ROCK inhibition as a novel potential strategy for axonal regeneration in optic neuropathies

Optic neuropathies or optic nerve diseases are a frequent cause of permanent vision loss that can occur after inflammation,ischemia,infection,tumors,trauma and/or an elevated pressure inside the eye（also called intraocular pressure or IOP）.

Intracellular sorting pathways of the amyloid precursor protein provide novel neuroprotective strategies

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）is the most common cause of senile dementia.It is characterized by the formation of plaques mainly composed of the amyloid-beta peptide（Aβ）.Diverse lines of evidence support the notion that accumulation of Aβis a primary cause of AD pathogenesis（Huang and Mucke,2012）.Amyloid precusor protein（APP）processing is dependent on its subcelluar trafficking pathway：Aβis derived from APP by proteolyric processing.

A review:Multi-hierarchy design strategy of electrocatalysts for energy molecule conversion

Under the new energy resource structure,electrocatalysts are key materials for the development of proton membrane fuel cells,electrolysis of aquatic hydrogen devices,and carbon dioxide reduction equipment,to address energy shortages and even environmental pollution issues.Although controlling the morphology or doping with heteroatoms for catalyst active centers have accelerated the reaction rate,it is difficult to solve the problems of multiple by-products,and poor stability of catalytic sites.From this,it will be seen that single regulation of metal active centers is difficult to comprehensively solve application problems.Orderly assembly and coordination of catalyst multi-hierarchy structures at the mesoscale above the nanometer level probably be more reasonable strategies,and numerous studies in thermal catalysis have supported this viewpoint.This article reviews the multi-hierarchy design of electrocatalyst active centers,high-energy supports,and peripheral structures in recent years,providing unconventional inspiration about electrocatalyst creation,which perhaps serves as a simple tutorial of electrocatalysis exploration for abecedarian.

Analysis of Epidemic Prevention Strategies of Omicron Variant Abroad

Omicron variant was first found in Botswana, southern Africa, on November 9, 2021. The variant has many mutations and spreads quickly. It also has immune escape to existing COVID-19 vaccines, and the infection rate and repeated infection rate have increased worldwide. For such variant, at this stage, foreign countries mainly adopt three strategies to prevent and control the epidemic. First, big data is used to track the potential infection of the epidemic, trace the spread of the epidemic, screen close contacts, and control the scope of infection. The second is to maximum the coverage rate of vaccination, especially the coverage rate of the third injection, so as to reduce the infection level of Omicron variant. At last, they are developing a general coronavirus vaccine to prevent infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron variant, so as to fundamentally eliminate the potential threat of variants to human beings. In this paper, three major epidemic prevention strategies of Omicron variant abroad were summarized in detail.

凡是锦囊,皆为妙计?——论陀思妥耶夫斯基早中期小说的“信中信”现象

在陀思妥耶夫斯基1870年前的早中期小说如《穷人》《双重人格》《九封信组成的小说》《地下室手记》《罪与罚》《白痴》等中,普遍存在“文中信”“文中文”和“信中信”的形式(本文统称为“信中信”现象)。这些在文体上属于书信的内容,叙事的层级等次不一,功能和效果也不尽相同。它们虽然并非都是提供现成答案的“锦囊妙计”,但确实有利于操控叙事进程:有的是为了设置更多的复杂线索、转移叙事的核心,有的则是为了避开焦点、混淆视听、制造冲突,在故意设置的混乱背景中立体展现主人公的心理和思想。作为套叠叙事、亚文本或次亚文本的“信中信”现象,既是陀思妥耶夫斯基独特的书信体和类书信体书写,也是其小说创作中一种力求创新突破的叙事策略。

“十七年”小说中的历史镜像与修辞策略

作为历史记忆的一种传播媒介,文学对于历史的形塑充满主观性和想象性,因而历史的文学镜像与其本像存在不可避免的差异,这与作家采取的修辞策略密切相关。“十七年”小说中的历史镜像主要使用了四种修辞策略:一是正义化的修辞,作家借助原始正义的伦理诉求,赋予了复仇必然性和正当性;二是仪式化的修辞,作家将斗争看作成长与成熟的关键元素,攻击和受刑是英雄走向成长必经的仪式;三是传奇化的修辞,作家把武力视为英雄必备的杀敌技能,并且对其进行了浪漫传奇的想象与渲染;四是史诗化的修辞,作家对集体战斗进行了史诗化处理,将战场的牺牲都转化成胜利的光辉印记。

Drug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance

Chemotherapy is an effortless and frequently used approach in cancer therapy.However,in most cases,it can only prolong life expectancy and does not guarantee a complete cure.Furthermore,chemotherapy is associated with severe adverse effects,one of the major complications of effective cancer therapy.In addition,newly published research outputs show that cancer stem cells are involved in cancer disease progression,drug resistance,metastasis,and recurrence and that they are functional in the trans-differentiation capacity of cancer stem cells to cancer cells in response to treatments.Novel strategies are therefore required for better management of cancer therapy.The prime approach would be to synthesize and develop novel drugs that need extensive resources,time,and endurance to be brought into therapeutic use.The subsequent approach would be to screen the anti-cancer activity of avail-able non-cancerous drugs.This concept of repurposing non-cancer drugs as an alternative to current cancer therapy has become popular in recent years because using existing anticancer drugs has several adverse effects.Micronutrients have also been investigated for cancer ther-apy due to their significant anti-cancer effects with negligible or no side effects and availabil-ity in food sources.In this paper,we discuss an ideal hypothesis for screening available non-cancerous drugs with anticancer activity,with a focus on cancer stem cells and their clinical application for cancer treatment.Further,drug repurposing and the combination of micronu-trients that can target both cancers and cancer stem cells may result in a better therapeutic approach leading to maximum tumor growth control.

白酒中新菌种资源挖掘及未/难培养微生物培养策略研究

白酒酿造历史悠久,是蒸馏酒的典型代表,其酿造工艺已成为我国传统文化的重要组成部分。白酒固态发酵工艺中,多种微生物及其演替互作使白酒风味具备丰富性和独特性。微生物菌种作为白酒酿造的核心关键资源,发挥产生物酶、风味物质、健康因子等多种功能。目前白酒酿造特殊生境中绝大部分微生物仍处在未/难培养状态,新菌种资源的挖掘还处于起步阶段。该文总结了白酒酿造生境中分离的新菌种资源挖掘及其功能研发进展,梳理了白酒酿造过程中新菌种及未/难培养微生物的培养策略,为白酒酿造的微生态调控和微生物组重构研究提供技术支撑。

基于动态偏置分配PD-PWM的变桥臂换流器子单元电容均压策略

变桥臂多电平变流拓扑(A2MC)是一类采用全桥子单元级联结构和IGBT串联型导向开关结构相结合的新型多电平变流器拓扑。针对其全桥子单元级联结构电容电压均衡的问题,提出了一种新型简单有效的PD-PWM桥臂调制方法。与传统的调制策略相比,该调制方法更容易实现,具备更好的动态特性,并且大幅降低计算时间,该调制策略在各类全桥子单元级联结构中具备强可移植性。仿真和实验结果验证了这种新型调制策略的简单性和有效性。

Vascular Calcification:Where is the Cure?

With the progress of aging,the incidence of vascular calcification(VC)gradually increases,which is correlated with cardiovascular events and all-cause death,aggravating global clinical burden.Over the past several decades,accumulating approaches targeting the underlying pathogenesis of VC have provided some possibilities for the treatment of VC.Unfortunately,none of the current interventions have achieved clinical effectiveness on reversing or curing VC.The purpose of this review is to make a summary of novel perspectives on the interventions of VC and provide reference for clinical decision-making.

基于NACS-PSO算法的光伏系统MPPT控制研究

对于局部遮阴下的光伏阵列,传统的最大功率点跟踪算法收敛速度慢、精度差、功率波动大且容易陷入局部最优。为此,提出一种基于新型自适应布谷鸟算法与粒子群算法相结合的复合算法。该方法在布谷鸟算法中引入自适应发现概率和自适应莱维飞行步长控制因子,同时加入对立种群策略,以提高算法收敛速度和全局寻优能力。在算法前期,用粒子群算法全局搜索快速找到全局最大功率点附近,后期用新型自适应布谷鸟算法在局部范围内精准寻优,以快速、准确和稳定地跟踪到全局最大功率点。仿真结果表明,本文提出的算法在四种光照模式下的收敛时间和跟踪误差分别为0.106s和0.012%、0.108s和0.034%、0.110s和0.059%、0.106s和0.031%,均优于其他算法,验证了本文算法在六种对比算法中,收敛速度最快、跟踪精度最高、功率波动最小、陷入局部最优的可能性最小。

基于MI和EC的新型配电系统源荷监测协调策略

为了高效协调新型配电系统电源和负荷功率平衡,提出了一种基于多元信息和边缘计算的源荷功率监测协调策略。首先,分析了新型配电系统的特点和网格划分方法、协调其内部电源和负荷功率所涉及的多元信息构成;其次,通过在网格内部署具备边缘计算功能的智能终端,给出了前端智能终端和后端监控系统相互配合协调网格内源荷功率平衡的策略,设计了多元信息监测通信方案;最后,选取相关设备对所给策略进行了试验验证,并与传统配电网系统源荷协调策略进行了对比。结果表明:将复杂的新型配电系统进行网格划分,能够利用前端智能终端在1 s内、后端监控系统在10 s内协调网格内源荷功率平衡;网格内电能损耗使后端监控系统协调时间的变化值小于0.5 s、对前端协调策略的影响可以忽略不计;将不同协调手段相结合,具有协调时间短、难度低的优势。所给策略解决了传统配电系统以系统整体进行集中协调源荷功率时信息采集、计算量大和延时长的问题,能够提高源荷协调的效率和可靠性,对快速实现系统整体源荷功率平衡、保障其稳定运行具有重要的参考价值。

叶广芩儿童小说论

叶广芩是当今文坛最具影响力的女作家之一,她以家族小说引起文坛关注,后以生态、反战题材广受学界青睐。近来她的儿童小说“耗子丫丫三部曲”一经发表便引发热议。叶广芩的儿童小说以爱、顽童和自然为主题,立足童年生活和儿童视角,运用雅俗共赏的叙事语言,巧设穿插和逆时序等叙事手法,具有丰富的教育意义与重塑文化记忆的文学价值。

书信体小说的英汉翻译策略研究——以《查令十字街84号》为例

以《查令十字街84号》为例,分析书信体小说的发展历程,研究书信体小说的特点和功能。运用语义翻译和交际翻译视角下的直译、增译、意译等翻译策略理论,分析海莲·汉芙小说的人物性格,探究书信体小说翻译的具体方法,对书信体小说鉴赏和翻译具有重要的参考意义。

肿瘤可塑性与药物治疗抵抗

药物治疗抵抗在临床实践中成为肿瘤治疗失败的主因。最近的研究指出,肿瘤细胞的耐药性可能源于其内部高度的细胞异质性,而这种异质性的基础则是肿瘤可塑性。肿瘤细胞可塑性可能引发一系列反应,包括对治疗的耐药性发展、免疫系统逃逸以及对周围组织和血管系统的侵袭和转移等。本文简要介绍肿瘤细胞可塑性的表现形式以及其在药物治疗抵抗的非遗传适应性机制与靶向治疗新策略。

论曹文轩成长小说中的少年形象及其叙事策略——以“成长三部曲”为例

曹文轩的儿童小说创作聚焦儿童成长,其中《草房子》《红瓦》《根鸟》被称为“成长三部曲”;“成长三部曲”中,塑造了桑桑、陆鹤、杜小康、林冰、根鸟等形象鲜明、性格独特的少年人物。曹文轩以儿童本位视角,运用如诗如画的叙事语言和灵活多变的叙事结构,塑造了成长中直面苦难、克服孤独、战胜自我,在困境中满怀悲悯、不断成长,实现自我蜕变的少年形象。

基于改进模糊神经网络的细胞活性预测

针对细胞活性的预测问题,提出了一种利用自适应差分进化算法优化的模糊神经网络(ADE-FNN)预测模型。首先,通过模糊化处理细胞培养过程中的多种影响因素(如培养基成分、温度、pH值等),将这些因素作为模糊神经网络的输入。然后,利用已有的细胞活性数据对模型进行训练,优化网络参数。经过多次迭代和调整,模型逐渐学习到输入与输出之间的复杂映射关系。最后,利用细胞活性仿真实验验证所提ADE-FNN算法的性能。结果表明,基于模糊神经网络的细胞活性预测模型具有较高的预测精度和泛化能力。与传统的统计方法相比,该模型能够更好地处理数据中的不确定性和噪声,从而提供更准确的预测结果。此外,该模型还具有较好的可解释性,有助于深入理解细胞活性的影响因素及其作用机制。

Novel therapies targeting hypoxia mechanism to treat pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer(PC)is one of the deadliest malignancies.The high mortality rate of PC largely results from delayed diagnosis and early metastasis.Therefore,identifying novel treatment targets for patients with PC is urgently required to improve survival rates.A major barrier to successful treatment of PC is the presence of a hypoxic tumor microenvironment,which is associated with poor prognosis,treatment resistance,increased invasion and metastasis.Recent studies have identified a number of novel molecules and pathways in PC cells that promote cancer cells progression under hypoxic conditions,which may provide new therapy strategies to inhibit the development and metastasis of PC.This review summarizes the latest research of hypoxia in PC and provides an overview of how the current therapies have the capacity to overcome hypoxia and improve PC patient treatment.These findings will eventually provide guidance for future PC management and clinical trials and hopefully improve the survival of patients with PC.

A stochastic reconstruction strategy based on a stratified library of structural descriptors and its application in the molecular reconstruction of naphtha

Molecular reconstruction is a rapid and reliable way to provide molecular detail of petroleum fractions,which is required in the kinetic modeling of petroleum conversation processes at the molecular level.In the typical stochastic reconstruction method,the estimation of properties of pseudo molecules that are generated by Monte Carlo sampling depends on the building of predefined molecular libraries,which is expensive and inaccessible for certain petroleum fractions.In this paper,a novel stochastic reconstruction strategy is proposed,which is based on a stratified library of structural descriptors.Properties of pseudo molecules generated in the novel strategy can be directly estimated by group contribution method in the condition of lacking predefined molecular libraries.In this strategy,the molecular building diagram comprises two steps.First,the ring structure is configured by determining the number of rings.Different from the length of chain adopted in the traditional stochastic reconstruction method,in the second step,number of structural descriptors(SDs)for binding site and chain were determined sequentially for the configuration of binding site and saturated acyclic hydrocarbon chain.These structural descriptors for binding site and chain were selected from group contribution methods.To count the number of partial overlapping sections between structural descriptors for chain,two supplementary structural descriptors were created.All possible saturated structures of hydrocarbon chains can be represented by structural descriptors at the scale of property estimation.This strategy separates the building of a predefined molecule library from the stochastic reconstruction process.The exact structures of pseudo molecules represented by structural descriptors in this work can be determined with sufficient chemical knowledge.Fifty naphtha samples are tested independently to demonstrate the performance of the proposed strategy and the results show that the estimated properties were close enough to the experimental values.This strategy will benefit the molecular management of petrochemical industries and therefore improve economic and environmental efficiencies.

我国生命科学及医学新型研发机构优化建设策略研究

新型研发机构是我国科技创新的重要组织形式,生命科学及医学新型研发机构面向人民生命健康,在推动生命健康及医学发展、形成多元创新主体、构建要素活跃的创新生态方面发挥了重要作用,但其建设仍处于探索阶段,亟需优化建设策略,形成稳健的可持续发展能力。本文运用政策研究、实地调查、案例研究和专家咨询等方法,梳理我国新型研发机构的政策推动与探索实践进展,分析国外类似研发机构的建设模式和运行机制,总结我国生命科学及医学新型研发机构发展面临的挑战。在此基础上,提出了我国生命科学及医学新型研发机构优化建设的策略,涵盖构建多元稳定的筹资机制、建立差异化竞争发展路径、完善优秀人才吸纳培育机制、持续创新科研组织形式、充分用好成果转化机制优势、重视提升机构学术影响力等6个方面,以更好推动生命科学及医学新型研发机构高质量发展,助力国家科技自立自强。