Effect of Euchsaena mexicana Schrad Diets on Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Metabolism for Wulong Goose

One trial was conducted to study nutrition digestibility of Euchsaena mexicana Schrad (EMC) diets for Wulong Goose. Thirty-two geese of 9 months old were selected and divided into four groups randomly, with eight geese in each group. Four groups were fed with the isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets of different EMC contents (12, 19, 25 and 31%), respectively. The results showed that, as dietary EMC increased, dry matter (DM) digestibility was decreased significantly, meanwhile the digestibility of crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) increased significantly (P<0.05). The ratio of apparent essential amino acid (EAA) digestibility (except Leu) among the four groups had significant difference (P<0.01). the content of NH3-N in feces dropped (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in net protein utilization (NPU), N apparent digestibility, N deposition and Ca apparent digestibility in different groups (P> 0.05). The apparent digestibility of P in different groups elevated, while there was significant difference between group D and A (P<0.01), and there was significant difference between group D and B (P<0.05).

Effects of Different Operative Procedures on the Digestive and Nutritional Status of Patients Treated with a Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Postgastrectomy syndromes evoked by the loss of several gastric functions after total or subtotal gastrectomy are very common. Dif- ferent kinds of reconstruction have been developed to overcome the problem. Patients with preservation of a duodenal passage and jejunal interposition with or without a pouch show a better quality of life and mini- mal symptoms postoperatively. A jejunal interposition with or without a pouch after proximal or distal subtotal gastrictomy seems to improve the nutritional condition and quality of life. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), Visick score, Spitzer index and the European Organization for Re- search and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaire (QLQ-C30) are available to evaluate the quality of life and nutritional status after gastrec- tomy.

Direct-fed microbial: Animal nutrition and reproduction responses

Manipulating the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem to enhance animal performance and reproductive responses has been one of the main goals of animal science researchers and veterinarians.Recent restrictions to the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters led researchers to seek alternative practices that can show promise both from the standpoint of efficacy as well as from the practical and economic aspects.One of the alternatives that surfaced as very promising in the last few decades is the use of direct-fed microbials （DFM） as a means to modulate the effects of the gastrointestinal microbiome on the host immune status, health and productivity.

Effect of Food on Specific Dynamic Action(SDA) of Green and Red Types of Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)

Specific dynamic action(SDA), the energy expended on all physiological processes that is associated with meal digestion and absorption, is strongly affected by food type. Effects of formulated diet(FMD), macroalgae(ALG) and sea mud(SMD) diets on the postprandial metabolic response of the green type and the red type of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) were studied in order to understand their feeding physiology. Food offered to A. japonicus was different in protein, lipid content and energy but not in meal mass. SDA of A. japonicus resulted in a 1.3–2.7 folds of increase in oxygen consumption that can persist for up to 4.8–31.7 h after digesting three different diets. In a given type of sea cucumber, the magnitude of SDA was the highest when fed with FMD, medium with ALG, and the lowest with SMD, which is probably due to the differences in diet components and protein contents. The red type sea cucumber showed greater SDA magnitude than the green type with each diet treatment, which might result from the difference in factorial scope between the two types of sea cucumber. However, the smallest magnitude or even no difference was observed between the two types of A. japonicus in SMD group, perhaps owing to the poor nutrition and digestion of sea mud.