High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Elucidation of Captopril’s Ozonation and Chlorination By-Products

The article evaluated the degradation of the captopril in aqueous solution after ozonation and chlorination. The process was continuously monitored focusing on the identification, mass spectrometry and elucidation of its by-products by applying direct infusion and high performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry, in the negative ion mode. The cytotoxicity of its by-products solutions were evaluated with 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It was observed through that after 30 min of ozonation and chlorination, there was complete oxidation of captopril, i.e., 100% removal efficiency. At these conditions, the rate of mineralization, by total organic carbon, was only 7.63% for ozonation and 6.40% for chlorination, evidencing the formation of degradation by-products. Ten captopril by-products were identified and their respective chemical structures elucidations are proposed. The treated samples and their by-products were nontoxic to HepG2 cells by MTT assay.

Simultaneous detection of 22 mycotoxins in grape by QuEChERS and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry

To effectively assess the extent of the mycotoxin contamination of grapes,a method was developed to analyze 22 mycotoxins by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS).Samples were extracted and purified using the QuEChERS(quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged,and safe)procedure.The extracts were separated on a BEH Shield C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),using methanol and water with 0.1%formic acid solution and 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate as the mobile phases.The quantification was performed according to a matrix-matched external standard method.There was a good linear relationship within the respective mass concentration ranges of 22 mycotoxins;the correlation coefficients were not less than 0.9981.The limit of quantification was 0.3-10.0μg/kg.Mycotoxin recovery ranged from 68.6%to 109.0%,with a relative standard deviation of 1.28%-12.80%.The method is simple,rapid,highly sensitive,and accurate,making it useful for screening grapes for common and emerging mycotoxins.

Qualitative Analysis of A Sulfur-fumigated Chinese Herbal Medicine by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and High-Resolution Time of Flight MassSpectrometry Using Colorized Fuzzy Difference Data Processing

To investigate the chemical transformation of volatile compounds in sulfur-fumigated Radix Angelicae Sinensis. A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) and high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HR-TOF/MS) with colorized fuzzy difference (CFD) method was used to investigate the effect of sulfur-fumigation on the volatile components from Radix Angelicae Sinensis. Twenty-five compounds that were found in sun-dried samples disappeared in sulfur-fumigated samples. Seventeen volatile components including two sulfur-containing compounds were newly generated for the first time in volatile oils of sulfur-fumigated Radix Angelicae Sinensis. The strategy can be successfully applied to rapidly and holistically discriminate sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Radix Angelicae Sinensis. GCxGC-HR-TOF/MS based CFD is a powerful and feasible approach for the global quality evaluation of Radix Angelicae Sinensis as well as other herbal medicines.

A New Concept for Regulatory Water Monitoring Via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

A combined approach of target,suspected target and non-target screening using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)was used to develop a new concept for water monitoring.With the current LC-MS/MS target approach for water monitoring,all targets can be quantified,but no additional information about the sample is collected.With the new concept,it is possible to detect 97%of the target compounds with a simplified quantification method without losing accuracy.Furthermore,a suspect target screening can be performed to get broader qualitative information about the water samples.In addition,the non-target screening offers the possibility to identify unknown micropollutants.All three evaluation steps depend on the same analytical measurement so that a lot of measurement and quality assurance effort can be saved.This concept could change water monitoring and assessment,and make it much more efficiently without losing information.There is a chance to measure less but learn more about the water bodies.

A high-performance bio-tissue imaging method using air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technology can simultaneously obtain the spatial distribution of thousands of chemical compounds and has unique advantages compared to other techniques that allow mapping the surface of bio-tissue. Here, we combined an air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI) MSI device with a high-resolution mass spectrometer to optimize the system parameters and achieve more accurate spatial distribution characteristics for compounds of interest while investigating bio-tissue sections. The platform set-up, required instrumentation, sample pretreatment, parameter optimization and bio-tissue characterization are described and discussed.Finally, the parameter conditions that can provide optimal ionic intensity and enhanced resolution were confirmed. The reasonable resolution and sensitivity improvements of AFADESI-MSI have been achieved through tandem a high-resolution mass spectrometer system, therefore, it would be a promising technique for the bio-tissue imaging analysis.

Advances in intelligent mass spectrometry data processing technology for in vivo analysis of natural medicines

Natural medicines(NMs)are crucial for treating human diseases.Efficiently characterizing their bioactive components in vivo has been a key focus and challenge in NM research.High-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(HPLC-HRMS)systems offer high sensitivity,resolution,and precision for conducting in vivo analysis of NMs.However,due to the complexity of NMs,conventional data acquisition,mining,and processing techniques often fail to meet the practical needs of in vivo NM analysis.Over the past two decades,intelligent spectral data-processing techniques based on various principles and algorithms have been developed and applied for in vivo NM analysis.Consequently,improvements have been achieved in the overall analytical performance by relying on these techniques without the need to change the instrument hardware.These improvements include enhanced instrument analysis sensitivity,expanded compound analysis coverage,intelligent identification,and characterization of nontargeted in vivo compounds,providing powerful technical means for studying the in vivo metabolism of NMs and screening for pharmacologically active components.This review summarizes the research progress on in vivo analysis strategies for NMs using intelligent MS data processing techniques reported over the past two decades.It discusses differences in compound structures,variations among biological samples,and the application of artificial intelligence(AI)neural network algorithms.Additionally,the review offers insights into the potential of in vivo tracking of NMs,including the screening of bioactive components and the identification of pharmacokinetic markers.The aim is to provide a reference for the integration and development of new technologies and strategies for future in vivo analysis of NMs.

Progress in Analytical Methods of Halogenated Disinfection By-Products

Ensuring the health and safety of drinking water is crucial for both nations and their citizens.Since the 20th century,the disinfection of drinking water,effectively controlling pathogens in water sources,has become one of the significant advances in public health.However,the disinfectants used in the process,such as chlorine and chlorine dioxide,react with natural organic matter in the water to produce disinfection by-products(DBPs).Most of these DBPs contain chlorine,and if the source water contains bromine or iodine,brominated or iodinated DBPs,collectively referred to as Halogenated disinfection byproducts(X-DBPs),are formed.Numerous studies have found that X-DBPs pose potential risks to human health and the environment,leading to widespread concern.Mass spectrometry has become an important means of discovering new types of X-DBPs.This paper focuses on the study of methods for analyzing X-DBPs in drinking water using mass spectrometry.

Driving efficiency in a high-throughput metabolic stability assay through a generic high-resolution accurate mass method and automated data mining

Improving analytical throughput is the focus of many quantitative workflows being developed for early drug discovery.For drug candidate screening,it is common practice to use ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(U-HPLC)coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.This approach certainly results in short analytical run time;however,in assessing the true throughput,all aspects of the workflow needs to be considered,including instrument optimization and the necessity to re-run samples when information is missed.Here we describe a high-throughput metabolic stability assay with a simplified instrument set-up which significantly improves the overall assay efficiency.In addition,as the data is acquired in a non-biased manner,high information content of both the parent compound and metabolites is gathered at the same time to facilitate the decision of which compounds to proceed through the drug discovery pipeline.

Sex Pheromone Components of the Female Black Cutworm Moth in China: Identification and Field Trials

The sex pheromone blend of a China strain of the black cutworm moth Agrotis ypsilon （Rottemberg） （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） was investigated. Chemical analysis of pheromone gland extracts of 3-day-old females showed that individual isolated glands contained only very small amounts of pheromone. The high-resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry （GC-MS） analysis showed the presence of Cis-7-dodecenyl acetate （Z7-12：Ac, A）, Cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate （Z9-14：Ac, B）, Cis- 11-hexadecenyl acetate （Z 11 - 16 ：Ac, C）, Cis-8-dodecenyl acetate （Z8-12：Ac, E） and Cis-5-decenyl acetate （Z5-10：Ac, D） in biologically active pheromone gland extracts. An extract of one gland from a day 3 female gave the following values for the gland components： 0.245±0.098ng for Z7-12：Ac, 0.080±0.031ng for Z9-14：Ac, 0.089±0.033ng for Z11-16：Ac, 0.085±0.031ng for Z5-10：Ac, 0.105±0.065ng for Z8-12：Ac per female. The percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac, Z11-16：Ac, Z5-10：Ac and ZS-12：Ac in pheromone gland extracts from individual females were （meaniSE） 40.451±13.66, 13.176±5.279, 14.943±5.142, 14.392±6.10 and 17.225±9.792 respectively, and the percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac and Z11-16：Ac were 58.75±9.429, 18.91±7.539 and 22.34±7.209. Field trials indicated that each single component of sex pheromone was non-effective and captured no males. The lures baited with duality compound of AB （3 ： 1） had a certain attraction to males, the mean captured number was 2.6. The attraction ability of the lures baited with ternary compound of ABC （3 ： 1 ：1） to males added significantly, the mean captured number per trap was 7.40, which was 2.8 times of duality compound of AB （3 ： 1）. The contents of sex pheromone could obviously affect its capture ability to males, the mean captured number was the highest at the dosage of 200 μg.

在线净化液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速测定动物源性食品中均三嗪类药物及其代谢产物的残留量

基于在线净化液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术建立了快速测定动物源食品中地克珠利、妥曲珠利、妥曲珠利砜和妥曲珠利亚砜残留的分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,经Cyclone在线净化柱净化后,将富集的目标物洗脱转至C_(18)分析柱,经色谱分离后,采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱以Full Scan/dd MS2模式进行检测。4种化合物在0.5~50 ng/m L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.999 4,方法的定量下限(LOQ)为2μg/kg。待测物在4种基质中的加标回收率为80.2%~110.5%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~9.7%。该方法简化了前处理过程,消除了基质干扰。利用精确质量数、保留时间、同位素峰比、二级碎片多个定性信息能够实现快速确证测定。

液相色谱-高分辨质谱法在中国东北地区农作物有机硒形态分析中的应用

随着公众对富硒产品的关注,对富硒农作物中硒含量的研究越来越受到人们的重视。针对现有方法测定农作物有机硒的基体效应和多原子离子质谱干扰问题,本研究利用液相色谱与抗干扰能力强的四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱相结合,建立了农产品中有机硒的形态分析方法。经优化以超声波辅助蛋白酶XIV提取农作物中有机硒,用Waters Symmetry RP18液相色谱柱分离,以纯水和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正、负离子切换同时测定了硒代蛋氨酸、硒代胱氨酸、甲基硒代半胱氨酸。三种有机硒在负离子模式下采用Full MS/dd-MS2扫描模式对目标物进行定性筛查和确证,三种有机硒在5~500μg/L的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.997,检出限为1.0~4.7μg/kg,回收率为76.4%~116.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤6.5%。与现有方法比较,本方法线性范围宽,适用于多种谷物和蔬菜类样品的分析。将建立的方法应用于测定中国粮食主产区黑龙江地区多种农作物的可食部分,结果发现谷类中以硒代蛋氨酸为主,蔬菜类以甲基硒代半胱氨酸为主,并且该地区农作物的有机硒含量处于较低水平,亟待强化补硒。

超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速筛查水产品中邻苯二甲酸酯和酚类环境雌激素

目的建立超高效液相色谱-四级杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法同时快速筛查和分析水产品中14种邻苯二甲酸酯以及3种酚类(壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A)环境雌激素的分析方法。方法样品经乙腈提取后,经Silica/PSA固相萃取小柱净化,用ACQUITY UPLC@BENC_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm)分离,以甲醇和0.01%氨水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱正负子切换FullMS/ddMS^2扫描方式同时测定17种环境雌激素。以保留时间和全扫描获得的化合物的精确质量数,实现对目标物的快速筛查;以自动触发采集的二级质谱图进行定性确证。结果 17种化合物的精确质量数相对质量偏差小于5×10^(-6);线性良好,相关系数(r^2)大于0.99;该方法的检出限≤5μg/kg,回收率为70.6%~114.3%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSDs)为5.5%~14.3%。结论该方法适用于水产品中多种环境雌激素的高通量快速筛查和定量分析。

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查水产品中28种农药类环境激素

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查和分析水产品中28种农药类环境激素的方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,Captiva ND Lipids小柱净化,用Acquity UPLC@BEN C18色谱柱(2.1mm×50 mm,1.7μm)分离,以甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用正、负离子切换同时测定了28种农药类环境激素,大大提高了检测通量。以全扫描模式下提取的保留时间和一级母离子精确质量数以及同位素丰度比,实现对水产品中多种农药类环境激素的快速筛查;以自动触发采集的二级碎片离子精确质量数进行确证。结果表明,目标化合物的线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)大于0.99;除乙草胺、腐霉利和杀螟硫磷外,其他化合物的检出限不大于10μg/kg,回收率为65.7%~98.9%,相对标准偏差为6.2%~11.3%。该方法简单、准确、快速、可靠,适用于水产品中多种农药类环境激素的高通量快速定性筛查和定量分析。

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查染发剂中32种染料成分

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查和分析染发剂中32种禁限用染料的分析方法。样品经甲醇-2g/L抗坏血酸水溶液溶解提取,正己烷净化,用ZORBAXEclipsePlusC18(3.0mm×100mm,1.8μm)色谱柱分离,以甲醇-5mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正、负离子切换同时测定了32种染料成分,显著提高了检测通量。以全扫描模式下提取的保留时间和一级母离子精确质量数以及同位素丰度比,实现对染发剂中多种染料成分的快速筛查;以自动触发采集的二级碎片离子精确质量数进行确证。32种染料在相应的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99;定量下限(LOQ)为0.2~40μg/g,回收率为81.0%~110%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3%~9.9%。该方法简单、准确、快速,适用于染发剂中多种禁限用染料成分的高通量快速定性筛查和定量分析。

基于高分辨质谱的化妆品中防腐剂类致敏成分高通量检测方法的建立及应用

目的基于静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱,建立化妆品中异噻唑啉酮类、甲醛释放剂、对羟基苯甲酸酯类、酸类4大类防腐剂类致敏成分的高通量检测方法,并应用于实际样品中致敏成分的筛查与定量分析。方法利用致敏成分标准品通过高分辨质谱正负离子切换FullMS/ddMS2扫描方式分析,获得多种致敏成分的保留时间、一级母离子和二级碎片离子精确质量数,构建致敏成分筛查谱库。样品经50%甲醇水溶液超声提取后,经ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (3.0 mm×100 mm, 1.8μm)色谱柱分离,采用高分辨质谱分析,利用TraceFinder软件对化妆品中致敏成分与谱库相关信息匹配,实现目标物的高通量筛查确证,筛查确认后利用一级母离子外标法迚行致敏成分的定量分析。结果筛查方法既有一级母离子精确质量数和保留时间,又有二级碎片离子信息,其筛查确证结果可靠;目标化合物在相应的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r^2>0.99),检出限为0.2~20μg/g,回收率为85.6%~109.7%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~12.8%,能够满足检测需求。结论该方法简单、准确、快速,可用于化妆品中多种致敏成分的高通量快速筛查和定量分析。

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查测定几种食品中的8种碱性色素

本文研究了超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速测定面包、橙汁、卤豆干等食品中8种碱性色素的方法。样品用乙酸乙酯提取后,以C18(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱分离,乙腈和10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,在正负离子切换模式下检测8种碱性色素。在全扫描模式下提取8种碱性色素的保留时间和一级母离子精确质量数以及同位素丰度比,实现对食品中8种碱性色素的快速测定;以自动触发采集的二级碎片离子精确质量数进行确证。8种碱性线性关系较好,相关系数(R2)大于0.99,回收率在82.2%~105.3%之间,相对标准偏差在6.0%~9.9%之间。该方法简单、快速、可靠,可定性筛查和定量分析食品中8种碱性色素。

静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱筛查辣椒粉中7种酸性色素

建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速分析辣椒粉中7种酸性色素的方法。样品经甲醇∶水(1∶1,体积比)提取后,用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈和10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在正负离子切换模式下测定7种酸性色素。在全扫描模式下提取7种酸性色素的保留时间和一级母离子精确质量数以及同位素丰度比,实现对辣椒粉中7种酸性色素的快速测定;以自动触发采集的二级碎片离子精确质量数进行确证。结果表明,目标化合物的线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)大于0.99,回收率为78.6%~105.3%,相对标准偏差为3.5%~6.3%。该方法适用于辣椒粉中7种酸性色素的快速定性筛查和定量分析。

基于UHPLC-Q-ExactiveMS分析鉴定隐丹参酮在大鼠体内的代谢产物

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-ExactiveMS)法对隐丹参酮在大鼠体内的代谢产物进行分析鉴定。大鼠单次灌胃后,收集不同时间点的血浆以及24h内的尿液和粪便,应用固相萃取法处理生物样品,采用AcquityUPLCBEHC18色谱柱(2.1mm×100mm×1.7μm),以0.1%甲酸溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源正离子模式下对生物样品进行分析。结合精确分子质量、碎片离子信息及相关文献报道,共分析鉴定出45种代谢产物。结果表明,隐丹参酮在大鼠体内的主要代谢途径为还原、羟基化、去甲基化、葡萄糖醛酸化、S-半胱氨酸结合、脱一氧化碳、脱氢、脱乙基以及它们的复合反应等。本研究阐明了隐丹参酮在大鼠体内的代谢情况,可为进一步研究其药效物质基础及质量标准提供依据。

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查辣椒粉中10种苏丹类色素

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速分析辣椒粉中苏丹橙G、苏丹黄、苏丹红G、苏丹红7B、苏丹蓝Ⅱ、苏丹黑B、苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ和苏丹红Ⅳ等10种苏丹类色素的方法。样品经正己烷提取,于40℃下氮气吹干后,用1mL乙腈溶解,用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C_(18)(3.0mm×100mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在全扫描模式下提取10种苏丹类色素的保留时间和一级母离子精确质量数以及同位素丰度比,实现了对辣椒粉中10种苏丹类色素的快速测定;以自动触发采集的二级碎片离子精确质量数进行确证。结果表明,目标化合物的线性关系良好,相关系数(r^2)大于0.99;各化合物的检出限不大于25.0μg/kg,回收率为81.6%~109.3%,相对标准偏差为5.3%~8.9%。该方法简单、准确、快速,适用于辣椒粉中10种苏丹类色素的方法的快速筛查。

轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速筛查饮料中的杨梅红、胭脂虫红和紫草红

对轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速分析饮料中杨梅红、胭脂虫红和紫草红的方法进行了研究。使用甲醇提取样品,用轨道阱高分辨质谱仪分析。通过保留时间和二级碎片离子等信息,实现对杨梅红、胭脂虫红和紫草红定性和定量,并建立筛查数据库,提高了筛查的可靠性。结果显示,杨梅红、胭脂虫红和紫草红线性关系和回收率均良好,检出限在200~500μg/kg;相对标准偏差在4.0%~9.2%。该方法简单、可靠,可以对饮料中杨梅红、胭脂虫红和紫草红进行快速筛查和分析。