Nutrient drink test: A promising new tool for irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a highly prevalent condition. It is diagnosed on the basis of chronic symptoms after the clinical and/or investigative exclusion of organic diseases that can cause similar symptoms. There is no reproducible noninvasive test for the diagnosis of IBS, and this raises diagnostic uncertainty among physicians and hinders acceptance of the diagnosis by patients.Functional gastrointestinal(GI) syndromes often present with overlapping upper and lower GI tract symptoms, now believed to be generated by visceral hypersensitivity. This study examines the possibility that, in IBS, a nutrient drink test(NDT) provokes GI symptoms that allow a positive differentiation of these patients from healthy subjects.AIM To evaluate the NDT for the diagnosis of IBS.METHODS This prospective case-control study compared the effect of two different nutrient drinks on GI symptoms in 10 IBS patients(patients) and 10 healthy controls(controls). The 500 kcal high nutrient drink and the low nutrient 250 kcal drink were given in randomized order on separate days. Symptoms were assessed just before and at several time points after drink ingestion. Global dyspepsia and abdominal scores were derived from individual symptom data recorded by two questionnaires designed by our group, the upper and the general GI symptomquestionnaires, respectively. Psycho-social morbidity and quality of life were also formally assessed. The scores of patients and controls were compared using single factor analysis of variance test.RESULTS At baseline, IBS patients compared to controls had significantly higher levels of GI symptoms such as gastro-esophageal reflux(P = 0.05), abdominal pain(P =0.001), dyspepsia(P = 0.001), diarrhea(P = 0.001), and constipation(P = 0.001) as well as higher psycho-social morbidity and lower quality of life. The very low incidence of GI symptoms reported by control subjects did not differ significantly for the two test drinks. Compared with the low nutrient drink, IBS patients with the high nutrient drink had significantly more dyspeptic symptoms at 30(P =0.014), 45(P = 0.002), 60(P = 0.001), and 120 min(P = 0.011). Dyspeptic symptoms triggered by the high nutrient drink during the first 120 min gave the best differentiation between healthy controls and patients(area under receiver operating curve of 0.915 at 45 min for the dyspepsia score). Continued symptom monitoring for 24 h did not enhance separation of patients from controls.CONCLUSION A high NDT merits further evaluation as a diagnostic tool for IBS.

Balanced Fertilizer Use through Soil Testing Leads to Higher Yields and Nutrient Contents of Maize Grains

Fertilizers use can be optimized through soil testing and leaf analysis. This paper deals with using soil analysis as a base for fertilizer use in maize. A field experiment was carried out in two summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 with maize (triple hybrid) in Oraby Village, Mariut sector, Alexandria, Egypt. Soil testing shows that soil was clay loam, with high Na and CaCO3 contents with high pH, low organic matter, medium P and K and low micronutrient contents (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu), seven treatments were designed. The most promising treatment was when P and K were increased and micronutrients were added based on soil testing. This treatment resulted in the highest yield with better grain contents of protein and nutrients which indicated that soil-test based on fertilizer use was superior. Soil analysis at the end of the experiment showed higher P and K contents. This approach could be adopted for regions with similar soil conditions in other parts of the world.

STUDIES ON CULTURE CONDITIONS OF BENTHIC DIATOMS FOR FEEDING ABALONE Ⅲ. EFFECTS OF IRON AND SILICON NUTRIENTS AND OF ORTHOGONAL COMBINATIONS OF NITROGEN,PHOSPHORUS,IRON AND SILICON ON GROWTH RATE

Effects of iron and silicon nutrients and of orthogonal combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and silicon on the growth rate of three benthic diatoms were studied by using an in situ OD measurement method. The results of monofactor tests of ironand silicon shawed that Fe-EDTA was bettef than ferric citrate in the culture of these diatoms;that the favourable concentration of Fe-EDTA was about 0.5 mg/L of Fe and that of silicate was 2.5 mg/L of Si or more.The orthogonal test showed that the optimal concentration ratios(mg/L)of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and silicon were: 5. 0: 0. 25: 0.5: 2. 0 for Cocconeis scutellum var. parva; 2.5: 1.0: 1.0: 2.0 for Amphora coffeaeformis; and 5.0: 0. 15: 0.5: 2.0 for N. mollis.

Maximum tolerated volume in drinking tests with water and a nutritional beverage for the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia

AIM: Recently, drinking load tests with water or nutritional beverages have been proposed as diagnostic tools for functional dyspepsia (FD), therefore we sought to reproduce if these tests can discriminate between FD patients and controls in a Mexican population. METHODS: Twenty FD-Rome Ⅱ patients were matched by age and gender with 20 healthy controls. All underwent both drinking tests at a 15 mL/min rate, randomly, 7 d apart. Every 5 min within each test, four symptoms were evaluated (satiety, bloating, nausea and pain) by Likert scales. Maximum tolerated volume (MTV) was defined as the ingested volume when a score of 5 was reached for any symptom or when the test had to be stopped because the patients could not tolerate more volume. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed. RESULTS: FD patients had higher symptom scores for both tests compared to controls (water: t= 4.1, P= 0.001 ＜0.01; Nutren(R): t= 5.2, P= 0.001＜0.01). The MTV forwater and Nutren(R) were significantly lower in FD (water: 1014±288 vs 1749±275 mL; t = 7.9, P = 0.001＜0.01;Nutren(R): 652±168 vs 1278±286 mL; t= 6.7, P = 0.001＜0.01). With the volume tolerated by the controls, the percentile 10 was determined as the lower limit fortolerance. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.90, 0.95 for water and 0.95, 0.95 for Nutren(R) tests.CONCLUSION: A drinking test with water or a nutritional beverage can discriminate between FD patients and healthy subjects in Mexico, with high sensitivity and specificity. These tests could be used as objective, noninvasive, and safe diagnostic approaches for FD patients.

青贮玉米秸秆营养成分和发酵品质的检测技术研究

青贮玉米秸秆的营养成分和发酵品质与反刍动物的生长性能和饲养经济效益息息相关,通常以这两项指标的检测结果作为质量标准。在微生物作用下,玉米秸秆中的糖分转化为有机酸,在提高适口性、改善饲用价值的同时也容易出现发霉变质的问题。但当下比较常用的检测方法存在一定局限性,如感官评价主观性强,难以量化分析,实验室检测方法复杂,程序繁琐,难以满足现代畜牧业的实际需求。所以需要加强对检测技术的研究,力求兼顾快速、准确、易于推广的要求,切实保证青贮玉米秸秆的质量安全,助力畜牧业的高质量发展。

我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量

为了给我国大麦测土施磷提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量研究.结果表明,我国大麦土壤有效磷第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥40.7、24.2~40.7、14.4~24.2、8.6~14.4、5.1~8.6、3.0~5.1、1.8~3.0和<1.8 mg/kg.当磷肥利用率15%~35%时,目标产量3~7.5 t/hm~2籽实大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、9~50、17~100、26~150、34~200、43~250、51~300和60~350 kg/hm~2;目标产量6~15 t/hm~2干草大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量依次为0、9~50、17~100、26~150、34~200、43~250、51~300和60~350 kg/hm~2;目标产量15~45 t/hm~2青贮大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、7~51、15~102、22~153、29~204、36~255、44~306和51~357 kg/hm~2.本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国大麦测土施磷奠定了科学基础.

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与推荐施磷量初步研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施磷提供科学依据,本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与推荐施磷量研究。结果表明,我国燕麦土壤有效磷第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥45、24~45、12~24、6.2~12、3.2~6.2、1.7~3.2、0.9~1.7和<0.9mg/kg。当磷肥当季利用率为15%~35%时,目标产量1.5~6.0t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、4~40、9~80、13~120、17~160、21~200、26~240和30~280kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量依次为0、6~50、13~100、19~150、26~200、32~250、39~300和45~350kg/hm^(2)。本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施磷奠定了科学基础。

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与推荐施氮量研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施氮提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡―地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与推荐施氮量研究.结果表明,我国燕麦土壤碱解氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥389、219~389、123~219、70~123、39~70、22~39、13~22和<13 mg/kg;土壤全氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥5.0、2.8~5.0、1.5~2.8、0.9~1.5、0.5~0.9、0.3~0.5、0.2~0.3和<0.2 g/kg;土壤有机质第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥64、39~64、23~39、14~23、9~14、5~9、3~5和<3 g/kg.当氮肥利用率30%~50%时,目标产量1.5~6.0 t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0、9~60、18~120、27~180、36~240、45~300、54~360和63~420 kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15 t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施氮量依次为0、14~80、29~160、43~240、58~320、72~400、86~480和101~560 kg/hm^(2).本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施氮奠定了科学基础.

测土配方施肥对玉米产量和养分利用率的影响

为指导阿克苏市玉米科学合理施肥,提高肥料利用率,实现化肥减量目标,以金谷玉6号为试验材料,研究测土配方施肥对玉米产量及养分利用率的影响。结果表明:测土配方施肥处理(施尿素446.7 kg/hm^(2)、重过磷酸钙375 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸钾156 kg/hm^(2))对玉米生长、产量及经济效益均有促进作用,净收入可达19 140.45元/hm^(2);养分利用率分别为氮肥36.26%,磷肥17.39%,钾肥41.99%。

加速试验和长期试验对婴幼儿配方乳粉营养素衰减率影响的对比分析

参照《婴幼儿配方乳粉产品稳定性研究指南(试行)》中的相关要求与方法,考察婴幼儿配方乳粉在加速试验和长期试验中营养素的衰减情况。结果表明:宏量营养素和脂肪酸在加速试验和长期试验中相对比较稳定,衰减率在5%以内;维生素在加速试验和长期试验中未出现明显衰减,衰减率在10%以内;矿物质中碘在加速试验中出现明显衰减,最高衰减率为11.37%,其他矿物质未出现明显衰减;可选择成分在加速试验和长期试验中相对比较稳定,衰减率在5%以内。

基于长期肥力监测的土壤养分动态变化分析

为明确耕地土壤肥力变化特征,进一步提升地力,本文基于1984年第二次土壤普查和2010—2022年20个长期定位监测点的土壤养分主要指标监测数据,分析了该地区耕地有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量动态变化情况。结果表明,2010—2022年监测点土壤有机质平均含量17.82~21.70 g/kg,碱解氮平均含量91.9~138.9 mg/kg,速效磷平均含量18.68~32.13 mg/kg和速效钾平均含量183~230 mg/kg;近13年监测点土壤有机质和碱解氮含量整体呈波动上升趋势,速效磷平均含量呈缓慢下降后逐渐平稳趋势,速效钾平均含量呈波动变化并保持相对平稳趋势,土壤总体养分趋于平衡,土壤整体肥力水平保持上升趋势。

我国西瓜土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量研究

为了给我国西瓜测土施磷提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡—地力差减法新应用公式”,对我国西瓜土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量开展研究。在中国知网数据库检索相关文献,通过建立我国西瓜土壤有效磷含量与缺磷处理相对产量回归方程,划分出土壤有效磷丰缺级别,计算推荐施磷量。结果表明:我国西瓜土壤有效磷第1~6级丰缺指标依次为≥105、35~105、12~35、4~12、2~4m g/k g和<2m g/k g。当季磷肥利用率为15%~35%,目标产量为30~90 t/hm^(2)时,西瓜第1~6级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、8~54、15~108、23~162、31^(2)16 kg/hm^(2)和39^(2)70kg/hm^(2)。研究初步建立了我国西瓜土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施磷系统,为我国西瓜测土施磷奠定了科学基础。

我国西瓜土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量研究

为了确定我国西瓜科学施氮量,本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,对我国西瓜土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量进行了探究。结果表明,我国西瓜土壤碱解氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥298、187~298、117~187、73~117、46~73、29~46、18~29 mg/kg和<18 mg/kg;土壤全氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥7.0、3.5~7.0、1.7~3.5、0.9~1.7、0.5~0.9、0.2~0.5、0.1~0.2、<0.1 g/kg;土壤有机质第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥65、32~65、16~32、8~16、4~8、2~4、1~2、<1 g/kg。当氮肥利用率为30%~50%,西瓜目标产量30~90 t/hm^(2)时,第1~8级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0、12~60、24~120、36~180、48~240、60~300、72~360、84~420 kg/hm^(2)。本研究初步建立了我国西瓜土壤氮素丰缺指标推荐的施肥系统,以期为我国西瓜测土施氮奠定基础。

高分辨质谱技术在食品检测中的应用研究

随着科技的不断进步,高分辨质谱技术在食品检测领域中的应用越来越广泛。高分辨质谱技术以其高灵敏度、高分辨率和高准确度的特点,在食品中有害物质、营养成分以及食品添加剂等的检测中表现出色。本文探讨了高分辨质谱技术在食品检测中的具体应用及其优势,以期为食品质量监管提供技术参考。

控释复合肥料的养分释放特性及其对不同花卉生长的影响

为探讨包膜质量分数分别为3%、4%、5%、6%的聚氨酯包膜控释复合肥料的养分释放特性和对花卉生长的影响,以市售的控释复合肥料为对照(CK)处理,开展了养分释放特征试验和以鸡冠花、鼠尾草为试验对象的盆栽试验及淋溶试验。结果表明:随着包膜量的增加,聚氨酯包膜控释复合肥料的养分释放率减小,有效延长了肥料的养分释放期;与CK处理相比,包膜量为4%、5%的聚氨酯包膜控释复合肥料分别显著提高了鸡冠花和鼠尾草的植株鲜质量;CK处理的淋溶液电导率(EC值)随时间延长不断减小,而聚氨酯包膜控释复合肥料淋溶液的EC值呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,可有效延缓土壤养分的流失。包膜量为4%~5%的聚氨酯包膜控释复合肥料可促进供试花卉的生长,有效提高肥料利用率,减轻对环境的污染。

鄂托克前旗羊肉品质检测和安全鉴定的现状研究

本文探讨了鄂托克前旗羊肉品质检测和安全鉴定的研究现状。检测内容涵盖感官品质、理化指标、微生物指标以及营养成分等方面,采用专业评分系统、先进仪器设备和现代生物技术进行检测;安全鉴定则重点关注农兽药残留、重金属污染、添加剂使用情况以及生物毒素等。检测报告由农业农村部乳品质量检验测试中心出具,详细记录了样品的检测信息、检测项目及其实测结果,这些研究数据为鄂托克前旗羊肉产业的持续健康发展提供了有益参考。

玫瑰花渣化学成分与营养成分研究

对玫瑰花加工后的废水液进行了化学成分预试,并分析了花渣的营养成分,结果表明,废水中含有黄酮、有机酸、酚类、鞣质、生物碱、糖、氨基酸和蛋白质等;浸膏得率为花重的6.795%,浸膏中的黄酮类含量高达8.165%;玫瑰花渣营养成分丰富,是一种值得进一步开发利用的天然原料。

高尔夫球场土壤养分测试与诊断

通过对北京国际高尔夫俱乐部和京南永乐高尔夫球会球道土壤N、P、K、Si等养分含量的测定、分析并结合国内外相关指标,对高尔夫球场肥力状况作了评价。结果认为,目前球场总体N和P的含量偏低,K含量比标准偏高。

四种营养盐对舟形藻(Navicula)BT001生长速率的影响

以I.A.M.收集的培养基Ⅱ为基本培养基,采用单因子和L16(45)正交设计法,进行了舟形藻BT001对N、P、Fe、Si四种营养盐最适需求的研究,并在此基础上,研究了尿素对正交优化组合的影响以及以尿素作为氮源对正交优化组合的影响。结果表明,N、P、Fe、Si四种营养盐最佳单因子水平为:KNO3,300mg/L;Na2HPO4·12H2O,40mg/L;FeCl3,4mg/L;Na2SiO3·9H2O,200mg/L。四种营养盐正交组合水平为:KNO3,150mg/L;Na2HPO4·12H2O,40mg/L;FeCl3,4mg/L;Na2SiO3·9H2O,200mg/L。在正交组合水平基础上,添加16mg/LCO(NH2)2,可更好的促进该藻的生长和繁殖。在8天的培养中,最大细胞相对生长率可达0.1577。在等摩尔氮源的条件下,以CO(NH2)2代替正交优化水平组合中的KNO3对舟形藻BT001进行11天的培养。结果表明,以CO(NH2)2为氮源的藻细胞最大生长密度可达2.69×105cell/ml,明显地高于硝酸钾作为氮源培养的藻细胞密度。

基于单片机的四通道数据采集器设计

为提高基于离子选择性电极的土壤养分检测效率和降低检测仪器成本,研发了一款可用于离子选择性电极电势信号采集的四通道数据采集器;采集器以16位超低功耗MSP430F149单片机作为处理器,电极电势信号经信号调理模块和外扩的16位模数转换器送至中央处理器进行数据处理,并将检测结果在液晶显示器上显示;设计完成了与国外进口离子计M555的对比实验,实验结果表明,数据采集器检测精度可达0.1mV,两者的检测结果具有较好的一致性,基本满足离子选择性电极信号采集的要求,可同时完成4个参数的检测,检测效率得到提高;该数据采集器还具有操作简单、使用方便的特点,在土壤养分检测中具有一定的使用价值。