Extracellular amyloid beta(Aβ) plaques are main pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the specific type of neuro ns that produce Aβ peptides in the initial stage of Alzheimer’s disease are unknown.In...Extracellular amyloid beta(Aβ) plaques are main pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the specific type of neuro ns that produce Aβ peptides in the initial stage of Alzheimer’s disease are unknown.In this study,we found that 5-hydroxytryptamin receptor 3A subunit(HTR3A) was highly expressed in the brain tissue of transgenic amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 mice(an Alzheimer’s disease model) and patients with Alzheimer’s disease.To investigate whether HTR3A-positive interneurons are associated with the production of Aβ plaques,we performed double immunostaining and found that HTR3A-positive interneurons were clustered around Aβ plaques in the mouse model.Some amyloid precursor protein-positive or β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1-positive neurites near Aβ plaques were co-localized with HTR3A interneurons.These results suggest that HTR3A-positive interneurons may partially contribute to the generation of Aβ peptides.We treated 5.0-5.5-month-old model mice with tro pisetron,a HTR3 antagonist,for 8 consecutive weeks.We found that the cognitive deficit of mice was partially reversed,Aβ plaques and neuroinflammation we re remarkably reduced,the expression of HTR3 was remarkably decreased and the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell 4 signaling pathway was inhibited in treated model mice.These findings suggest that HTR3A interneurons partly contribute to generation of Aβ peptide at the initial stage of Alzheimer’s disease and inhibiting HTR3 partly reve rses the pathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Opioids,such as morphine,are the most potent drugs used to treat pain.Long-term use results in high tolerance to morphine.High mobility group box-1(HMGB1) has been shown to participate in neuropathic or inflammatory p...Opioids,such as morphine,are the most potent drugs used to treat pain.Long-term use results in high tolerance to morphine.High mobility group box-1(HMGB1) has been shown to participate in neuropathic or inflammatory pain,but its role in morphine tolerance is unclear.In this study,we established rat and mouse models of morphine tolerance by intrathecal injection of morphine for 7 consecutive days.We found that morphine induced rat spinal cord neurons to release a large amount of HMGB1.HMGB1 regulated nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production by increasing Toll-like receptor 4receptor expression in microglia,thereby inducing morphine tolerance.Glycyrrhizin,an HMGB1 inhibito r,markedly attenuated chronic morphine tole rance in the mouse model.Finally,compound C(adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor) and zinc protoporphyrin(heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor)alleviated the morphine-induced release of HMGB1 and reduced nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production in a mouse model of morphine tolerance and an SH-SY5Y cell model of morphine tole rance,and alleviated morphine tolerance in the mouse model.These findings suggest that morphine induces HMGB1 release via the adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway,and that inhibiting this signaling pathway can effectively reduce morphine tole rance.展开更多
目的·探究炎症信号通路对G蛋白偶联受体C型家族5A(G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A,GPRC5A)表达的调控作用。方法·给予核因子κB(NF-κB)启动子驱动荧光酶转基因小鼠腹腔注射细菌内毒素脂多糖(LPS),诱...目的·探究炎症信号通路对G蛋白偶联受体C型家族5A(G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A,GPRC5A)表达的调控作用。方法·给予核因子κB(NF-κB)启动子驱动荧光酶转基因小鼠腹腔注射细菌内毒素脂多糖(LPS),诱导肺组织炎症,活体动物可见光成像系统下观察小鼠肺部NF-κB信号通路激活情况。在C57BL/6J小鼠,腹腔注射LPS,Western blotting检测肺组织GPRC5A表达情况。体外实验中,对人肺癌细胞Calu-1、H322,人胚胎肾细胞HEK293T给予肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)或转染p65表达质粒,而后用Western blotting、RT-PCR、荧光素酶报告基因实验、免疫荧光等方法检测分析炎症对GPRC5A表达的影响。结果·小鼠腹腔注射LPS可以诱导NF-κB炎症信号通路激活,并抑制肺组织中GPRC5A的表达。炎症因子TNF-α可明显抑制Calu-1细胞GPRC5A的蛋白和mRNA表达。在HEK293T细胞,转染p65表达质粒后,可以抑制GPRC5A启动子驱动的荧光素酶报告质粒的表达。被转染并表达绿色荧光蛋白-p65的H322细胞中几乎没有GPRC5A的表达。结论·NF-κB信号通路可以抑制GPRC5A启动子的转录活性,抑制其mRNA和蛋白的表达。展开更多
基金supported by the Notional Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81371213 and 8107098 7the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.21ZR1468400 (all to QLY)。
文摘Extracellular amyloid beta(Aβ) plaques are main pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the specific type of neuro ns that produce Aβ peptides in the initial stage of Alzheimer’s disease are unknown.In this study,we found that 5-hydroxytryptamin receptor 3A subunit(HTR3A) was highly expressed in the brain tissue of transgenic amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 mice(an Alzheimer’s disease model) and patients with Alzheimer’s disease.To investigate whether HTR3A-positive interneurons are associated with the production of Aβ plaques,we performed double immunostaining and found that HTR3A-positive interneurons were clustered around Aβ plaques in the mouse model.Some amyloid precursor protein-positive or β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1-positive neurites near Aβ plaques were co-localized with HTR3A interneurons.These results suggest that HTR3A-positive interneurons may partially contribute to the generation of Aβ peptides.We treated 5.0-5.5-month-old model mice with tro pisetron,a HTR3 antagonist,for 8 consecutive weeks.We found that the cognitive deficit of mice was partially reversed,Aβ plaques and neuroinflammation we re remarkably reduced,the expression of HTR3 was remarkably decreased and the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell 4 signaling pathway was inhibited in treated model mice.These findings suggest that HTR3A interneurons partly contribute to generation of Aβ peptide at the initial stage of Alzheimer’s disease and inhibiting HTR3 partly reve rses the pathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNos.81971047 (to WTL) and 82073910 (to XFW)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20191253 (to XFW)Key R&D Program (Social Development) Project of Jiangsu Province,No.BE2019 732 (to WTL)Jiangsu Province Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University) Clinical Capacity Enhancement Project,No.JSPH-511B2018-8 (to YBP)。
文摘Opioids,such as morphine,are the most potent drugs used to treat pain.Long-term use results in high tolerance to morphine.High mobility group box-1(HMGB1) has been shown to participate in neuropathic or inflammatory pain,but its role in morphine tolerance is unclear.In this study,we established rat and mouse models of morphine tolerance by intrathecal injection of morphine for 7 consecutive days.We found that morphine induced rat spinal cord neurons to release a large amount of HMGB1.HMGB1 regulated nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production by increasing Toll-like receptor 4receptor expression in microglia,thereby inducing morphine tolerance.Glycyrrhizin,an HMGB1 inhibito r,markedly attenuated chronic morphine tole rance in the mouse model.Finally,compound C(adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor) and zinc protoporphyrin(heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor)alleviated the morphine-induced release of HMGB1 and reduced nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production in a mouse model of morphine tolerance and an SH-SY5Y cell model of morphine tole rance,and alleviated morphine tolerance in the mouse model.These findings suggest that morphine induces HMGB1 release via the adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway,and that inhibiting this signaling pathway can effectively reduce morphine tole rance.
文摘目的·探究炎症信号通路对G蛋白偶联受体C型家族5A(G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A,GPRC5A)表达的调控作用。方法·给予核因子κB(NF-κB)启动子驱动荧光酶转基因小鼠腹腔注射细菌内毒素脂多糖(LPS),诱导肺组织炎症,活体动物可见光成像系统下观察小鼠肺部NF-κB信号通路激活情况。在C57BL/6J小鼠,腹腔注射LPS,Western blotting检测肺组织GPRC5A表达情况。体外实验中,对人肺癌细胞Calu-1、H322,人胚胎肾细胞HEK293T给予肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)或转染p65表达质粒,而后用Western blotting、RT-PCR、荧光素酶报告基因实验、免疫荧光等方法检测分析炎症对GPRC5A表达的影响。结果·小鼠腹腔注射LPS可以诱导NF-κB炎症信号通路激活,并抑制肺组织中GPRC5A的表达。炎症因子TNF-α可明显抑制Calu-1细胞GPRC5A的蛋白和mRNA表达。在HEK293T细胞,转染p65表达质粒后,可以抑制GPRC5A启动子驱动的荧光素酶报告质粒的表达。被转染并表达绿色荧光蛋白-p65的H322细胞中几乎没有GPRC5A的表达。结论·NF-κB信号通路可以抑制GPRC5A启动子的转录活性,抑制其mRNA和蛋白的表达。
