Research on convergence of the nuclear matrix elements for 2νββ decays

In this work,the characteristics of 2νββ decays for six nuclei(36Ar,46Ca,48Ca,50Cr,70Zn,and 136Xe)in a mass range from A=36 to A=136 are studied within the nuclear shell model(NSM)framework.Calculations are presented for the half-lives,nuclear matrix elements(NMEs),phase space factors(G2ν),and convergence of the NMEs.The theoretical results agree well with the experimental data.In addition,we predict the half-lives of 2νββ decays for four nuclei.We focus on the convergence of the NMEs by analyzing the number of contributing intermediate 1+states(NC)for the nuclei of interest.We assume that NC is safely determined when the accumulated NMEs saturate 99.7%of the final calculated magnitude.From the calculations of the involved nuclei,we discover a connection between NC and the total number of intermediate 1+states(NT).According to the least squares fit,we conclude that the correlation is NC=(10.8±1.2)×N(0.29±0.02)T.

Computation of products of phase space factors and nuclear matrix elements for double beta decay

Nuclear matrix elements(NME) and phase space factors(PSF) entering the half-life formulas of the double-beta decay(DBD) process are two key quantities whose accurate computation still represents a challenge. In this study, we propose a new approach of calculating these, namely the direct computation of their product as an unique formula. This procedure allows a more coherent treatment of the nuclear approximations and input parameters appearing in both quantities and avoids possible confusion in the interpretation of DBD data due to different individual expressions adopted for PSF and NME(and consequently their reporting in different units) by different authors. Our calculations are performed for both two neutrino(2 vββ) and neutrinoless(0 vββ) decay modes, for five nuclei of the most experimental interest. Further, using the most recent experimental limits for 0νββ decay half-lives,we provide new constraints on the light mass neutrino parameter. Finally, by separating the factor representing the axial-vector constant to the forth power in the half-life formulas, we advance suggestions on how to reduce the errors introduced in the calculation by the uncertain value of this constant, exploiting the DBD data obtained from different isotopes and/or decay modes.

颗粒团聚行为对弥散型核燃料芯体失效的影响分析

针对燃料颗粒团聚行为对弥散型核燃料芯体失效的影响,开发了弥散型核燃料元件代表性体元模型的参数化建模及数值计算脚本,综合考虑燃料-基体界面损伤层、燃料颗粒辐照肿胀以及环境压力等关键特征进行了数值建模,系统分析了燃料颗粒团聚体积分数、颗粒团聚位置、运行环境静水压力以及基体材料性质对弥散型核燃料芯体失效的影响规律,发现燃料颗粒团聚区域是弥散型核燃料芯体失效的起点,而运行环境静水压力对芯体应力集中有抑制作用,揭示了燃料颗粒团聚现象对弥散型核燃料元件力学性能的“短板效应”。团聚区域的燃料颗粒通过密集堆叠的方法进行几何建模,局部燃料颗粒团聚体积分数由最小颗粒间距定义。有限元计算结果表明,燃料颗粒团聚体积分数越大,弥散型核燃料芯体越容易失效。而包壳外的环境压力会降低芯体内燃料颗粒团聚区域的应力水平,但随着局部团聚程度的增加,环境压力对芯体中Mises应力的影响逐渐减小。此外,燃料颗粒团聚区域相对弥散型核燃料芯体厚度方向位置改变对芯体的最大Mises应力几乎没有影响;燃料颗粒团聚区域在弥散型核燃料芯体的面内分布位置和环境压力共同决定弥散型核燃料芯体的失效行为。本研究可为弥散型核燃料元件的失效条件预测、可靠性评估和结构优化设计提供分析方法和数值依据。

Analytical Derivations of Single-Particle Matrix Elements in Nuclear Shell Model

We present analytical method to calculate single particle matrix elements used in atomic and nuclear physics. We show seven different formulas of matrix elements of the operator f(r)d_r^m where f(r) = r~μ, r~μjJ(qr), V(r)corresponding to the Gaussian and the Yukawa potentials used in nuclear shell models and nuclear structure. In addition,we take into account a general integral formula of the matrix element 〈 n′ l′|f(r) d_r^(m) |n l〉 that covers all seven matrix elements obtained analytically.

一类生灭过程及其在核天体物理计算中的应用

研究一类生灭过程,利用矩阵分解技巧求出了生灭过程微分方程的解,并将之应用于核天体物理中太阳系慢中子俘获过程重元丰度计算问题研究,计算结果与天文观测值一致.

甘蓝短散布元件对转基因表达效果的研究

为检验甘蓝短散布元件(SINE)对植物转基因表达的影响,采用PCR方法,从甘蓝基因组中克隆了一段短散布元件序列(Short Interspersed Nuclear Element,SINE),该SINE具有核基质结合区(matrix attachmentregion,MAR)的结构特征,将其构建到β-葡糖醛酸酶(β-glucuronidase,GUS)基因(uidA)的两侧翼,形成SINE调控的植物表达载体,采用农杆菌介导法,将含SINE序列和不含SINE序列的植物表达载体导入烟草中。对转基因植株进行GUS活性定量测定,结果表明,SINE表现出类似MAR的功能,可以提高外源uidA基因的表达水平,与不含SINE的转化植株相比,外源基因的平均表达水平提高了2倍,但转基因植株个体间表达水平存在较大的差异。

核效应模型的检验方案

建议在大横动量的Ｊ／和γ协同产生过程中，用胶子的核效应问题检验核效应模型。利用ＧＲＶＬＯ给出的自由核子中胶了的分布函数，推厂的ｘ－重标度模型、双重Ｑ２－重标度模型、ＥＫＳ９８给出的束缚核子中胶子的分布函数，分别计算了质子撞击铁核过程中Ｊ／和γ协同产生的微分截面与质子撞击质子过程中Ｊ／和γ协同产生的微分截面的比值。结果发现，其为一个对色八重态产生机制不敏感，而只与核效应模型有关的量。不同的核效应模型得到的结果相差很大。计算结果与未来实验数据比较可以对这３个模型进行检验。

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定核级锆合金中17种常量及痕量元素

使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对核级锆合金中4种常量元素及13种痕量元素进行测定。通过用高纯海绵锆及主合金元素进行基体匹配和选择合适的光谱线作被测元素分析线,成功地测定了核级锆合金中常量元素锡、铌、铁、铬和痕量元素铝、钴、铜、钼、镁、锰、镍、铅、硅、钽、钛、钒、钨。对NIST的360b锆合金中锡、铁、铬、镍的测定,其测定结果与标准物质证书给出的标准值相一致。对核级锆合金进行加标回收试验,结果表明,除钽的回收率偏低和铝、铅的回收率偏高外,铌、钴、铜、钼、镁、锰、硅、钛、钒、钨的回收率在92%～108%之间。本法的测定结果稳定,3天测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)均在6%以下,能满足西屋认证标准(RSD<10%)的要求。

合金化改性钨基材料的组织和性能研究与发展

开发受控核聚变能源是一种解决未来能源问题的有效途径。多年来国内外研究发现,钨具有高熔点、高热导率、低物理溅射率、低氚滞留、低肿胀等优点,被认为是最有潜力作为第一壁的候选材料。应用于核聚变反应堆极端环境中的材料,要求具有良好的抗氧化性能、力学性能、抗辐照性能等综合性能。但钨的抗氧化性能较差、再结晶温度较低、脆韧转变温度较高和辐照敏感性,实际应用中还有许多待解决之处。因此需要通过合金化,掺杂第二相弥散强化和制备超细晶钨的手段改善钨基材料性能。合金化是最常用的改善钨基体材料性能的手段之一。结合了近些年来研究成果,综述了掺杂合金元素对钨基材料性能方面的改善效果、作用机理以及分析了未来的发展趋势。

2νββ-decay to first 2^+states with partial isospin symmetry restoration from spherical QRPA calculations

Using partially restored isospin symmetry,we calculate the nuclear matrix elements for a special decay mode of a two-neutrino double beta decay–the decay to the first 2+excited states.Employing the realistic CD–Bonn nuclear force,we analyze the dependence of the nuclear matrix elements on the isovector and isoscalar parts of proton–neutron particle–particle interactions.The dependence on the different nuclear matrix elements is observed,and the results are explained.We also provide the phase space factors using numerical electron wavefunctions and properly chosen excitation energies.Finally,we present our results for the half-lives of this decay mode for different nuclei.

无中微子双β衰变相关的中微子势（英文）

介绍了在双β衰变中的闭合近似下的原子核矩阵元,并在此基础上研究了无中微子双β衰变的中微子势部分及统计性质。分析结果显示,费米型和伽莫夫-泰勒型矩阵元部分贡献了几乎相等的正值,并且费米型部分一般比伽莫夫-泰勒型部分的贡献稍大,而张量部分的贡献虽小但不可忽略,其中有少量矩阵元为负。阐明了无中微子双β衰变的中微子势中费米型、伽莫夫-泰勒型及张量部分大于零矩阵元的关联。该统计结果粗略地揭示了这些组份对原子核矩阵元的贡献。