Beniseed is an important oilseed, with high oil content and nutrient composition. The effect of processing (roasting, soaking, boiling, and germination) on proximate, mineral composition, anti-nutrients and functional...Beniseed is an important oilseed, with high oil content and nutrient composition. The effect of processing (roasting, soaking, boiling, and germination) on proximate, mineral composition, anti-nutrients and functional properties of the beniseed flour were analysed. Also the sensory properties of cookies from blends of wheat and beniseed flours were determined. The results showed that moisture, fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, ash and crude fibre contents of the flours were significantly different and ranged from 3.20% - 4.79%, 34.34% - 50.43%, 15.19% - 30.65%, 18.90% - 22.16%, 4.54% - 6.01% and 4.30% - 7.59%, respectively. Processing significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the anti-nutritional factors and germination gave the highest mineral values in the beniseed flours. Water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming stability, foaming capacity and swelling index, ranged from 1.00 - 1.28, 1.10 - 1.13, 98.72 - 108.82, 2.94 - 19.80 and 1.14 - 1.54 respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that 20% soaked beniseed flour substitution of wheat had no significant difference with 100% wheat cookies. Germinated sample gave a more desired nutrient composition (low fat and carbohydrate, high protein and mineral composition) but performed poorly in sensory attributes. In conclusion, beniseed gave a good flour blend with wheat in baked products, also further processing of the germinated flour to improve the appearance will give more nutritious cookies.展开更多
This study was executed to offer the basis for optimized profit from fertilizer use for sorghum yield and to determine robust crop nutrient response function and economic rate for the production of sorghum at Miesso C...This study was executed to offer the basis for optimized profit from fertilizer use for sorghum yield and to determine robust crop nutrient response function and economic rate for the production of sorghum at Miesso Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Trails were conducted at six experimental sites, sorghum yield response to N and P fertilizers application and economically optimum rates of nitrogen (EONR) and phosphorus (EOPR) were evaluated on a vertisols within the semi-arid Miesso districts west Hararge zone of Oromia region. The nutrient rates in 2014 cropping season four levels of Nitrogen (N) alone, these levels with 20 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> Phosphorus (P) and without N, 69 kg<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup> N with three levels of P treatments including the zero control were evaluated. In 2015, cropping season similar rates of N alone, the same rate N with 20 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> P, 92 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> N with three rates of P including the zero control were evaluated. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications in factorial design. Nutrient responses of sorghum were determined using asymptotic quadratic plateau functions. The significantly highest nitrogen rate was 46 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> alone in 2014 season, which gave grain yield of 2.56 Mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·ha<sup>−1</sup></span><sup> </sup>with a maximum yield advantage of 43%. P rates in both seasons and combined (sites + seasons) were not significantly influenced sorghum yield. Nitrogen agronomic and partial factor productivity peaked at 23 kg N <span style="white-space:nowrap;">ha<sup>−1</sup></span> but declined with increasing N rate. The EONR combined (sites + seasons) were 37, 45, 52 and 60 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span><sup> </sup>and for the profit to cost ratio (PCR) were 2.43, 3.65, 4.86 and 5.79 at difference cost to grain price ratios (CP) = 3.6, 2.3, 1.6 and 1.2 respectively at Miesso Ethiopia. Nitrogen application had economically profitable than P. The study concluded that the application of N at 37 or 60 kg N <span style="white-space:nowrap;">ha<sup>−1</sup></span> to sorghum production could be economically profitable for those economically constrained farmers or economically not constrained farmers. Validation should be farther conducted on farmers’ fields for refining the results obtained.展开更多
Knowledge of potential anaerobic soil N mineralization is important for nitrogen fertilizer application. Instead of time-consuming laboratory incubation, we attempt to use pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) approach to ge...Knowledge of potential anaerobic soil N mineralization is important for nitrogen fertilizer application. Instead of time-consuming laboratory incubation, we attempt to use pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) approach to get this information. 27 soil samples with various soil depths were collected from paddy field, woodland and tea field in subtropical central China, anaerobically incubated at 35°C for 7 weeks to determine N mineralization, which was fitted by a modified double exponential model with two parameters (the fraction of active N pool (f) and mineralization rate constant (k) for active N pool). The PTFs for parameters were developed from significant soil properties using multiple stepwise regression method. Parameter f (range: 1.59% - 10.4%, mean: 5.2%) was mainly correlated with soil total N (TN), organic C (SOC), sand and silt particle contents (r = -0.59 - 0.69, p k (range: 0.027 - 0.155 d-1, mean: 0.97 d-1) was significantly related to TN, SOC, clay content, C to N ratio and pH (r = -0.6 - 0.71, p f (R2 = 0.72, p TN and pH) for parameter k (R2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). The developed PTFs, integrating various land uses and soil depths, suggest that basic soil properties are helpful for estimation of anaerobic soil N mineralization.展开更多
文摘Beniseed is an important oilseed, with high oil content and nutrient composition. The effect of processing (roasting, soaking, boiling, and germination) on proximate, mineral composition, anti-nutrients and functional properties of the beniseed flour were analysed. Also the sensory properties of cookies from blends of wheat and beniseed flours were determined. The results showed that moisture, fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, ash and crude fibre contents of the flours were significantly different and ranged from 3.20% - 4.79%, 34.34% - 50.43%, 15.19% - 30.65%, 18.90% - 22.16%, 4.54% - 6.01% and 4.30% - 7.59%, respectively. Processing significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the anti-nutritional factors and germination gave the highest mineral values in the beniseed flours. Water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming stability, foaming capacity and swelling index, ranged from 1.00 - 1.28, 1.10 - 1.13, 98.72 - 108.82, 2.94 - 19.80 and 1.14 - 1.54 respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that 20% soaked beniseed flour substitution of wheat had no significant difference with 100% wheat cookies. Germinated sample gave a more desired nutrient composition (low fat and carbohydrate, high protein and mineral composition) but performed poorly in sensory attributes. In conclusion, beniseed gave a good flour blend with wheat in baked products, also further processing of the germinated flour to improve the appearance will give more nutritious cookies.
文摘This study was executed to offer the basis for optimized profit from fertilizer use for sorghum yield and to determine robust crop nutrient response function and economic rate for the production of sorghum at Miesso Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Trails were conducted at six experimental sites, sorghum yield response to N and P fertilizers application and economically optimum rates of nitrogen (EONR) and phosphorus (EOPR) were evaluated on a vertisols within the semi-arid Miesso districts west Hararge zone of Oromia region. The nutrient rates in 2014 cropping season four levels of Nitrogen (N) alone, these levels with 20 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> Phosphorus (P) and without N, 69 kg<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup> N with three levels of P treatments including the zero control were evaluated. In 2015, cropping season similar rates of N alone, the same rate N with 20 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> P, 92 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> N with three rates of P including the zero control were evaluated. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications in factorial design. Nutrient responses of sorghum were determined using asymptotic quadratic plateau functions. The significantly highest nitrogen rate was 46 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> alone in 2014 season, which gave grain yield of 2.56 Mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·ha<sup>−1</sup></span><sup> </sup>with a maximum yield advantage of 43%. P rates in both seasons and combined (sites + seasons) were not significantly influenced sorghum yield. Nitrogen agronomic and partial factor productivity peaked at 23 kg N <span style="white-space:nowrap;">ha<sup>−1</sup></span> but declined with increasing N rate. The EONR combined (sites + seasons) were 37, 45, 52 and 60 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span><sup> </sup>and for the profit to cost ratio (PCR) were 2.43, 3.65, 4.86 and 5.79 at difference cost to grain price ratios (CP) = 3.6, 2.3, 1.6 and 1.2 respectively at Miesso Ethiopia. Nitrogen application had economically profitable than P. The study concluded that the application of N at 37 or 60 kg N <span style="white-space:nowrap;">ha<sup>−1</sup></span> to sorghum production could be economically profitable for those economically constrained farmers or economically not constrained farmers. Validation should be farther conducted on farmers’ fields for refining the results obtained.
文摘Knowledge of potential anaerobic soil N mineralization is important for nitrogen fertilizer application. Instead of time-consuming laboratory incubation, we attempt to use pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) approach to get this information. 27 soil samples with various soil depths were collected from paddy field, woodland and tea field in subtropical central China, anaerobically incubated at 35°C for 7 weeks to determine N mineralization, which was fitted by a modified double exponential model with two parameters (the fraction of active N pool (f) and mineralization rate constant (k) for active N pool). The PTFs for parameters were developed from significant soil properties using multiple stepwise regression method. Parameter f (range: 1.59% - 10.4%, mean: 5.2%) was mainly correlated with soil total N (TN), organic C (SOC), sand and silt particle contents (r = -0.59 - 0.69, p k (range: 0.027 - 0.155 d-1, mean: 0.97 d-1) was significantly related to TN, SOC, clay content, C to N ratio and pH (r = -0.6 - 0.71, p f (R2 = 0.72, p TN and pH) for parameter k (R2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). The developed PTFs, integrating various land uses and soil depths, suggest that basic soil properties are helpful for estimation of anaerobic soil N mineralization.
