Experimental study on the failure factors of the O-ring for long-term working

The O-ring in the rotary dynamic sealing system of gas meters should have outstanding long-term sealing performance under the conditions of high and low temperature,which can ensure the safety of gas meters.In this paper,based on the O-ring sealing mechanism,taking the compression set as the main sealing index,a finite element simulation method is used to analyze the failure charac-teristics under different conditions according to the constitutive relation of nitrile rubber.Then,using the orthogonal test method for the O-ring sealing performance index,the main factors which affect the law of long-term test are analysed,and the orthogonal regression mathematical model that can predict the compression set is obtained.Finally,the O-ring is improved according to the model,and the test results show that the performance of the new O-rings with high and low temperature resistance is greatly improved and meets the expected target requirements.

Fluid-solid Interaction Model for Hydraulic Reciprocating O-ring Seals

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of hydraulic reciprocating seals have significant effects on sealing and tribology performances of hydraulic actuators, especially in high parameter hydraulic systems. Only elastic deformations of hydraulic reciprocating seals were discussed, and hydrodynamic effects were neglected in many studies. The physical process of the fluid-solid interaction effect did not be clearly presented in the existing fluid-solid interaction models for hydraulic reciprocating O-ring seals, and few of these models had been simultaneously validated through experiments. By exploring the physical process of the fluid-solid interaction effect of the hydraulic reciprocating O-ring seal, a numerical fluid-solid interaction model consisting of fluid lubrication, contact mechanics, asperity contact and elastic deformation analyses is constructed with an iterative procedure. With the SRV friction and wear tester, the experiments are performed to investigate the elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of the O-ring seal. The regularity of the friction coefficient varying with the speed of reciprocating motion is obtained in the mixed lubrication condition. The experimental result is used to validate the fluid-solid interaction model. Based on the model, The elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of the hydraulic reciprocating O-ring seal are presented respectively in the dry friction, mixed lubrication and full film lubrication conditions, including of the contact pressure, film thickness, friction coefficient, liquid film pressure and viscous shear stress in the sealing zone. The proposed numerical fluid-solid interaction model can be effectively used to analyze the operation characteristics of the hydraulic reciprocating O-ring seal, and can also be widely used to study other hydraulic reciprocating seals.

Influence Analysis of Secondary O-ring Seals in Dynamic Behavior of Spiral Groove Gas Face Seals

The current research on secondary O-ring seals used in mechanical seals has begun to focus on their dynamic properties. However, detailed analysis of the dynamic properties of O-ring seals in spiral groove gas face seals is lacking. In particular a transient study and a difference analysis of steady-state and transient performance are imperative. In this paper, a case study is performed to gauge the effect of secondary O-ring seals on the dynamic behavior（steady-state performance and transient performance） of face seals. A numerical finite element method（FEM） model is developed for the dynamic analysis of spiral groove gas face seals with a flexibly mounted stator in the axial and angular modes. The rotor tilt angle, static stator tilt angle and O-ring damping are selected to investigate the effect of O-ring seals on face seals during stable running operation. The results show that the angular factor can be ignored to save time in the simulation under small damping or undamped conditions. However, large O-ring damping has an enormous effect on the angular phase difference of mated rings, affecting the steady-state performance of face seals and largely increasing the possibility of face contact that reduces the service life of face seals. A pressure drop fluctuation is carried out to analyze the effect of O-ring seals on the transient performance of face seals. The results show that face seals could remain stable without support stiffness and O-ring damping during normal stable operation but may enter a large-leakage state when confronting instantaneous fluctuations. The oscillation-amplitude shortening effect of O-ring damping on the axial mode is much greater than that on the angular modes and O-ring damping prefers to cater for axial motion at the cost of angular motion. This research proposes a detailed dynamic-property study of O-ring seals in spiral groove gas face seals, to assist in the design of face seals.

O-ring橡胶密封圈的耐老化性能研究

通过自然老化、加速老化和介质老化对手表丁腈橡胶O-ring密封圈的耐老化性能进行研究。结果表明,经过40个月常温下自然老化后,O-ring密封圈老化性能未完全失效;在60℃、85℃和100℃三种温度下的加速老化下,24h内对老化性能影响较大,随着加速老化时间的延长,开始进入缓慢老化阶段;其耐盐雾腐蚀性能较好,此外,酒精浸泡30min,对O-ring密封性能无影响。

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE LOAD DECAY AND ITS EFFECT ON LEAK RATE OFO-RING

Experimental studies on load decay and leak rate of O-rings made of two kindsof silicone rubber are conducted. The results show that the characteristic of load decay isrelative to the material and temperature of O-rings; the rate of load decay increases with the riseof temperature; the effects of load decay on leak rate of O-rings are negligible at roomtemperature, but they are notable at high temperature, and they are related to the material ofO-rings. On the basis of study on the theory of load decay and analysis to the results ofexperiments, a theoretical model is developed to describe the load decay characteristic of O-rings,and it matches the experimental data very well. By the study of time-temperature equivalence of loaddecay, the interconvertting equation of test data of load decay at different temperatures isobtained.

New Mini Dental Implant Attachments versus O-ring Attachment after Cyclic Aging: Analysis of Retention Strength and Gap Space

Overdenture as a treatment modality for both partially and fully edentulous patients is costeffective and less expensive. The purpose of the present study was to examine the newly fabricated attachments by comparing them with conventional O-ring attachment in vitro in terms of retention force and cyclic aging resistance. A total of 150 samples were prepared and divided into five groups according to the materials used(O-ring attachment, Deflex M10 XR, Deflex Classic SR, Deflex Acrilato FD, and flexible acrylic resin). The retention force of different attachments was measured by a mini dental implant after three subsequent aging(0, 63, and 126) cycles in the circumstances similar to the oral environment. The gap space between the head of the implant and the inner surface of the attachments was detected. Two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) analysis with multiple comparisons test was applied for statistical analysis. The results showed that Deflex M10 XR had the highest retention force and the lowest gap space after cyclic aging; in addition, by comparing the relative force reduction, the lowest values were obtained in the O-ring attachment and the highest values in the flexible acrylic resin attachment. The retention force measured after cyclic aging for the Deflex M10 XR attachment was greatly improved when compared with the O-ring attachment and other types of attachment materials; in addition, the Deflex M10 XR attachment exhibited the minimum gap space between the inner surface and the mini dental implant head. In conclusion, Deflex M10 XR has the ability to withstand weathering conditions and retains its durable and retentive properties after aging when compared with other attachments.

Failure Mechanism of O-Ring Seals under Extreme Operating Conditions

In this paper the behavior of an O-ring made of NBR rubber was investigated under extreme conditions. The effect of the extreme initial compression, operating pressure and extreme temperature conditions were examined. The rubber material was tested in simple tension, pure shear and equibiaxial tension modes complemented with a Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) to capture the viscoelastic behavior of the material. For the investigation, a large-strain viscoelastic material model was developed by the authors, to take into account the large deformations caused by extreme conditions. Insufficient space during installation causes extreme initial compression consequently leading the material to crack on the contacting outer surfaces. It was found that the excessive strain and friction induced shear stress contributes primarily to this phenomenon. Extreme operating pressure causes the seal to penetrate into the gap between the shaft and the housing. This behavior damages the material and cracks appear on the seal. High strain areas were found in the proximity of the gap in the material. The analysis of the extreme operating temperature showed that during cooling the O-ring can completely loose its ability to seal at -70°C. There are three contributing factors: the speed of cooling, the temperature and the coefficient of thermal expansion.

基于有限单元法密封结构影响因素建模分析

密封圈结构对高压试验装置的密封性、承压性具有直接影响。依据高压试验装置的结构特点,对O型密封结构进行结构参数分析,基于Mooney-Rivlin模型对特性进行分析;利用MARC有限元分析的方法对O型圈进行密封分析,分析不同密封间隙和槽深的尺寸下,接触压应力和Von Mises应力的大小,基于分析结果,优选密封间隙和槽深参数。结果可知:密封间隙为(0.04~0.14)mm间,压缩率为(10~20)%间,能够满足设计承载条件下的密封要求;通过对影响因素分析发现,密封间隙与Von Mises应力正相关,与接触应力负相关;压缩率提升,Von Mises应力先增后降,最大接触应力先降后增;80MPa压力下,较小密封间隙、压缩率对密封结构承载是有利的;通过分析设计密封圈影响趋势,发现参数的最优解为间隙0.043mm,槽深5.357mm,压缩率为10%。分析方法和研究结果可为超高压压力容器O型密封结构设计提供参考依据。

基于ANSYS Workbench的O形橡胶密封圈有限元分析

为了研究O形橡胶密封圈(以下简称O形圈)的压缩率与接触压强的关系,首先通过ANSYS Workbench有限元分析软件对装置结构进行必要的模型简化,其次进行关键的边界条件设置及载荷的施加等操作,最后完成非线性静态有限元分析。采用后处理分析技术,得到该装置结构的变形量及von Mises应力分布图。结合实际工况,分析螺栓预紧力、O形圈压缩率及接触压强之间的关系,保证介质(含压气体或液体)密封的接触压强满足工况需求,确保介质密封的有效性和可靠性。

表面粗糙度对橡塑O形圈往复密封性能的影响

建立三维确定性混合润滑数值仿真模型,该模型采用统一Reynolds方程系统法,耦合了固体力学分析、流体力学分析和接触力学分析;生成非高斯粗糙表面,基于混合润滑模型研究表面粗糙度、自相关长度比值和纹理方向对橡塑O形圈往复密封摩擦力、泄漏率、平均膜厚和接触面积比等密封性能的影响规律。研究表明:低速时随着表面粗糙度的增大,润滑区接触面积比增大,引起摩擦因数增大,平均膜厚先增大后减小,临界接触面积比约为40%;在混合润滑状态时,对于横向纹理粗糙表面,存在合适的自相关长度比值使得密封的摩擦因数和接触面积比最低;当纹理方向θ=π/10时,摩擦因数最小。

一种航天器运动机构O形轴向动密封摩擦阻力研究

针对航天器一种常用的多道冗余O形轴向动密封摩擦阻力偏大的问题,对密封圈压缩率、金属配副表面摩擦因数、装配状态等因素进行仿真和试验研究。通过试验获得密封圈压缩率与摩擦阻力的关系;建立密封圈橡胶材料与轴孔摩擦仿真模型,通过分析获得O形密封圈与不同金属副动摩擦因数可能存在关系,并通过轴孔模拟试验验证仿真结果。通过密封圈磨损部位及应力分析,探究密封圈磨损原因。结果表明:摩擦阻力随密封圈压缩率的增大呈非线性增大趋势,且压缩率越大,摩擦阻力增幅越明显,因此降低密封圈压缩率可有效降低摩擦阻力;影响密封结构摩擦阻力的关键因素在于轴与密封圈之间的摩擦因数,通过在轴表面涂覆润滑膜层,可有效降低主轴摩擦因数,从而降低摩擦阻力。

水泥环破碎器矩形异形活塞密封性能分析

针对传统圆柱形液压活塞承载力不足问题,提出一种矩形异形活塞,研究其在不同工况下的密封性能。基于Abaqus软件建立异形活塞有限元模型,研究介质压力、密封间隙、活塞运动状态以及摩擦因数对密封性能的影响,并分析异形密封环不同位置处的应力分布和翻转情况。结果显示:静密封时,介质压力越大,密封环的最大Mises应力和最大接触应力越大;密封间隙越小,最大Mises应力与最大接触应力越大;相比静密封,内行程过程中最大Mises应力和最大接触应力都有明显增加,且随摩擦因数增加而增加,而外行程中最大Mises应力和最大接触应力相比静密封差异较小;各工况下应力最大值均出现在密封环圆弧段;在活塞运动过程中密封圈并未发生翻转,只是存在位置的平移情况。研究结果证明了异形活塞的可行性以及良好的密封性能,为活塞结构设计与优化提供了依据。

基于加速老化试验的海工装备O形密封圈寿命预测

针对海工装备O形密封圈实际工作中海水的酸碱性和海洋特殊环境,开展O形密封圈老化加速寿命试验。基于橡胶老化经验公式与阿仑尼乌斯加速模型,设计模拟海洋环境的老化加速寿命试验台,在湿度80%、盐度35%(质量分数)、pH值8.22的环境下,开展35、50与65℃下的老化加速试验;建立丁腈橡胶密封圈老化动力学模型,分析不同温度下压缩永久变形率随时间的变化规律,以及温度与老化时间以及压缩永久变形率之间的函数关系,预测海工装备中O形密封圈使用寿命。结果表明:密封圈在相同介质中不同温度下老化时,使用寿命随着温度升高而减少的速度并无明显变化。采用建立的密封圈老化动力学模型,推测出在25~30℃海水环境下密封圈使用寿命在1~1.5年之间,与实际使用寿命基本吻合。

某型飞机舱盖关键元件O形密封圈气密性分析

对某飞机舱盖作动筒异常弹出进行分析,原因是油液中的气体导致油液体积弹性模量变小,可压缩性增强,易发生弹出现象。基于IFAS模型得到含气量与油液体积弹性模量的关系。座舱盖液压操纵系统密封区域均采用O形密封圈进行密封,但由于关键元件粗糙表面特征的存在构成气体泄漏通道,导致座舱盖液压操纵系统中混入气体。因此提出了一种基于Roth模型的泄漏率计算方法,将O形密封圈与金属粗糙表面之间的接触关系,看作弹性金属光滑表面和刚性金属粗糙表面之间的接触关系,对金属粗糙度表面轮廓三角峰均一化排列,从而将泄漏路径定义为梯形通道。基于有限元软件ABAQUS计算密封圈的密封性能系数,分析了表面粗糙度及偏载情况对气体泄漏率的影响;最后通过ANSYS仿真分析与理论结果进行对比。该工作对高精密的密封结构加工设计有着重要指导意义。

基于结构变形理论的深海连接器O形圈密封性能研究

深海连接器是保证海洋装备能够正常运行的信号传输设备,而深海连接器的正常运行在很大程度上依赖于O形圈的密封性能。为此,对深海高压环境导致O形圈发生形变,从而严重影响O形圈的密封性能问题进行了研究。首先,基于结构变形理论,分析了环境压力对于密封结构变形和O形圈压缩量的影响变化;然后,基于有限元法建立了O形密封圈的非线性动密封模型,分析研究了模型网格划分对于模拟结果准确性的影响;接着,分析了结构变形与环境压力之间的关系曲线;最后,研究分析了材料性能、环境压力与密封结构尺寸对于动密封性能的影响。研究结果表明:当网格的实际值为47745,测定值为21685、37934、50707时,其模拟计算结果的误差值均小于2%;密封结构变形和O形圈压缩量的模拟值与理论值的曲线趋势基本一致;材料性能与环境压力的变化会影响动密封性能,在密封结构尺寸中,增大沟槽圆角半径可以增强O形圈的动密封性能。该研究结果可为深海高压环境下O形密封圈的设计与优化提供参考与理论支持。

氟橡胶O形密封圈预成型优化因素分析

本文对FX-17氟橡胶O形密封圈成型过程中坯料软化、坯料薄通、坯料圈成型等预成型工艺控制与优化进行了分析。试验表明,在氟橡胶一段硫化和二段硫化参数一定的情况下,通过对O形密封圈预成型工艺参数优化,预成型前后橡胶O形密封圈内径、线径、拉伸强度等成型质量和性能波动均降低,预成型工艺优化后可以减少氟橡胶O形密封圈尺寸和拉伸强度波动,能够提升氟橡胶O形密封圈加工成型质量和性能。

整体齿啮式高压釜密封结构研究

以整体齿啮式高压釜为研究对象,采用ABAQUS软件,对整体齿啮式高压釜的密封结构进行有限元建模,从O型密封圈材料、硬度、密封槽尺寸3个方面对高压釜密封结构的密封性能进行研究。对不同橡胶材料的强度、耐磨性、耐候性等进行比较,分析了材料硬度,密封槽的深度L、槽口倒角半径R_(1)、槽底倒角半径R_(2)等参数对整体齿啮式高压釜密封结构密封性能的影响。结果表明,适用于该高压釜密封结构的密封圈材料为氟橡胶,氟橡胶的最佳邵氏硬度为85 HA,密封槽最佳参数为L=5 mm、R_(1)=0.6 mm、R_(2)=0.5 mm。

Effect of nitrile butadiene rubber hardness on the sealing characteristics of hydraulic O-ring rod seals

The nitrile butadiene rubber(NBR)hardness effect on the sealing characteristics of hydraulic O-ring rod seals is analyzed based on a mixed lubrication elastohydrodynamic model.Parameterized studies are conducted to reveal the mechanism of the influence of rubber hardness on the static and dynamic behavior of seals.The optimized selections of rubber hardness are then investigated under different conditions.Results show that the low hardness seal is prone to stress concentration due to the extrusion effect under high pressure conditions;it is also more prone to leaking.A high hardness seal can better prevent leakage by reducing film thickness but it will cause large frictional power loss and increase the probability of wear failure.The choice of low hardness is recommended to reduce friction with the premise that leakage requirements are met.

改进YOLOv8n的O型密封圈表面缺陷检测算法研究

针对O型密封圈表面缺陷尺度小且缺陷特征与背景相似性高,存在特征提取困难等问题与工业实时检测的需求,提出一种改进YOLOv8n的YOLO-Oring算法。在卷积计算的基础上,融入线性变化,设计新的CBLGhost模块,减小计算特征图所需的计算资源;针对缺陷与背景相似度高,引入DySample轻量动态上采样模块,使采样点集中在目标区域而忽略背景部分,实现缺陷的有效识别;为提高检测效率,设计C2f-OREPA模块,将复杂的结构重参数转为单卷积层,在保持特征表达能力的同时降低大量训练耗时;为提高算法对小尺度缺陷识别能力,设计DyHeadDCNv3检测头,用于识别多尺度目标,弥补传统标准卷积在长距离建模能力和自适应空间聚合能力上的不足,从而更好地完成检测任务。由于O型密封圈检测数据集缺乏,建立了包括划痕、凹陷、毛刺3类缺陷的1 734张数据集,实验结果表明,YOLO-Oring算法的mAP达到了94.1%,提升了1.3个百分点,FLOPs降低了16%。通过与主流目标检测算法进行比较,结果表明YOLO-Oring算法对O型密封圈表面缺陷有较好的检测性能,更利于工业实时检测。

专一选择性反应策略合成2′-O-甲基腺嘌呤核苷

2′-O-烷基核糖核苷由于其在赋予寡核苷酸高度的目标特异性、代谢稳定性以及优良的药代动力学和药效动力学特征上所展现的重要作用,成为了反义药物研究领域的热点,尤其是2′-O-甲基腺嘌呤核苷,作为第二代反义寡核苷酸的关键原料药,其的高效合成研究具有重要意义。现有合成方法存在的成本高和选择性不足等问题,本文基于专一选择性反应思路设计了一条新的合成路线,即以腺嘌呤核苷为起始物,经过缩醛化实现2′-和3′-位羟基选择性地保护、环状缩醛保护基可控区域选择性还原开环、2′-位羟基选择性甲基化及氢化脱苄反应,成功实现了2′-O-甲基腺嘌呤核苷的高效合成,单程总产率为36.7%。此策略不仅每一步反应表现出高选择性以及温和的反应条件,而且使用的试剂更加廉价易得,合成步骤也相对简短,为核苷类化合物核糖骨架上羟基的区域选择性功能化提供了新的思路。