Effect size in papers published by the Journal of Forestry Research:A missing treasure?

P values based on standard hypothesis testing are commonly reported in articles published by the Journal of Forestry Research(JFR).However,effect sizes are barely used and reported,even if they are of direct relevance to the primary questions of many of the published studies.The incorporation of effect sizes in studies published by JFR should be encouraged and promoted.Inclusion of effect sizes as a requirement in the journal guidelines will facilitate a major change in the way data are tested and interpreted,with the ultimate goal to exempt researchers from the custom of drawing conclusions merely based upon a dichotomous statistical result(P value).Such a policy can also lead to more informed decisions of whether identified effects are of practical relevance to the forestry.

Null test for cosmic curvature using Gaussian process

The cosmic curvature Ω_(K,0),which determines the spatial geometry of the universe,is an important parameter in modern cosmology.Any deviation from Ω_(K,0)=0 would have a profound impact on the primordial inflation paradigm and fundamental physics.In this work,we adopt a cosmological model-independent method to test whether Ω_(K,0) deviates from zero.We use the Gaussian process to reconstruct the reduced Hubble parameter E(z)and the derivative of the distance D'(z)from observational data and then determine Ω_(K,0) with a null test relation.The cosmic chronometer(CC)Hubble data,baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)Hubble data,and supernovae Pantheon sample are considered.Our result is consistent with a spatially flat universe within the domain of reconstruction 0<z<2.3,at the 1σ confidence level.In the redshift interval 0<z<1,the result favors a flat universe,while at z>1,it tends to favor a closed universe.In this sense,there is still a possibility for a closed universe.We also carry out the null test of the cosmic curvature at 0<z<4.5 using the simulated gravitational wave standard sirens,CC+BAO,and redshift drift Hubble data.The result indicates that in the future,with the synergy of multiple highquality observations,we can tightly constrain the spatial geometry or exclude the flat universe.