Planning of Small Cities and Towns in Northwest China Based on New Urbanization Concepts

Construction and development of small cities and towns is signifi cant for promoting economic and social development,and solving issues concerning "agriculture,rural areas and peasants". In view of the rapid development of small cities and towns,confl icts and problems in the planning and construction of the small cities and towns in northwest China have emerged and brought negative infl uence on their healthy and sustainable development. On the basis of analyzing scientifi c connotations and construction needs of new urbanization,development of northwest China,and reviews on planning of small cities and towns in this region,planning paths against the background of new urbanization were explored.

Problems in the Development of Small Cities and Towns in West China and Countermeasures: A Case Study of Luzhou City, Sichuan Province

New urbanization targets at coordinated urban-rural development, and construction of ecological and livable environment, it is the foundation for breaking urban-rural dual structure of China and promoting the agricultural modernization. Small cities and towns as carriers of new urbanization have already become important paths of realizing new urbanization and solving problems concerning 300 million peasants in China. Considering the requirements of new urbanization, this paper took Luzhou City in Sichuan Province for example to explore development path suitable for small cities and towns in west China and gave pertinent suggestions.

Full scale application of combined SBF-AS process for municipal wastewater treatment in small towns and cities in China

The combined submerged biofilm （ SBF）-activated sludge （AS） process for treatment of municipal wastewater in a small city in China is described in this paper. The process exhibited high removal efficiencies for carbonaceous substances, nitrogen and phosphorus which mainly took place in the combined SBF-AS biore- actor. The SBF-AS bioreactor was divided into pre-anoxic, anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones from inlet to outlet, in which fixed biofilm carriers were packed. Excellent performance had been obtained under normal operating conditions in more than one year of operation in Dong＇ e municipal WWTP, Shandong province, with mean removal efficiencies of BOD5 93.4%, COD 88%, SS 92%, NH4 - N 82. 1%, TP 75% and TN 66.7%, and quite high effluent quality such as BOD5 6 to 10 rag/L, COD 20 to 40 rag/L, SS 5 to 10 rag/L, TN 10 to 20 rag/L, NH4 - N 4 to 8 mg/L and TP 0. 6 to 1.0 mg/L. The effluent was reused multi-purposely, such as toilet flushing, green belt watering and artificial lake pounding. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification took place due to the DO gradient in biofilm in aerobic zone of the SBF-AS bioreactor, which made TN removal efficiency improved remarkably in system. Some activated sludge was returned from final clarifiers to the bioreactor for phosphorus removal. The process had the advantages of low investment and low operational/ maintenance （O/M） costs, low sludge yield and was preferably employed in small towns and cities.

Comprehensive Reform and Construction of Small Towns:A Case Study of Ningde City

Taking Ningde City as an example,this paper analyzed current situations of construction and comprehensive reform of small towns.It further discussed existing problems and causes in the construction and comprehensive reform of small towns.Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations,in the hope of providing some valuable references for construction and comprehensive reform of small towns in Ningde City.

Study on Landscape Character Assessment System in Small Cities and Towns

The paper elaborated landscape character assessment system of small cities and towns, defi ned the assessment objects, application range of assessment fruits, specifi c evaluation methods and procedures. Taking Gexianshan Town in Pengzhou City for example, technical means for assessing landscape characters were adopted for the landscape assessment, which provided professional support for the future planning.

Small Town Construction in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period: A Case Study of Shangrao City

The 12 th Five-Year Plan period was unusual five years in the development of China. Under the dual pressure of complex international environment and arduous domestic reform task,China made outstanding achievements in economic development,which lays a solid foundation for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the 13 th Five-Year Plan period. The key and difficult points of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects lie in solving issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas. The 18 th National Congress of the CPC stated that integrated urban and rural development is the fundamental approach for solving issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas. As a transitional form from rural areas to urban areas,small town play an important role in integrated urban and rural development. In the 13 th Five-Year Plan period,China should take a new road of characteristic urbanization,energetically develop key towns,central towns,and characteristic towns,use points to drive areas,and promote coordinated progress of urbanization construction and new countryside construction. Focusing on the objective of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and taking Shangrao City as an example,we analyzed construction of small town,in order to provide scientific theoretical reference for urbanization development,plan preparation,and policy formulation of Shangrao City.

POPULATION EXPANSION IN CHINA'S METROPOLISES AND ITS SCALE-CONTROL

Metropolises are centers of politics, economy, culture and information, and also economic growth poles in comparatively large areas. After 1949, China’s urban structure have changed greatly, from original 'pyramid' shape into 'upside -down pyramid' shape, that is, more megalopolises and metropolises, fewer medium-sized and small cities. The most distinguishing feature of urban population growth was the remarkable increase of population in megalopolises and metropolises. The key reason for urban population expansion is to want to obtain the benefits of scale -agglomeration economy of metropolises. The number of urban functions directly determines the quality and quantity of urban population. Metropolises appeal not only agricultural population but also the population of medium-sized and small cities, which put much more population pressure on metropolises. The ideal goals of scale-control of metropolitan population are discussed in terms of economy, society and ecollogy. In order to control the

基于GIS技术的山地小城镇雨洪灾害风险评估

在快速城镇化和工业化背景下,城市的自然灾害风险日益暴露,尤其是雨洪灾害问题日益突出。针对巩义市近年来不断发生的洪涝灾害,基于自然灾害风险评估理论,构建以致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境孕险性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力为评价因子的雨洪灾害风险模型,共选取14个指标进行定量分析,运用SCS模型和GIS空间分析功能,最终得出巩义市雨洪灾害综合风险区划图。结果表明:巩义市米河镇、回郭镇、芝田镇、孝义街道等地区致灾因子危险性较大;北部、西部和东部包括河洛镇、孝义街道、回郭镇、芝田镇、米河镇等孕灾环境孕险性较高;西部和中部承灾体易损性较大,包括回郭镇、芝田镇、站街镇等;北部整体防灾减灾能力较强,包括站街镇、紫荆路街道等地区。综合来说,巩义市雨洪灾害总体风险等级较高,高风险区主要分布在中部偏北和西部,呈带状分布。

城市更新视角下经济欠发达小城市棚户区改造模式探索——以唐山市曹妃甸区唐海镇为例

我国城市正逐步从“增量开发”为主转变为“增存并举”的发展模式,城市更新成为国家战略,棚户区改造亦成为城市更新的重要内容之一。近年来,大拆大建的改造模式越发难以为继,特别是对于发展动力不足的小城市,棚户区改造的理念、模式均需转型。在研究分析目前棚户区改造的四种主要模式的基础上,文章以唐山市曹妃甸区唐海镇为例,对经济欠发达小城市棚户区改造的主要困境进行分析,提出建议,希望能为其他类似地区提供借鉴。

不同城镇化发展阶段的小城镇建设政策制定与实施比较分析——基于江苏两市的经验研究

政策对推动小城镇建设发展具有重要作用,进而直接影响着县域城镇体系的基本构成与县域城镇化的发展水平。本文选取江苏省徐州市、苏州市两个不同城镇化发展阶段的典型地区为研究对象,构建包括政策目标、政策举措和政策实施等维度的小城镇建设政策制定实施全过程比较分析框架,结合长达10年以上的徐州“中心镇创建”和苏州“美丽城镇建设”行动及相关系列政策,开展详细的政策比较分析。总结出小城镇建设政策的共性逻辑是以空间治理为切入点、以“人”“地”“钱”政策为工具箱、以持续渐进为实施机制;同时,不同城镇化发展阶段地区由于发展目标和现实基础的差异,重点在政策组合投放力度和实施路径上有所差异;未来,小城镇建设政策需在新时代的强统筹、紧约束、高质量发展等语境下不断创新优化,才能进一步有效推动自身及县域的发展。

特色小城镇视角下建筑立面色彩应用策略研究——以董市镇“擦亮小城镇”项目为例

当前,城镇发展由追求效率的增量型发展向注重品质的存量型发展转变,城镇风貌越来越受到重视。在城镇快速发展过程中,城镇建筑立面色彩应用不当导致城镇色彩秩序混乱,以致城镇色彩特色风貌消退,影响城镇风貌的问题还大量存在,故对影响城镇风貌的建筑立面色彩应用策略的研究显得尤为重要。文章基于特色小城镇视角,分析董市镇主要街道沿街建筑立面的色彩问题,结合董市镇自然和人文特色,以立足城镇整体规划、结合特色产业色彩、汲取文化遗产色彩、响应城镇居民色彩需求为指导原则,开展特色小城镇视角下建筑立面色彩应用策略研究,为提升小城镇的人居环境品质和营建城镇特色风貌提供设计实践指导。

面向品质提升的小城镇城市更新规划研究——以海南省万宁市中心城区为例

存量发展背景下,城市更新是盘活城市发展空间的主要手段,是城市品质提升的重要途径,其最终目的是实现城市的高质量发展。本文基于城市品质的概念内涵和城市更新的现实需求,构建包括生态环境品质、居住空间品质、交通出行品质、安全韧性品质四个维度的城市品质提升理论框架,并以万宁市中心城区城市更新综合规划为例,通过分析城市更新的现实困境,提出面向城市品质提升的小城镇城市更新规划策略,以期为我国小城镇城市更新的高质量发展提供参考借鉴。

小城镇街道设计评价与更新策略研究——以枝江市董市镇为例

小城镇是新型城镇化发展中的重要组成部分,小城镇街道是市民日常生活的重要载体。街道设计导则是对多要素、多管理模式的街道空间的有效统一路径。通过解读国内外街道设计导则主要内容及设计要素,梳理出适合小城镇街道更新中的设计要点,构建评价模型。文章以枝江市董市镇为研究对象,通过李克特量表法量化设计评价,总结现状问题,从搭建街道反馈机制及营造和谐人居环境方面提出街道更新策略,旨在为改善城镇街道空间品质、实现居民美好生活愿景提供理论借鉴。

小城镇建设与土地利用问题及对策——以南京市为例

小城镇建设是社会各界关注的热点 ,其中一个核心问题就是土地利用问题。本文分析了小城镇建设对土地集约利用的正负面影响。以南京市为例 ,提出了小城镇发展过程中的诸多问题 。

一体化多级生物膜反应器处理高氮小城镇污水脱氮试验研究

采用新型一体化多级生物膜反应器处理高氮小城镇污水,在反应器中实现了高效的同步硝化反硝化脱氮,同时采用多点进水方式解决了脱氮低碳源问题.试验结果表明,在温度20℃,有机负荷(COD)为0.85kg·m-·3d-1、氮负荷为0.27kg·m-·3d-1、HRT为9h、分点进水条件下,可使进水COD为320mg·L-1,TN为97mg·L-1,NH4+-N为84mg·L-1左右的高氮城镇污水,出水COD、TN、NH4+-N分别为16mg·L-1、19.1mg·L-1、6.86mg·L-1,达到国家一级排放B标准.

中国东部地区大城市和小城镇极端温度及日较差变化对比分析

利用中国东部地区1961-2000年61个大城市站点和169个小城镇站点的逐日最高、最低温度资料，对比分析了大城市和小城镇的最高、最低温度和日较差极端值以及相对极端值变化特征。结果表明：大城市最高、最低温度的极端值均高于小城镇。二者最高温度的极端最大值在90年代后显著升高，极端最小值40年来均显著增加；二者最低温度的极端值也随时间明显升高。在所分析时段，大城市和小城镇暖日和暖夜天数均显示出增多趋势；二者冷日和冷夜天数均呈现下降趋势。就总体而言，大城市暖日、暖夜、冷日、冷夜天数均多于小城镇。大城市日较差的极端值均比小城镇小，并且二者均有显著的下降趋势；大城市和小城镇相对较长日较差（日较差超过第95个百分位数）出现的天数显著下降，但相对较短日较差（日较差低于第5个百分位数）出现的天数明显上升。

小城镇土地定级及其成果应用探讨

随着乡镇企业和地方经济的发展,小城镇各种土地交易案例已大量出现,客观上提出了小城镇土地定级的必要性。但小城镇土地定级具有不同于大中城市的特点,文中从实际出发探讨了小城镇土地定级的的理论和方法,并以莒南县城区为例讨论了小城镇土地级别规律,分析了土地定级结果在促进小城镇土地合理利用中的应用。

基于贝叶斯随机评价方法的小城镇灾害易损性分析

为了准确评价小城镇灾害易损性所处的状态,进而为制定小城镇防灾减灾规划提供科学依据,提出了基于贝叶斯公式的小城镇灾害易损性随机评价方法。该方法通过计算小城镇灾害易损性单个指标属于某个评价级别的概率,由最大似然分类原则确定单个易损性指标的评价级别,进而采用最大加权概率原则推求其综合评价级别。通过实例计算分析,并与模糊评估方法、可拓物元评价方法进行比较验证,说明了该方法的可行性及其简单、实用的特点。

大中小城市及小城镇居民基本公共服务满意度比较研究

对大中小城市和小城镇居民公共服务满意度进行调查研究后发现,我国城镇居民对公共服务的总体满意度偏低,其中大中城市居民对公共服务的总体满意度要明显低于小城市和小城镇居民,小城市居民对公共服务的总体满意度相对最高。但是,简单笼统地认为大中城市公共服务水平高于小城市和小城镇的观点并不完全符合现实,为了提升我国城镇居民的公共服务满意度水平,对大中小城市和小城镇的公共服务建设必须各有侧重。

大都市边缘区小城镇整合发展模式研究——以吴江东部临沪地区为例

位于上海大都市边缘的吴江东部地区是一个典型的小城镇群,这一地区具有区位双重性、经济高速发展、空间本底碎化、生态环境脆弱、水乡文化多元化等特点。文章首先分析了小城镇群分散发展过程中产生的一系列问题,这些问题涉及到该区的行政区划、生态环境、社会经济、城市化与文化等方面。然后,基于吴江东部地区的区位优势,以该区行政区划调整的良好契机为背景,针对已经产生的问题,提出了基于区域重新定位和空间整合规划的小城镇整合发展模式,主要从“产业集群”的经济发展模式、“二次集聚”的城市化发展模式、“新水乡文化”的文脉传承模式对该区今后的发展提供了新的思路。