Exploring Nutritional Compositions,Volatile Compounds,Health Benefits,Emerging Processing Technologies,and Potential Food Products of Glutinous Rice:A Review

Glutinous rice(Oryza sativa var.glutinosa)stands out as one of the most popular rice varieties globally,amidst thousands of rice cultivars.Its increasing popularity is attributed to its rich nutritional compositions and health benefits.This review aims to summarize the nutritional compositions,volatile compounds,and health benefits of glutinous rice.Further,in-depth studies are necessary to explore the utilization of glutinous rice in enhancing processing technologies and developing new food products.Glutinous rice has been shown to possess numerous health benefits,including antioxidant activity,bioactive compounds,anti-cancer properties,anti-inflammatory effects,anti-diabetic potential,and cholesterol-lowering effects.Besides its nutritional compositions,the major volatile compounds identified in glutinous rice could serve as a functional food for human consumption.Emerging processing technologies related to glutinous rice are elaborated to improve the latest developments for incorporating them into various food products.

Using AI and Precision Nutrition to Support Brain Health during Aging

Artificial intelligence, often referred to as AI, is a branch of computer science focused on developing systems that exhibit intelligent behavior. Broadly speaking, AI researchers aim to develop technologies that can think and act in a way that mimics human cognition and decision-making [1]. The foundations of AI can be traced back to early philosophical inquiries into the nature of intelligence and thinking. However, AI is generally considered to have emerged as a formal field of study in the 1940s and 1950s. Pioneering computer scientists at the time theorized that it might be possible to extend basic computer programming concepts using logic and reasoning to develop machines capable of “thinking” like humans. Over time, the definition and goals of AI have evolved. Some theorists argued for a narrower focus on developing computing systems able to efficiently solve problems, while others aimed for a closer replication of human intelligence. Today, AI encompasses a diverse set of techniques used to enable intelligent behavior in machines. Core disciplines that contribute to modern AI research include computer science, mathematics, statistics, linguistics, psychology and cognitive science, and neuroscience. Significant AI approaches used today involve statistical classification models, machine learning, and natural language processing. Classification methods are widely applicable to problems in various domains like healthcare, such as informing diagnostic or treatment decisions based on patterns in data. Dean and Goldreich, 1998, define ML as an approach through which a computer has to learn a model by itself from the data provided but no specification on the sort of model is provided to the computer. They can then predict values for things that are different from the values used in training the models. NLP looks at two interrelated concerns, the task of training computers to understand human languages and the fact that since natural languages are so complex, they lend themselves very well to serving a number of very useful goals when used by computers.

A Study on the Effect of Staged Enteral Nutrition Health Education on the Rehabilitation of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Objective:To analyze the influence of stage-specific enteral nutrition health education on the rehabilitation outcomes of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB).Methods:A total of 120 patients with UGIB,treated between August 2021 and August 2023,were randomly divided into two groups:the observation group and the control group.The control group received standard enteral nutrition nursing intervention,while the observation group received an additional stage-specific enteral nutrition health education intervention based on the control group’s method.The intervention status of the two groups was then evaluated.Results:Before the intervention,the serum hemoglobin levels of the two groups were comparable(P>0.05).After the intervention,the nutritional indicators in the observation group improved significantly and were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the observation group had shorter bed activity times and hospitalization periods,a lower rate of abandonment of nutritional preparations,and a higher quality of life compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of stage-specific enteral nutrition health education in the treatment of patients with UGIB helps accelerate the rate of recovery,improve nutritional indexes,and enhance the quality of life of patients.

Evaluation of the Application Effect of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Therapy Combined with a Health Belief Education Model in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Objective:To evaluate the application effect of enteral and parenteral nutrition therapy combined with a health belief education model in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Methods:80 patients with inflammatory bowel disease admitted to the Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation were chosen.This study was carried out from August 2022 to October 2023.The patients were randomly divided into a study group(40 cases)and a control group(40 cases).The treatment plan for the control group was the conventional treatment model,while the treatment plan for the study group was to provide enteral and parenteral nutrition therapy combined with a health belief education model based on the control group.The efficacy of both groups was compared.Results:In the study group,the therapeutic effect for 31 patients(77.50%)was markedly effective and 7 was effective(17.50%),accounting for 95.0%of the total,which was higher than the control group at 80.0%(P<0.05).The relief time of relevant symptoms in the study group was shorter than that of the control group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there were no differences in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin 10(IL-10),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)between both groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the levels of inflammatory factors in the study group(hs-CRP(8.02±1.13)mg/L,IL-10(9.24±1.25)pg/mL,and TNF-α(7.19±1.04)ng/L)were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Enteral and parenteral nutritional therapy combined with a health belief education model showed significant efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease patients.Patient symptoms were relieved and inflammatory reactions were reduced.This method is worthy of popularization.

Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults： the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND： Sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver dis- ease （NAFLD） share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, and the relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD has been recently investigated. The study investigated whether low skel- etal muscle mass is differentially associated with NAFLD by gender in Korean adults. METHODS： We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The skeletal muscle index （SMI） was obtained by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the weight. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index （FLI） 〉60 in the absence of other chronic liver disease. RESULTS： Among the included subjects, 18.3% （SE： 1.4%） in men and 7.0% （SE： 0.7%） in women were classified as having FLI-defined NAFLD. Most of the risk factors for FLI-defined NAFLD showed a significant negative correlation with the SMI in both genders. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low SMI was associated with FLI-defined NAFLD, inde- pendent of other metabolic and lifestyle parameters in both genders [males： odds ratio （OR）=1.35; 95% confidence inter- val （CI）： 1.17-1.54; females： OR=1.36; 95% CI： 1.18-1.55]. The magnitude of the association between FLI-defined NAFLD and low SMI was higher in middle aged to elderly males （OR-1.50; 95% CI： 1.22-1.84） than in males less than 45 years of age （OR=1.25; 95% CI： 1.02-1.52） and in premenopausal females （OR=l.50; 95% CI： 1.12-2.03） than in postmenopausal females （OR-1.36; 95% CI： 1.20-1.54）.CONCLUSIONS： Low SMI is associated with the risk of FLI- defined NAFLD independent of other well-known metabolic risk factors in both genders. This association may differ ac- cording to age group or menopausal status. Further studies are warranted to confirm this relationship.

Science of Camel and Yak Milks: Human Nutrition and Health Perspectives

Camels and yaks milks are rich in numerous bioactive substances that function beyond their nutritive value. Milk Camel milk is more similar to goat milk and contains less short-chain fatty acids than cow, sheep and buffalo milks, and about 3 times greater vitamin-C than cow milk. One kg of camel milk meets 100% of daily human requirements for calcium and phosphorus, 57.6% for potassium, 40% for iron, copper, zinc and magnesium, and 24% for sodium. Camel milk helps treat liver problems, lowers bilirubin output, lightens vitamin inadequacy and nutrient deficiency, and boosts immunity. Camel milk reduces allergies caused by cow dairy products. Camel milk has low milk fat made mainly from polyunsaturated fatty acids. It lacks ?-lactoglobulin and is rich in immunoglobulins, compatible with human milk. Yak milk has 16.9 - 17.7% solids, 4.9 - 5.3% protein, 5.5 - 7.2% fat, 4.5 - 5.0% lactose, and 0.8 - 0.9% minerals. Yak milk fat is richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein, casein and fat than cow milk. Yak milk casein is used to produce antihypertensive peptides with capacities for producing value-added functional foods and proteins. Continual system-atic education of milk science especially for non-cow species will be an obligation for health implications to be optimally perceived by human populations worldwide.

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0–17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China(CNHSC)was to collect basic data on the nutrition,development,and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based,reliable,and cost-effective approaches.Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions(south,southwest,north,northwest,eastern,central,and northeast China)in China were recruited.A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used.Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions,from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled,resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts.Dietary surveys,health examinations,laboratory testing,and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake,nutritional status,child development,and health status information.Nutrition,health,and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice(KAP)survey.Greater than 100,000 children(38,000 children<6 years of age and 66,000 children6-17 years of age)completed the survey.The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.

Learning about good nutrition with the 5-color front-of-package label"Nutri-Score":an experimental study

The Nutri-Score is a 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label designed to provide consumers with an easily understandable guideline to the healthiness of food products.The impact that the Nutri-Score may have on consumers'choices is unclear since different experimental paradigms have found vastly different effect sizes.In the present study,we have investigated how student participants change a hypothetical personal 1-daydietary plan after a learning phase during which they learn about the Nutri-Scores of the available food items.Participants were instructed to compose a healthy diet plan in order that the question of whether the NutriScore would improve their ability to compose a healthy dietary plan could be investigated,independent of the question of whether they would apply this knowledge in their ordinary lives.We found a substantial(Cohen's d=0.86)positive impact on nutritional quality(as measured by the Nutrient Profiling System score of the Food Standards Agency)and a medium-sized(Cohen's d=0.43)reduction of energy content.Energy content reduction was larger for participants who had initially composed plans with higher energy content.The results suggest that the Nutri-Score has the potential to guide consumers to healthier food choices.It remains unclear,however,whether this potential will be reflected in real-life dietary choices.

Tailored nutritional interventions: A precision approach to managing gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a risk to maternal-fetal health due to uncertain diagnostic criteria and treatment options.Luo's study demonstrated the efficacy of customized nutritional therapies in controlling GDM.Tailored strategies led to significant body weight loss,improved glucolipid metabolism,and fewer prenatal and newborn problems.This holistic approach,which emphasizes the notion of’chrononutrition’,takes into account optimal meal timing that is in sync with circadian rhythms,as well as enhanced sleep hygiene.Implementing tailored dietary therapy,managing meal timing,and ensuring appropriate sleep may improve results for women with GDM,opening up a possible avenue for multi-center trials.

Poverty and Nutritional Health of the Child: Some Evidence from 2005 Demographic and Health Survey of Congo

The objective of this study is to identify the ways in which poverty could affect the nutritional health of the child and to analyze the strength of these links. On the whole, it appears that the relationship between poverty (measured by the wealth index) and health of the child (measured by an anthropometric index) is positive and highly significant.

A cross-cultural study of sustainable nutrition and its environmental impact in Asia and Europe:A comparison of China and Germany

Global challenges such as climate change,biodiversity loss,and health crises necessitate a shift towards sustainable diets.Incorporating sustainability into food-based dietary guidelines(FBDGs)is essential for this shift,and cultural considerations also play a vital role,as food culture significantly influences dietary habits.Considering that Asia and Europe exhibit distinct food cultures,tailored approaches are necessary.Additionally,countries face diverse nutritional challenges,ranging from malnutrition to diet-related diseases,and regional variation in environmental impact necessitates context-specific strategies.Achieving sustainable nutrition depends on understanding cultural influences and regional dynamics.This paper compares China’s and Germany’s dietary guidelines and dietary patterns and their impact on sustainability.It shows that Chinese and German FBDGs only slightly differ,despite the different eating cultures and habits of each country.Alone the recommended amounts for eggs and fish are considerably higher in China than in Germany.However,in both China and Germany,actual dietary patterns deviate from the dietary guidelines.In China,concomitant with economic growth and urbanization,a dietary shift towards increased consumption of animal products and decreased consumption of vegetables and cereals has been observed in the last decades,which has led to a decline in nutritional deficiencies but an increase in obesity and overweight.Obesity and overweight are also on the rise in Germany.A dietary shift could therefore also be beneficial for public health.While following the respective national guidelines would benefit the environment,alternative diets such as a plant-based diet offer even lower environmental footprint.Revising guidelines to prioritize sustainability in addition to health aspects while considering regional contexts and cultural preferences is recommended to foster sustainable eating habits globally.This approach is pivotal for promoting dietary shift towards sustainability on a global scale.

Association between drinking behavior and sleep duration in Chinese adults: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Background:To examine the association between alcohol drinking and short sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods:Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,28,167 records of 15,074 adults longitudinal data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey for the period from 2004 to 2011.A multilevel logistic regression model was employed to explore the association between alcohol drinking and sleep duration.Results:Compared with nondrinking participants,a high drinking frequency was positively correlated with a short sleep duration in both the males(odds ratio(OR)=1.33,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.20–1.48,P<0.001)and females(OR=1.60,95%CI=1.18–2.18,P=0.003)before the covariates were adjusted.After adjusting for age,residence area,education level,marital status,smoking,coffee consumption,tea consumption,and activity level,this association remained significant in the males(OR=1.31,95%CI=1.17–1.46,P<0.001)but not in the females(OR=1.16,95%CI=0.85–1.59,P=0.340).Conclusion:The present results suggest that a high drinking frequency was positively correlated with a short sleep duration in male population.Comprehensive measures therefore need to be implemented to improve sleep duration,especially to increase awareness of the dangers of drinking alcohol.

Plant-based nutrition for healthcare professionals： implementing diet as aprimary modality in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease

Cardiovascular disease remains the world＇s leading cause of death. Yet, we have known for decades that the vast majority of athero-sclerosis and its subsequent morbidity and mortality are influenced predominantly by diet. This paper will describe a health-promoting wholefood, plant-based diet; delineate macro- and micro-nulxition, emphasizing specific geriatric concerns; and offer guidance to physicians andother healthcare practitioners to support patients in successfully utilizing nutrition to improve their health.

Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Number of Comorbidities According to Differences in Household Income Levels in Japan: Analysis from National Health and Nutrition Survey

Though it has been reported that in Western developed countries socioeconomic status is associated with non-communicable diseases (NCD), there are sparse evidence from Japan, midst an income gap that has been pointed out in recent years. Therefore, we examined the presence or absence of NCD and the number of comorbidities according to household income in Japanese, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 2010. 1287 men and 1659 women aged 20 - 79 years from households at 3 income levels (<2, 2 - 5.9, ≥6 million yen) were analyzed. Participants completed questionnaires regarding whether they had been diagnosed with NCD, as well as undergoing clinical laboratory tests. Logistic regression analyses were used for statistical analysis with adjustment for age, gender, household size, and population of municipalities. The prevalences of participants with high, medium, and low income were 22.3%, 57.6%, and 20.2%, respectively. Participants with the lowest income had the highest odds of hypertension (OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.71 [1.29 - 2.26], p p = 0.041), and stroke (5.07 [2.04 - 12.60] p < 0.001). Additionally, prevalences of participants with 2 or 3 NCD (hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia) were 15.0% and 33.0% in high and low income levels, respectively. A low income could contribute to a high prevalence of NCD and large number of comorbidities among Japanese. Establishing a health policy in Japan is needed to enable an optimal health condition and lifestyle regardless of socioeconomic disparities.

NMR-based metabolomics as a significant tool for human nutritional research and health applications

Metabolomics is one of the most reliable and widely used approaches to reveal the identity of a variety of bioactive metabolites.It is referred to as‘Foodomics’in food science and as‘Nutrimetabolomics’in nutrition.Nutrimetabolomics has been effectively used in nutritional sciences for intervention studies,identification of dietary biomarkers,and to study the role of metabolomics phenotyping in personalized nutrition for diet-related disorders,such as type 2 diabetes,obesity,metabolic syndrome,and prediabetes.NMR-based nutrimetabolomics has been preferred over the other approaches due to its reliability,sensitivity,reproducibility,and specificity in detecting metabolites relating to human nutrition and metabolic disorders.Clinical samples such as blood,urine,and feces could be analyzed for specific biomarkers involving NMR spectroscopic investigation followed by chemometric analysis.In this review,we have focused on NMR-based nutrimetabolomics strategies and their role in identifying dietary and disease related biomarkers of significance to human nutrition and health.Moreover,this NMR-based metabolomics can play a significant role in determining,understanding,and regulating metabolites involved in the multidimensional and complex area of functional foods and diet-related metabolic diseases.This will disclose the application of NMR nutrimetabolomics in advanced precision and personalized nutrition,food authentication,and diet-oriented disease management system.

Mother’s Nutritional Knowledge and Practice towards Children under Two Years of Age and Its Impact on Their Health in Abuzaid Albuluk Pediatric Specialized Hospital in 2023

Background: Nutritional knowledge and practise is an important measure to improve dietary habits and food choices. The daily food should contain balanced nutrition as needed to support optimal growth, avoid deficiency diseases and prevent the diseases which might interfere with the children health. Materials & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional non-interventional hospital-based study was carried out among 122 mothers and 122 children by using a non-probability convenience sampling technique in the period of 15 March to 15 April 2023, and using interviews with structural questionnaires, the data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: We found that most of the children had moderate health, while most of the mothers had moderate nutritional knowledge and practise towards their children, also we found that the relationship between mothers’ knowledge and practise and child health was significant (P Conclusion: Mothers’ knowledge and practise among children was moderate and children had moderate health. Wrong beliefs and cultural taboos play major roles in decreasing knowledge and practise.

“No Need to Get Salty” Or Is There? Sodium Functionality as a Consideration in Nutrition Public Health Policy

Aim: Public health professionals focus on both downstream (individual) and upstream (population-level) interventions to reduce sodium consumption and prevent sodium-related chronic diseases. Effective upstream interventions specifically aimed at reducing dietary sodium intake include the implementation of comprehensive nutrition standards that restrict the amount of sodium contained in foods available for purchase. The aim of this work was to identify sought-after foods that did not meet the Philadelphia Nutrition Standards’ sodium limits and reformulate those foods to be standards-compliant and consumer-acceptable. Subject and Methods: Two foods were reformulated for compliancy with the Philadelphia Nutrition Standards’ sodium limits and consumer acceptability: the hoagie roll and soft pretzel. Reformulation included sensory testing and engaging potential manufacturing partners to investigate products’ commercial potential. Results: While hoagie roll reformulation led to a local company manufacturing and selling the reformulated product, soft pretzel reformulation stalled due to lack of consumer acceptability of the reformulated product. Salt contributes desirable characteristics in the texture, taste, and appearance of the soft pretzel, the absence of which consumers found unacceptable. Conclusion: Product reformulation holds great potential to create lower-sodium foods that otherwise have all of the characteristics of the higher-sodium “original” products but requires an understanding of the role of salt in product recipes. Reducing salt without considering its multiple functions in food may result in a product that is unacceptable or even unsafe. A simple four-step tool can help public health practitioners evaluate the extent to which products are suitable for reformulation.

Nutrition Programs through Public Health Centers in Korea

In the peroid of confusion after the Korean War, there was an absolute shortage in the volume of food. The intake of energy and all other nutrients fell short of the recommended dietary intake. To solve the food shortage, there were many food assistant programs through the government channel. With the economic developments during past years, now, there are enough foods for everyone. Thus, food assistant program, which has been the only nutrition program in the government, is no longer needed except for low-income families.Currently, there are not enough nutrition programs in the government. In 1994, about 30 public health center start nutrition programs with the help of Korean Dietetic Association.In this study, kinds of nutrition programs, age, sex and number of participants, the content of programs are studied. The effects of nutrition programs are partially evaluated.Also, problems with current nutrition programs are discussed. Finally, future directions of nutrition programs in the public health centers are discussed

Focusing on individualized nutrition within the algorithmic diet: an in-depth look at recent advances in nutritional science, microbial diversity studies, and human health

A healthy balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle are very closely linked.Whichever the biological link is,it is overwhelming to understand.Modifications in how food is served,divided up,and supervised,such as the introduction of nutritional hygiene standards,food handling practices,and the entry of macro and micronutrients,have had a big impact on human health in the last few decades.Growing evidence indicates that our gut microbiota may affect our health in ways that are at least in part influenced by our diet and the ingredients used in the preparation of our food and drinks,as well as other factors.As a new problem,this one is getting a lot of attention,but it would be hard to figure out how the gut microbiota and nutrition molecules work together and how they work in certain situations.Genetic analysis,metagenomic characterization,configuration analysis of foodstuffs,and the shift to digital health information have provided massive amounts of data that might be useful in tackling this problem.Machine learning and deep learning methods will be employed extensively as part of this research in order to blend complicated data frames and extract crucial information that will be capable of exposing and grasping the incredibly delicate links that prevail between diet,gut microbiome,and overall wellbeing.Nutrition,well-being,and gut microorganisms are a few subjects covered in this field.It takes into account not only databases and high-speed technology,but also virtual machine problem-solving skills,intangible assets,and laws.This is how it works:Computer vision,data mining,and analytics are all discussed extensively in this study piece.We also point out limitations in existing methodologies and new situations that discovered in the context of current scientific knowledge in the decades to come.We also provide background on"bioinformatics"algorithms;recent developments may seem to herald a revolution in clinical research,pushing traditional techniques to the sidelines.Furthermore,their true potential rests in their ability to work in conjunction with,rather than as a substitute for,traditional research hypotheses and procedures.When new metadata propositions are made by focusing on easily understandable frameworks,they will always need to be rigorously validated and brought into question.Because of the huge datasets available,assumption analysis may be used to complement rather than a substitute for more conventional concept-driven scientific investigation.It is only by employing all of us that we will all increase the quality of evidence-based practice.