A New Algorithmic Approach for Detection and Identification of Vehicle Plate Numbers

This work proposes a method for the detection and identification of parked vehicles stationed. This technique composed many algorithms for the detection, localization, segmentation, extraction and recognition of number plates in images. It is acts of a technology of image processing used to identify the vehicles by their number plates. Knowing that we work on images whose level of gray is sampled with (120×180), resulting from a base of abundant data by PSA. We present two algorithms allowing the detection of the horizontal position of the vehicle: the classical method “horizontal gradients” and our approach “symmetrical method”. In fact, a car seen from the front presents a symmetry plan and by detecting its axis, that one finds its position in the image. A phase of localization is treated using the parameter MGD (Maximum Gradient Difference) which allows locating all the segments of text per horizontal scan. A specific technique of filtering, combining the method of symmetry and the localization by the MGD allows eliminating the blocks which don’t pass by the axis of symmetry and thus find the good block containing the number plate. Once we locate the plate, we use four algorithms that must be realized in order to allow our system to identify a license plate. The first algorithm is adjusting the intensity and the contrast of the image. The second algorithm is segmenting the characters on the plate using profile method. Then extracting and resizing the characters and finally recognizing them by means of optical character recogni-tion OCR. The efficiency of these algorithms is shown using a database of 350 images for the tests. We find a rate of lo-calization of 99.6% on a basis of 350 images with a rate of false alarms (wrong block text) of 0.88% by image.

Run-Up Flow of a Maxwell Fluid through a Parallel Plate Channel

We consider the flow of an incompressible viscous Maxwell fluid between two parallel plates, initially induced by a constant pressure gradient. The pressure gradient is withdrawn and the upper plate moves with a uniform velocity while the lower plate continues to be at rest. The arising flow is referred to as run-up flow. The unsteady governing equations are solved as initial value problem using Laplace transform technique. The expression for velocity, shear stresses on both plates and discharge are obtained. The behavior of the velocity, shear stresses and mass flux has been discussed in detail with respect to variations in different governing flow parameters and is presented through graphs.

Simulation and Experimental Study on Influence of Multi⁃port Integrated Hydraulic Transformer Port Number on Transformer Ratio Characteristics

The integrated hydraulic transformer has a compact structure and no throttling loss in the process of pressure regulation.It is widely used in the common pressure rail hydrostatic transmission system.The integrated hydraulic transformer is realized by designing more than three ports on the distribution plate,and the voltage transformation characteristics of the integrated hydraulic transformer with different port numbers are different.In this paper,the influence of port number on the pressure ratio of integrated hydraulic transformer was studied,and the pressure ratio characteristics of 3⁃ports,4⁃ports,and 5⁃ports integrated hydraulic transformer were obtained,and an experimental platform was built for experimental verification,which shows that the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results and provides a theoretical basis for the design of integrated hydraulic transformer.

Experimental investigation of crossflow characteristics in multi-jets system at small nozzle-to-plate spacing

To further extend knowledge about the detailed knowledge on the crossflow characteristics in a multi-jets system under a confined space,particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to investigate the flow structures together with the distributions of the mean velocity components for Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 6 213 to 13 418,nozzle-to-plate spacing (H/D) varying from 0. 20 to1. 25,respectively. Results show that the crossflow configuration is significantly different from those of large nozzle-to-plate spacing. In addition,a turning point H/D=0.50 is revealed in the profile of the normalized maximum radial velocity which is associated with the heat transfer distribution on the impingement plate.

Effects of magnetohydrodynamic flow past a vertical plate with variable surface temperature

An analysis is performed to study the magnetohydrodynamic flow of an electrically conducting, viscous incompressible fluid past a semi-infinite vertical plate with variable surface temperature under the action of transversely applied magnetic field. The heat due to viscous dissipation and the induced magnetic field are assumed to be negligible. The dimensionless governing equations are unsteady, two-dimensional, coupled and non-linear governing equations. It is found that the magnetic field parameter has a retarding effect on the velocities of air and water.

基于YOLOv8-OCR的井下人员检测算法

为提高井下昏暗环境的目标检测性能,将行人属性应用到井下,将反光号码牌贴在安全帽和工作服上作为属性进行识别。针对井下小目标检测率低的缺点,提出了一种将YOLOv8检测算法与光学字符识别(Optical Character Recognation, OCR)技术相结合的方法。通过添加卷积块注意力模块(Convolutional Block Attention Module, CBAM),提高了网络对不同尺度的特征提取能力;将YOLOv8中的CBS模块改进为CBF模块,提高了目标的识别准确率;对检测到的反光号码牌区域用OCR技术对区域内数字进行识别,进一步提高了模型的检测精度。实验结果表明,提出的方法在自建数据集上获得了93.2%的识别准确率和每张24.4 ms的检测速度,相比YOLOv8模型有着更高的准确率,能够有效地应对井下环境中的光照变化和干扰因素并且满足实时检测的要求。

Dufour Effects on Unsteady Hydromagnetic Radiative Fluid Flow past a Vertical Plate through Porous Medium

The objective of the present study is to investigate diffusion-thermo (Dufour effect) and radiation effects on unsteady MHD free convection flow past an impulsively started infinite vertical plate with variable temperature and uniform mass diffusion in the presence of transverse applied magnetic field through porous medium. At time t > 0, the plate is given an impulsive motion with constant velocity in the vertical upward direction against to the gravitational field. At the same time the plate temperature is raised linearly with time t and the level of concentration near the plate is raised to . A magnetic field of uniform strength is applied normal to the direction to the flow. The dimen- sionless governing equations are solved in closed form by Laplace-transform technique. The effect of flow parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, the rate of heat transfer and the rate of mass transfer are shown through graphs.

The effect of multi-orifice plate configuration on bubble detachment volume

The multi-orifice plate gas sparger, mainly composed of a multi-orifice plate and a gas chamber, is one of the most common sparger facilities.The aeration performance of multi-orifice plate has a close relation with the multiorifice plate configuration.In addition, the weeping phenomenon has a considerable influence on the gas chamber condition which affects the bubble detachment volume directly.This paper conducts a set of visual experiments to study the influence of multi-orifice configuration and gas chamber condition on the aeration performance of gas sparger.For multi-orifice plate, an improved theoretical model is proposed which considers the wave effect of the previous bubbles generated from adjacent orifices and the variance of the number of active bubbling orifice.A parameter is proposed to evaluate the aeration performance in order to overcome the difficulty caused by the randomness of bubble formation process.The experimental results suggest that the gas chamber filled with water is in favor of large bubble formation.The influence of the pitch of orifice on aeration performance can only be observed in high-restricted case.According to the theoretical model and experimental results, the influences of gas flow rate and the number of open orifices on the aeration performance are analyzed and a design criterion for the number of open orifice is proposed.

CFD Simulations of Oscillating Flow around Solid and Perforated Plates

Damping plates have been used for truss spars in gulf of Mexico to reduce the heave motions. The plates are usually perforated with holes for the passage of marine risers, but the effects of the perforation have not been examined thoroughly. In the present study, a computational fluid dynamics investigation into the hydrodynamic forces is carried out by using FLUENT, which is on two-dimensional perforated plates with varying degrees of perforation in oscillating flow under small Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number. The numerical results of the hydrodynamic coefficients are presented. The effects of both the perforation ratio (PR) and KC number on the hydrodynamic coefficients of the plates are discussed. Some results of the simulated flow patterns around the plates were also given and discussed.

基于深度学习的雾霾天气下的车牌号码识别方法

针对雾霾天气下车牌识别存在的精确度低、漏检等问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的雾霾天气下的车牌号码识别方法。首先用AOD-Net算法对车辆图像进行去雾预处理。然后,基于YOLOv5网络设计一种车牌检测网络ACG_YOLOv5s。ACG_YOLOv5s是在YOLOv5s网络的基础上,融入CBAM注意力机制,提高模型的抗干扰能力;引入自适应特征融合网络ASFF,根据模型自适应学习到的权重赋予网络不同特征层不同比重的权值,从而突出重要特征信息;使用Ghost卷积模块替换传统卷积,在保证模型效果的同时减少了网络训练过程中的参数量。最后通过LPRNet对检测到的车牌图像进行识别。实验结果表明,改进后的ACG_YOLOv5s网络车牌检测准确率达到99.6%,LPRNet识别准确率达96%且内存占比小。实验证明AOD-Net算法和YOLO算法结合可更加有效地检测雾霾天气下车牌图像中的车牌号码。

Soret and Dufour effects on unsteady MHD flow past an infinite vertical porous plate with thermal radiation

The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of flow parameters on the free convection and mass transfer of an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of an electrically conducting, viscous, and incompressible fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate under oscillatory suction velocity and thermal radiation. The Dufour （diffusion thermo） and Soret （thermal diffusion） effects are taken into account. The problem is solved numerically using the finite element method for the velocity, the temperature, and the concentration field. The expression for the skin friction, the rate of heat and mass transfer is obtained. The results are presented numerically through graphs and tables for the externally cooled plate （Gr 〉 0） and the externally heated plate （Gr 〈 0） to observe the effects of various parameters encountered in the equations.

Viscous Fluid Flowing around the Plate: Turbulence

Diffusion of momentum gives rise to viscosity. This article presents a solution in the explicit form of the equation of the momentum diffusion for a viscous fluid flowing around a plate taking into account deceleration. Three characteristic regions of a viscous flow have been described: the mantle, the body of the boundary layer, the viscous sublayer. In the mantle, the effect of viscosity is significant at a considerable distance from the plate. The momentum diffusion is focused in the body of the boundary layer. The diffusion force that produces the momentum of force giving rise to eddies is localized in the viscous sublayer. At the beginning of the plate, a moment of force twists the liquid along the flow, creating eddies that roll along the plate. For this reason, they are pressed against the surface of the plate. But at some distance from the beginning of the plate, the moment of force changes its orientation to the opposite and twists the vortices in the opposite direction, causing the vortices to roll along the plate against the flow. This causes the liquid to detach from the surface of the plate. This is the beginning of turbulence. The diameter of the vortex produced in the viscous sublayer is small being of the order of the thickness of the viscous sublayer. The vortex possesses a large angular velocity. Due to the momentum diffusion and the effect of the eddies combined in passing along the plate, its diameter increases up to the size of the thickness of the boundary layer and even more, whereas its angular velocity decreases down to the values really observed. The value of the critical Reynolds number of the transition from the laminar flow to the turbulent one has been found, and it agrees with the experimental data. The value of the shear stress produced by the viscous fluid on the plate surface has also been obtained. The way of measurement of the friction coefficient characterizing the effect of the plate on the flow has been proposed. It has been shown that the boundary condition of adhesion to the surface of a body flown around, that is applied in the estimation of viscous flows, contradicts the real processes of the flow.

平头孔板的初生空化特性定量分析

随着现代水利水电工程的日益优化创新,高坝设计中需要解决的重大技术瓶颈是消杀高坝泄放洪流所携带的超大能量。利用水流的突扩、突缩消能的孔板制造简便,并且消能效率高。孔板的抗空化特性跟它的最小壁面压强系数大小紧密相关,其作为孔板设计制造的一个关键性指标。通过数值模拟和物理模型试验的方法,研究了平头孔板初生空化数与相关体型要素和水力要素之间的关系,并得到了经验表达式。研究结果表明,平头孔板初生空化数的经验表达式与实际吻合较好,为孔板的工程应用提供了参考。

SOUND RADIATION FROM PLATES ON ELASTIC FOUNDATION UNDER ACTION OF MOVING LINE FORCES

An analysis is made of the problem of sound radiation from infinite one-dimensional plateson elastic foundation, when the plates are subjected to the action of harmonic line forces movingat subsonic speeds (M 【 1). The expressions of nondimensional sound power are formulated andthe asymptotic forms of sound power in the low frequency regions are derived. The radiatedsound power is shown as a function of the stiffness of elastic foundation, in terms of stiffness fac-torψ, the moving speed of line force, in terms of Math number M, and the frequency, in termsof wavenumber ratio γ . The effects of the parameter ψ in conjunction with the parameters Mand γ on the radiated sound power level and the phenomenon of coincidence radiation are alsoinvestigated in detail.

基于机器视觉的手写钢板号图像增强及矫正算法研究与应用

钢板号的正确识别检查是实现生产线自动化生产的重要基础条件之一。近年来,许多生产线在备料位置配备了喷印机用于自动标记物料编号。喷印的字迹清晰且耐高温,在没有涂抹的情况下使用钢板号识别设备可以实现接近100%的识别率。然而,由于喷印设备故障或受限于资金和空间等原因,有时无法安装喷印设备,只能依赖人工手写的方式在钢板表面标记编号。与喷印编号相比,手写编号存在书写随意、连笔、字迹歪斜扭曲等复杂情况,这些因素限制了识别系统的准确性。鉴于识别效果较差,通常需要依赖人工目测来辅助识别,从而影响了物料跟踪自动化的实施效果。为了提升手写钢板号的识别效果,对传统机器学习光学字符识别(OCR)文本区域检测算法进行改进研究,并针对手写钢板号的特征,提出一种图像增强和扭曲矫正处理的算法。应用结果表明,该算法可以改善手写钢板号的图像质量和形状,提高识别的准确性。该研究旨在提升手写钢板号识别效果,以解决自动化生产中的难题。通过图像增强和矫正处理,使识别系统更好地处理手写钢板号,推动物料跟踪的自动化实施。

Numerical Calculations for a Boundary Layer Flow past a Moving Vertical Porous Plate with Suction/Injection and Thermal Radiation

The work presented herein investigates the velocity, heat transfer, Nusselt number and skin friction profiles involved in boundary layer flow past a moving vertical porous plate. Similarity transformations are employed to convert the governing nonlinear unsteady momentum and energy equations from their partial differential equation forms to boundary value ordinary differential equations. The resulting equations are then solved numerically by the Runge-Kutta fourth order method with the help of a shooting technique. Several features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for different values of problem parameters are analyzed and discussed. These include the effects of the radiation parameter (R), suction and injection parameter (c), Grashof (Gr) and Prandtl (Pr) numbers on the flow and heat profiles. Numerical results show the impact of blowing and sucking as well as radation on boundary layer flows of this type. Both the skin frictions as well as the heat transfer rate are also significantly related to the radiation parameter. For all these cases;the numerical results are found to be in agreement with the physics of the problem.

基于板-梁理论的FGM双轴对称箱形截面组合扭转理论与有限元验证

基于板梁理论研究FGM双轴对称箱形截面组合扭转理论与有限元验证.首先,选取弹性模量变化函数,建立能量变分模型,引入无量纲参数,获得双轴对称箱形截面组合扭转的近似解析解;然后,利用微分方程模型计算双轴对称箱形截面组合扭转的精确解析解,给出微分方程解答;最后,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件进行验证,将本文研究所得解析解和ANSYS有限元分析软件得出的解析解进行对比,对比结果验证了本文理论推导及所给出的自由扭转刚度、约束扭转刚度表达式的正确性.

催化裂解装置液化石油气分离系统脱丙烷方案优化

随着催化裂解装置裂解深度的增加,液化石油气中二烯烃含量增加。液化石油气分离常规流程中脱丙烷塔底温度约108℃,较高的温度增加了二烯烃聚合的可能性,影响装置运行周期和经济效益,国内几家催化裂解液化石油气分离装置的脱丙烷塔普遍存在塔釜和重沸器结焦堵塞的情况。在实际生产中为了缓解脱丙烷塔底结焦引起的停工等问题,通常在进料和塔底物料中加入阻聚剂,以降低物料聚合速率。文中分析了压力对脱丙烷体系相对挥发度和塔底温度的影响,得出较低的塔压有利于降低塔釜温度、提高轻重关键组分的相对挥发度,使分离更容易。塔压在0.9~1.1 MPa范围内较为合适,可将塔釜温度控制在80℃以下,在满足脱丙烷塔分离要求的前提下,减少因塔釜结焦造成的装置非计划停工。另外,文中从能耗和设备投资两方面对优化方案和常规方案进行了对比,优化方案能耗比常规方案降低约37%,主要设备投资也比常规方案低。

基于YOLOv7-Tiny的车牌及放大号检测研究

由于大型车辆的后车牌容易污损和遮挡,目前车牌号的识别对于这种情况有明显缺陷。提出将车牌放大号和车牌共同检测后再识别,提升车牌识别算法的适用性。本文基于YOLOv7-Tiny检测,算法先后采用更换主干网络和卷积模块实现模型轻量化,通过改进损失函数来提升精度。实验表明,在YOLOv7-Tiny更换Mobilenetv3主干网络、GSConv卷积核和Focal-EIoU后,实现模型体积下降35%,参数量下降37%,运算量下降58%,从而实现一种轻量化的模型。

基于有限元法泥水盾构机刀盘的设计与优化

针对地层中复杂多变的软土环境,通过设计原理与仿真试验,提高了大泥水盾构机刀盘的强度与刚度。以盾构机刀盘为研究对象,建立辐条、辐板个数等因素为变量的刀盘三维结构模型,通过二次正交旋转试验确定辐条个数与辐板个数最优配比的刀盘。结果证明:当辐条个数为8个、辐板个数为8个时,质量指数为267250 kg,总变形指数为22.1 mm,应力指数为736.4 MPa,与优化结果基本一致,得到性能最优的刀盘。