuses on its distinctive features with reference to its para-authenticity of input materials,systematically showing the practical use of FNS.展开更多
Notional-functional syllabus is considered as the most popular syllabus among all the structure not simply because it is a semantically based syllabus. It takes the"notion"and"function"as the organ...Notional-functional syllabus is considered as the most popular syllabus among all the structure not simply because it is a semantically based syllabus. It takes the"notion"and"function"as the organizing principles. Organizing principles of syllabus design cannot solely depend on grammatical categories; it should take communicative considerations into account as well.Only by examining its pros and cons comprehensively, can we maximize its utility in our language classes.展开更多
文摘Previous research has implicated the involvement of androgens in sex-role orientation in males, from studies of 2nd to 4th digit ratio (a purported marker of prenatal testosterone). The present pilot study investigates the relationship between salivary testosterone levels and sex-role orientation using Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) scores in adult males. Twenty-one males (aged 18-24) completed the BSRI and provided saliva samples for assay. BSRI Femininity scores were significantly negatively correlated with testosterone levels;the higher the Femininity scores, the lower the testosterone levels. There was no relation of BSRI Masculinity scores with testosterone levels. Our preliminary results add to the research suggesting that sex-role orientation in males may be partially related to underlying hormone levels.
文摘Classical Physics is a branch of Physics that should be described by classical notions, which define emergent phenomena. An Emergent Phenomenon is a property that is a result of simple interactions that work cooperatively to create a more complex interaction. Physically, simple interactions occur at a microscopic level, and the collective result can be observed at a macroscopic level. The developed Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) introduces classical notions, when the very first ensemble of particles was created at the cosmological time π<sub>M</sub> ≅ 10<sup>-18</sup> and become possible to introduce the notion “Medium of the World”. We emphasize that Classical Physics is principally different from Quantum Physics that describes quantum objects, which have four-momenta only. Classical Physics is dealing with ensembles of quantum objects! The present paper discusses the Basic Notions of Classical Physics considering a principally different cosmological model WUM, which is, in fact, a Paradigm Shift for Cosmology. WUM is a natural continuation of Classical Physics, and it can already serve as a basis for a New Cosmology proposed by Paul Dirac in 1937.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China,“The Research on the Philosophical and Economic Basis of Chinese Private Law”(14CFX006)
文摘The pursuit of economic efficiency is the major driver for the birth of contemporary Chinese civil law.Contemporary civil law scholarship has demonstrated a serious concern for efficiency from the very beginning.However,many examples suggest that the notion of economic efficiency is often diluted or replaced by factors like civil law doctrinal scholasticism,moral notions,inertial thinking of the planned economy or the will of the leader.It has not been systematically attended to or expressed in a detailed and precise way in the contemporary civil law scholarship in China,rendering some economic judgments uneconomical.In the 21 st century,it is necessary for the civil law studies to establish a clearer and more precise notion of efficiency,to conduct more direct and accurate evaluations on civil laws’incentives on people’s behaviors and their socio-economic effects,so as to reduce the cost of social interactions and promote deeper cooperation and winwin outcome among individuals.
文摘Mathematical teaching and learning of an introductory calculus conception of limit in secondary school before students learn the formal definition of limit in higher education are discussed.In this study,applications of the theory of instruction based on“Formalizing Introductory Notions(FIN)”(Nagle,2013),in which a theory incorporating new pedagogical approaches was introduced to describe static notions of limit,without ignoring dynamic notions of limit,are presented to help foster an informal limit conception better aligned with the formal definition.A qualitative discourse analysis based on students’utterances,including students’drawing pictures on graphs,was done.In the results of the investigation,it was found that the students’utterances drawings on a graph of the secants(segments)used static notions of limit supported by dynamic notions of limit according to the operating activities.There were learning activities in which students developed a notion of limit as the proximity of the predicted tangent line of a function.Consequently,students’discussions changed focus to the validation of limit candidates with static notions of limit.To overcome the contradiction of their explanations of the operating activities with dynamic notions of limit,the students changed to an explanation with static notions of limit.In light of the findings,this study suggests adapting the pedagogical approach used by the Nagle(2013).
文摘According to logical relation,a complete English sentence is usually made up by two major parts that are the subject and the predicate,and the subject and the predicate formally have one kind of corresponding relations in the syntactic constitution.The relation is also called the number concord.Generally speaking,the principle of subject and predicate concord mainly obeys three principles.Here we mainly have a discuss on the principle of Notional Concord.
文摘Interchange(3rd Ed.) exemplifies a functional-notional syllabus intended to improve learners'language proficiency.Based on functional linguistics theories,the paper focuses on its distinctive features with reference to its para-authenticity of input materials,systematically showing the practical use of FNS.
文摘Notional-functional syllabus is considered as the most popular syllabus among all the structure not simply because it is a semantically based syllabus. It takes the"notion"and"function"as the organizing principles. Organizing principles of syllabus design cannot solely depend on grammatical categories; it should take communicative considerations into account as well.Only by examining its pros and cons comprehensively, can we maximize its utility in our language classes.
