Influence of edaravone on Notch1 and nuclear factor-kappaB in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

BACKGROUND： It has been demonstrated that edaravone has a a neuroprotective role, inhibits free radical increase, and reduces celt apoptosis. The Notch pathway is a key factor in neurogenesis and cellular apoptosis The proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-κB） plays an important role in inflammation and oxidation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of edaravone on Notchl and NF-κB mRNA and protein expression in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This randomized controlled neural and molecular biology experiment was performed at the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology between July 2007 and May 2008. MATERIALS： Thirty female Wistar rats were used. Edaravone was purchased from Jiangsu Xiansheng Pharmaceutical Limited Company, China. METHODS： Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups （n = 6）. Thread was inserted into the internal carotid artery of the sham operation group but the middle cerebral artery was not ligated. A focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was established by inserting thread into the right middle cerebral artery. The model rats in the edaravone groups were given tail vein injections of edaravone at 3 mg/kg body weight after ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 12 or 24 hours. Ischemia/reperfusion groups （model group） received intravenous infusion of normal saline at the same volume as the edaravone groups after ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 12 or 24 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The volume of the ischemic region was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Notchl and NF-κB protein and mRNA expression were measured by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Protein expression was represented by the absorbance value. RESULTS： Edaravone greatly reduced the focal infarct volume. Notchl and NF-κB protein and mRNA expression were rapidly upregulated following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in model and edaravone groups compared with the sham operation group （P 〈 0.01 ）. In addition, edaravone treatment significantly upregulated Notchl expression but down-regulated NF-κB expression compared with model groups （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Edaravone possibly protects brain tissue from ischemia/reperfusion injury by upregulating Notchl expression and regulating NF-κB expression.

Interon-gamma Enhances the Antitumor Effect of All-trans Retinoic Acid on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inhibiting the Expression of Nuclear Factor-kappaB

Objective： To explore the combination effects of all-trans retinoic acid （ATRA） with interferon-gamma （IFN-γ） on human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 and the mechanism of action. Methods： SMMC-7721 cells were divided into treated group and control group. The cells were treated with ATRA or ATRA＋ IFN-γ in the former and added with PBS in the latter. The inhibition rate of SMMC-7721 cell proliferation was detected by MTT, the cell change in morphology was observed by electron microscope. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the expression changes of nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-κB） was analyzed by Western blotting when the SMMC-7721 cells were treated with ATRA and IFN-γ. Results： The SMMC-7721 cell proliferation was suppressed and apoptosis was induced after the cells were treated with ATRA treatment, and these effects were enhanced when ATRA was combined with IFN-γ. The expression of NF-κB was reduced after SMMC-7721 cell was treated with ATRA, and reduced significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of ATRA and IFN-γ. Conclusion： IFN-γ can enhance the inhibiting effects of ATRA on cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis on SMMC-7721 cell and these effects might be mediated by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB.

Fruits extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb.suppresses lipopolysaccharide—stimulated inflammatory responses through nuclear factor—kappaB pathway in Raw 264.7 cells

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and the action mechanism of the fruits of Horenia dulcis(H.dulcis) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced mouse macrophage Raw 264.7cells.Methods:The extract of H.dulcis fruits(EHDF) were extracted with 70%ethanol.Mouse macrophages were treated with different concentrations of EHDF in the presence and absence of LPS(1 μg/mL).To demonstrate the inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide,inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 expression levels were analyzed by usingin vitro assay systems.COX-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 β.tumor necrosis factor- α and prostaglandin F_2 were determined using ELISA kits.Cell viability,heme oxygenase-1 expression,nuclear factor-kappaB and nuclear factor F.2-related factors 2 translocation were also investigated.Results:EHDF potently inhibited the LPS-stimulated nitric oxide,inducible nitric oxide synthase.COX-2,interleukin-1 β and tumor necrosis factor- α expression in a dose-dependent manner.EHDF suppressed the phosphorylation of inhibited kappaB-alpha and p65 nuclear translocation.Treatment of macrophage cells with EHDF alone induced the heme oxygenase-1 and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-reIated factor 2.Conclusions:These results suggest that the ethanol extract of H.dulcis fruit exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting inhibited kappaBalpha phorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB.

苦豆碱通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路改善香烟烟雾诱导的人支气管上皮细胞损伤

目的探究苦豆碱(Alo)对香烟烟雾诱导的人支气管上皮细胞损伤的作用及其可能的作用机制。方法16HBE人支气管上皮细胞经100 mL/L香烟烟雾提取物(CSE)和(50、100、200)μmol/L Alo共处理后,CCK-8法检测细胞活力,试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性;原位末端转移酶标记技术(TUNEL)、Western blot法检测细胞凋亡,ELISA检测炎性因子水平;2′,7′-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)荧光探针和相关试剂盒检测氧化应激水平;Western blot法检测Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子κB(NF-κB)/含pyrin结构域核苷酸结合寡聚结构域样受体家族蛋白3(NLRP3)通路相关蛋白表达水平。16HBE细胞经100 mL/L CSE和200μmol/L Alo共处理后,采用上述方法检测过表达TLR4对TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路、细胞LDH活性、凋亡、炎症反应及氧化应激的影响。结果CSE暴露可降低16HBE细胞活力,增加LDH释放和细胞凋亡,增强炎症反应和氧化应激水平,且激活TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路;经Alo处理后,细胞活性升高,LDH释放减少、凋亡降低、炎症减轻、氧化应激水平下降,且TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路失活;TLR4过表达可逆转Alo处理对CSE诱导的16HBE细胞损伤的保护作用。结论Alo可通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路减轻CSE诱导的人支气管上皮细胞损伤。

Role of Nuclear Factor kappaB in Intestine Injury Induced by Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion

Summary: The role of nuclear factor kappaB in intestine injury induced by hepatic ischemia reperfusion was investigated. Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: sham operation group (group A), hepatic ischemia reperfusion group (group B) and hepatic ischemia reperfusion plus pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group (group C). The rats in group A were only subjected to laparotomy, those in group B underwent partial hepatic ischemia reperfusion (ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h) and those in group C underwent the same procedure as that of group B but received PDTC 200 mg/kg i.v. before and after ischemia. After reperfusion, tissues of jejunum and venous blood were obtained for measurement of TNF-α, MDA and MPO. The levels of TNF-α in jejunum and venous blood, the levels of MPO in jejunum in group B were significantly higher than those in group A and group C (P<0.05). There was no significant different in the levels of MDA between group B and group C. The severity of histological intestinal injury in group B and group C was similar. Hepatic ischemia reperfusion caused intestine injury, NF-kappaB may play an important role in this course and the targeting of upstream components of the inflammatory response, such as NF-kappaB, may have important therapeutic applications.

Effect of Nuclear Factor-κB on Airway Remodeling in Asthmatic Rats

In order to investigate the effect of nuclear factor κB (NF κB) on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, 18 Wistar rats were divided into three groups: asthmatic group; pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group, in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with NF κB specific inhibitor PDTC (100 mg/kg) before ovalbumin (OVA) challenge; control group. The NF κB activity and the expression of inhibitory protein κBα (I κBα) in airway were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), Western blot and immunohistochemistry respectively. The infiltration of inflammatory cells, the number of Goblet cells, the area of collagen and smooth muscle in airway were measured by means of image analysis system. The results showed that with the up regulation of airway NF κB activity in asthmatic group, the number of goblet cells (3.08±0.86/100 μm basement membrane (BM)), the area of collagen (24.71±4.24 μm 2/μm BM) and smooth muscle (13.81±2.11 μm 2/μm BM) in airway were significantly increased ( P <0.05) as compared with control group (0.14±0.05/100 μm BM, 14.31 ±3.16 μm 2/μm BM and 7.67±2.35 μm 2/μm BM respectively) and PDTC group (0.33±0.14/100 μm BM, 18.16±2.85 μm 2/μm BM and 8.95±2.16 μm 2/μm BM respectively). However, there was no significant difference between PDTC group and control group ( P >0.05). It was concluded that the activity of NF κB is increased in airway of asthmatic rats. Inhibition of NF κB activation can attenuate constructional changes in asthma airway, suggesting NF κB may contribute to asthmatic airway remodeling.

Effects of L-3-n-butylphthalide on caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-B expression in primary basal forebrain and hippocampal cultures after beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 treatment

BACKGROUND： L-3-n-butylphthalide （L-NBP） can inhibit phosphorylation of tau protein and reduce the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 （Aβ1-42）. OBJECTIVE： To observe the neuroprotective effects of L-NBP on caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-B （NF- K B） expression in a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University between January 2008 and August 2008. MATERIALS： L-NBP （purity 〉 98%） was provided by Shijiazhuang Pharma Group NBP Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Aβ1-42, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolo-2]-2,5 iphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT）, and rabbit anti-Caspase-3 polyclonal antibody were provided by Cell Signaling, USA; goat anti-choactase and rabbit anti-NF- kB antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz, USA. METHODS： Primary cultures were generated from rat basal forebrain and hippocampal neurons at 17 or 19 days of gestation. The cells were assigned into five groups： the control group, the Aβ1-42 group （2 μmol/L）, the Aβ1-42 ＋ 0.1 μmol/L L-NBP group, the Aβ1-42 ＋ 1 μ mol/L L-NBP group, and the Aβ1-42 ＋ 10μmol/L L-NBP group. The neurons were treated with Aβ1-42 （2 μmol/L） alone or in combination with L-NBP （0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L） for 48 hours. Cells in the control group were incubated in PBS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Morphologic changes were evaluated using inverted microscopy, viability using the M-I-I- method, and the changes in caspase-3 and NF- k B expression using Western blot. RESULTS： Induction with Aβ1-42 for 48 hours caused cell death and soma atrophy, and increased caspase-3 and NF- K B expression （P 〈 0.05）. L-NBP blocked these changes in cell morphology, decreased caspase-3 and NF- k B expression （P 〈 0.05）, and improved cell viability, especially at the high dose （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： AI3^-42 is toxic to basal forebrain and hippocampal primary neurons; L-NBP protects against this toxicity and inhibits the induction of caspase-3 and NF- K B expression.

Inhibitory Activity of Nuclear Factor-κB Potentiates Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis in A549 Cells

Whether inhibiting the activity of nuclear factor （NF）-κB potentiates cisplatin-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cell line A549 cells was investigated. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1（＋）/IκBα expressing IκBα was constructed. The in vitro cultured A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1 （＋）/IκBα alone, or pcDNA3.1（＋）/IκBα combined with cisplatin. The mitochondrial membrane potential （△ψm） was determined by rhodamine 123, the activity of caspase-3 was tested by colorimetric assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with the annexin V/propidium iodide assay. The results showed that the activity of NF-κB in A549 cells was inhibited by transfecting pcDNA3.1（＋）/IκBα. Transfection of pcDNA3.1（＋）/IκBα alone did not promote apoptosis. Treatment of cisplatin alone had a little effect on cell apoptosis. Transfection of pcDNA3.1（＋）/IκBα combined with cisplatin treatment significantly induced apoptosis of A549 ceils. It was concluded that inhibiting the activity of NF-κB potentiated cisplatin-induced apoptosis of A549 cells.

TLR4/NF-κB p65高表达对皮肤鳞状细胞癌增殖、侵袭和转移的影响

目的探讨与分析Toll样受体4(Toll-like recepTor 4,TLR4)/核因子KappaB(NF-κB)p65高表达对皮肤鳞状细胞癌增殖、侵袭和转移的影响。方法对数生长期的人皮肤鳞状细胞癌A431细胞株分为三组,空白组、对照组与实验组,分别转染DMEM培养基、pc3.0空载体、pc3.0-TLR4NF-κB p65载体,检测皮肤鳞状细胞癌增殖、侵袭和转移表达情况。结果转染24 h、48 h后,实验组的TLR4、NF-κB p65 RNA表达水平显著高于空白组与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),空白组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组的细胞增殖指数显著低于空白组与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组的细胞侵袭指数与细胞转移指数都明显低于空白组与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组的Caspase-9/Myc蛋白表达水平显著高于空白组与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),空白组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TLR4/NF-κB p65高表达能抑制皮肤鳞状细胞癌细胞的增殖、转移与侵袭,也可促进Caspase-9/Myc蛋白的表达,从而发挥促进肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用。

猪NF-kappaB p65/p50基因克隆、序列鉴定及实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

NF-κB信号通路在病毒感染、免疫损伤性疾病、肿瘤疾病中发挥重要作用,其活化水平常作为机体免疫应答水平、疾病发展进程的检测指标。为获得猪NF-κB p65/p50基因序列特征并建立体外定量检测其表达水平的实时荧光定量PCR方法,作者对猪NF-κB p65ORF和成熟p50编码区进行RT-PCR扩增、克隆、测序及生物信息学分析;设计特异性荧光定量引物,建立检测p65、p50实时荧光定量PCR方法。结果显示:所扩增的猪NF-κB p65ORF长1 662bp,编码553aa,成熟p50编码区长1 653bp,编码551aa;与不同动物的p65、p50序列相似性均较高;56.5%p65位于细胞核内,78.3%p50存在于细胞质中,p65、p50均无信号肽及跨膜区。荧光定量结果表明:起始模板与Ct值之间线性关系好,相关系数达到0.999,扩增效率均在95%左右;敏感性高,初始模板的检出下限达到101 copies.μL-1;特异性强,扩增产物形成单一的特异性熔解峰;重复性好,组内变异系数均小于5‰。本试验为进一步研究猪NF-κB p65/p50生物学功能及其在猪相关疾病发生发展中表达量变化奠定了基础。

Homocysteine-induced Enhanced Expression of Tissue Factor in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

The homocysteine （Hcy）-induced tissue factor （TF） expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） and the effect of Hcy on the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-кB） and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） were investigated. Human umbilical artery VSMCs were cultured by tissue explanting method, identified by α-actin immunohistochemistry, and incubated with different concentrations of Hcy/PTDC （NF-кB inhibitor）. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of TF mRNA in VSMCs. Flow cytometry was used to assay the expression of TF protein on the surface of VSMCs and the expression of iNOS in VSMCs. Western blot was carried out to detect the expression of NF-кB protein in nuclei. The results showed that Hcy could induce VSMCs expressing TF mRNA significantly after the VSMCs were incubated with Hcy at concentrations of 10, 100, 500 μmol/L respectively. There was low expression level of TF protein on the surface of the resting VSMCs and Hcy could also induce VSMCs expressing TF pro- tein on the cell surface in different concentrations. Additionally, Hcy could rapidly induce the activation of NF-кB and this effect could be significantly inhibited by PDTC. Hcy alone could not induce the expression of iNOS in VSMCs. It was concluded that Hcy could significantly induce the expression of TF in VSMCs and enhance the activation of NF-ΚB, subsequently mediate TF gene expression and protein synthesis. NF-кB-mediated expression of TF in VSMCs might be the important mechanism of atherosclerosis and thrombosis induced by Hcy.

葫芦巴碱调节PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路对变应性接触性皮炎大鼠免疫反应的影响

目的探讨葫芦巴碱对变应性接触性皮炎(ACD)大鼠免疫、炎性反应及PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路的影响。方法60只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、ACD组、葫芦巴碱(低、中、高)剂量组(20、40、80 mg/kg)和PI3K抑制剂(LY294002)组(40 mg/kg),每组10只。除正常组外,其余组大鼠采用2,4二硝基氟苯(DNFB)诱导ACD模型。给药结束后,通过录像观察大鼠挠痒行为;HE染色检测大鼠耳皮肤组织病理学变化;ELISA检测大鼠血清IgE及Th1、Th2、Th17型细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17)水平;Western blot检测大鼠耳皮肤组织中炎性因子(IL-1β、IL-6)蛋白及PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果与正常组比较,ACD组大鼠挠痒次数增加,血清IgE、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17水平及耳皮肤组织中IL-1β、IL-6蛋白表达和p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-NF-κB/NF-κB比值升高(P<0.05),耳皮肤组织角化过度且可见大量炎性细胞浸润;与ACD组比较,葫芦巴碱(低、中、高)剂量组和LY294002组大鼠挠痒次数减少,血清IgE、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17水平及耳皮肤组织中IL-1β、IL-6蛋白表达和p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-NF-κB/NF-κB比值降低(P<0.05),耳皮肤组织病理损伤均有所改善,且葫芦巴碱各给药组呈剂量依赖效应;葫芦巴碱高剂量组和LY294002组大鼠上述指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论葫芦巴碱可抑制ACD大鼠皮肤组织中PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路激活,调控Th1、Th2、Th17型免疫应答并减轻皮肤局部和全身炎性反应。

外周血NLRP3 mRNA、NF-κB、PCT水平与COPD患者肺功能及肺动脉高压的关系

目的探讨NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3信使RNA(NLRP3 mRNA)、核因子激活的B细胞的κ-轻链增强(NF-κB)、降钙素原(PCT)与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能及肺动脉高压的关系。方法选取COPD稳定期患者47例、COPD急性加重期(AECOPD)未合并肺动脉高压患者47例及AECOPD合并肺动脉高压患者47例,以同期体检健康人群为对照组(n=47),抽取4组受检者空腹静脉血,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血液NF-κB和PCT表达,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法检测外周血淋巴细胞NLRP3 mRNA的表达;采用肺功能仪检测对照组、COPD稳定期组及AECOPD未合并肺动脉高压组受检者的肺功能指标[第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV_(1)/FVC、FEV_(1)占预计值的百分比(FEV_(1)%pred)];采用超声心动仪测量AECOPD未合并肺动脉高压组和AECOPD合并肺动脉高压组受检者的肺动脉高压、右心房径及右心室径。结果受检者外周血PCT、NLRP3 mRNA、NF-κB水平表现为AECOPD未合并肺动脉高压组>COPD稳定期组>对照组(P<0.05);AECOPD未合并肺动脉高压组患者血清NLRP3 mRNA、PCT、NF-κB表达水平较AECOPD合并肺动脉高压组减少(P<0.05);受检者PCT、NLRP3 mRNA、NF-κB与肺功能FEV_(1)%pred、FEV_(1)/FVC指标呈负相关(P<0.05),与肺动脉高压、右心房内径、右心室内径3个指标均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论外周血NLRP3 mRNA、NF-κB、PCT水平可作为COPD疾病的监测指标。

慢病毒介导的解整合素-金属蛋白酶17RNA干扰对气道上皮细胞MMP-9表达及NF-κB活性的影响

目的探讨脂多糖(LPS)诱导的气道上皮细胞基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)表达的TNF-α/NF-κB信号转导机制及慢病毒介导的解整合素-金属蛋白酶17(ADAM17)RNA干扰(RNAi)对MMP-9表达的影响。方法构建ADAM17 siRNA慢病毒载体、包装重组慢病毒。以NF-κB抑制剂(pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate,PDTC)或TNF-α拮抗剂(etanercept)预处理HBE4-E6/E7细胞,以LPS刺激HBE4-E6/E7细胞24 h。以重组慢病毒感染HBE4-E6/E7细胞72 h后,以LPS或TNF-α刺激HBE4-E6/E7细胞24 h。以半定量RT-PCR检测MMP-9 mRNA表达;以酶联免疫吸附试验检测TNF-α蛋白含量;以Western blot检测MMP-9蛋白表达;以凝胶阻滞分析实验检测NF-κB活性。结果 LPS或TNF-α刺激均明显增加HBE4-E6/E7细胞MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白表达及NF-κB活性(P<0.05);etanercept和PDTC均明显抑制LPS诱导的MMP-9表达及NF-κB活性(P<0.05)。慢病毒介导的ADAM17 RNAi明显降低LPS诱导的HBE4-E6/E7细胞上清液中TNF-α蛋白含量(P<0.05),亦明显降低MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白表达及NF-κB活性(P<0.05),但不能降低TNF-α诱导的MMP-9mRNA和蛋白表达及NF-κB活性(P>0.05)。PDTC明显抑制TNF-α诱导的MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白表达及NF-κB活性(P<0.05)。结论 TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路参与调控LPS诱导的气道上皮细胞MMP-9的表达,ADAM17通过调节TNF-α释放在其信号通路上游起到重要作用。

急性期川崎病患儿外周血单个核细胞NF-κB、MMP-9表达变化及意义

目的探讨核细胞核因子-κB(NF-κB)和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)在川崎病发生、发展中的作用及其机制。方法研究对象为川崎病患儿21例(川崎病组)、呼吸道感染患者18例(阳性对照组)、正常查体者17例(正常对照组)。采用密度梯度离心法无菌分离各组外周血PBMCs自然培养,采用RT-PCR法和Westen blot法测定细胞中NF-κB p65 mRNA和蛋白,采用ELISA方法测定细胞上清液中MMP-9蛋白。将川崎病组外周血PBMCs体外培养并分为川崎病1、2、3组,川崎病1组继续自然培养,川崎病2组加入终浓度为20 nmol/L的NF-κB激动剂PMA,川崎病3组同时加入PMA(浓度同上)及终浓度为100μmol/L的NF-κB抑制剂PDTC,孵育2 h后收集上清液和细胞,分别采用RT-PCR法和Westen blot法测定NF-κB p65 mRNA和蛋白表达,采用ELISA法测定细胞上清液中MMP-9蛋白水平。结果川崎病组PBMCs中NF-κB p65 mRNA、蛋白及上清液MMP-9表达均高于阳性对照组和健康对照组(P均<0.05)。川崎病1、3组PBMCs中NF-κB p65蛋白及上清液中MMP-9表达水平均低于川崎病2组(P均<0.05)。结论急性期川崎病患儿外周血PBMCs中NF-κB和细胞上清液中MMP-9表达增强;二者可能参与了川崎病的发生发展过程。。

核因子-κB及其下游因子TNF-α、Bcl-2在急性肝损伤中的作用及机制

目的:探讨核因子-κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)及其下游因子TNF-α、Bcl-2在急性肝损伤的作用及机制.方法:♂Wistar大鼠90只随机分为正常组,硫代乙酰胺(TAA)造模组及脯氨酸二硫代氨基甲酸酯(PDTC)预处理组(n=30).三组大鼠分别于造模完成后6、24、48h3个时间点处死,每个时间点各取10只大鼠.鲎试剂显色基质法测定大鼠血浆内毒素,放免法测定血浆TNF-α水平,取肝脏行病理学及免疫组化检测,制备肝脏单细胞悬液检测肝细胞凋亡指数.结果:与正常组相比,TAA组在6、24、48h时间点均可见血浆内毒素(EU/mL)及TNF-α(μg/L)水平明显升高(内毒素:0.64±0.08vs0.23±0.02,P<0.01;0.96±0.14vs0.25±0.02,P<0.01;1.15±0.17vs0.25±0.03,P<0.01;TNF-α:5.97±1.07vs1.44±0.52,P<0.01;12.52±2.09vs1.57±0.62,P<0.01;10.76±1.95vs1.49±0.57,P<0.01),肝组织NF-κB及Bcl-2明显活化(NF-κB:87.11%±8.23%vs4.64%±1.82%,78.55%±6.82%vs4.58%±1.91%,74.27%±6.26%vs4.73%±1.89%,均P<0.01;Bcl-2:51.11%±4.23%vs6.74%±3.93%,71.59%±6.82%vs6.68%±3.88%,82.19%±8.54%vs6.81%±4.14%,均P<0.01).随着时间延长,肝细胞凋亡指数增加,TAA组肝脏病理变化明显,抑制NF-κB活性后,可见肝脏病理变化减轻.结论:TAA所致急性肝损伤中,TNF-α水平明显升高,发挥了促炎及诱导凋亡作用.其促凋亡作用相对拮抗Bcl-2抗凋亡作用.NF-κB通过调控其下游基因加重肝脏损伤.

核因子-κB及其抑制剂对创伤失血性休克大鼠肝脏的作用

目的从组织受体水平探讨核因子-κB（NF-κB）及其抑制剂在创伤失血性休克过程中肝损伤与抗损伤中的作用机制。方法采用双侧股骨骨折伴失血性休克模型,并对NF-κB进行抑制后再致伤。NF-κB抑制剂采用二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷（PDTC）腹腔注射。动态观察伤后8 h大鼠肝组织NF-κB、肝脏病理、肝功能、TNF-α、IL-6等变化。肝组织NF-κB采用凝胶迁移试验（EMSA）法测定结合活性。TNF-α、IL-6通过酶联免疫吸附分析（ELISA）检测。结果NF-κB的活性伤后迅速升高,伤后2 h即与正常对照相比差异有统计学意义,伤后6 h达到高峰,伤后8 h仍维持较高水平;TNF-α、IL-6伤后逐渐升高,并于伤后6 h达到高峰,休克后8 h仍维持较高水平;光镜下伤后4-8 h肝窦内淤血明显,有大量炎性细胞浸润;血清ALT、TB伤后4 h开始增高,6-8 h达到峰值。抑制NF-κB再致伤后,TNF-α、IL-6伤后各个时相点均迅速回落;肝脏大体淤血、肿胀明显减轻;光镜下伤后4-8 h可见肝小叶排列基本正常,肝细胞变性明显好转,肝窦内见淤血减轻,仅见少许淋巴细胞及中性粒细胞浸润;血清ALT、TB明显下降,与未抑制组相比差异有统计学意义。结论NF-κB参与了严重创伤失血性休克后肝损伤的发生,NF-κB增高越多,肝损害越重,抑制NF-κB的活性有助于减轻创伤失血性后肝脏的急性损害,提示NF-κB及其抑制剂在严重创伤休克后肝组织细胞损伤与抗损伤机制方面起着重要作用。

当归对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌HSP70和NF-κB的影响

目的 :观察当归注射液对缺血再灌注 (I/R)过程心肌热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70 )和核转录因子κB(NF κB)表达的影响 ,探讨当归抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的可能作用机理。方法 :4 5只SD大鼠随机分成 3组 (每组n =15 ) :假手术组 (Ⅰ组 ) ,缺血再灌注组 (Ⅱ组 ) ,当归治疗组 (Ⅲ组 ) ,建立在体心肌缺血再灌注动物模型。每组 5只动物再灌注 4 0min用化学扩增法测定SOD活性 ,TBA法测定MDA含量 ;10只动物再灌注 12 0min测定HSP70免疫组化SP法观察心肌细胞HSP70蛋白表达 ,用ESMA法观察NF κB的变化 ,在电镜下观察心肌细胞的超微结构。结果 :再灌注前注射当归注射液显著降低了再灌注心肌MDA水平 (P <0 .0 1) ,增强了SOD活性 (P <0 .0 1)和HSP70的表达 (P <0 .0 1) ,减低NF κB的活性 ,同时减轻了心肌的超微结构损伤。结论 :当归注射液可通过抗氧化作用、增加HSP70的表达和减低NF κB的活性发挥抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤 ,对心肌有明显的保护作用。

乌司他汀对内毒素休克兔肿瘤坏死因子-a与白介素6及核转录因子-κB的影响及其剂量关系

目的观察内毒素(ET)致兔感染性休克血浆中肿瘤坏死因子-a(TNF-a)、IL-6和肺组织核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)水平变化,探讨不同剂量乌司他汀对感染性休克的保护机制。方法将50只日本长耳大白兔随机分为内毒素致伤空白组(空白组),地塞米松(DXM)干预组(DXM组)及3种不同剂量乌司他汀(UTI)干预组(U1、U2、U3三个亚组)。用ET(2mg/kg)一次性静脉注射复制兔感染性休克模型,达休克标准后空白组应用0.9%氯化钠溶液2ml,DXM组用DXM(1mg/kg)、U1组用UTI(2.5×104U/kg)、U2组用UTI(5.0×104U/kg)、U3组用UTI(10.0×104U/kg)分别溶于2ml0.9%氯化钠溶液静脉注射进行干预,检测休克0h和干预后1、2、4、6、12h血浆中TNF-a、IL-6水平,观察肺组织免疫组化NF-κB的表达变化。结果5组兔达感染性休克标准时血浆中的TNF-a、IL-6水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),兔休克后不同干预时间点TNF-a、IL-6的水平在UTI组与空白组及DXM组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);NF-κB在肺组织的表达空白组最高,U3组最低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TNF-a、IL-6的水平及NF-κB表达在U1、U2、U3组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论UTI可通过抑制NF-κB信号转导通路抑制TNF-a、IL-6的表达,剂量越大,作用越明显。