Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis of Changes in Land Cover in the Coastal Zones of the Red River Delta (Vietnam)

The majority of the population and economic activity of the northern half of Vietnam is clustered in the Red River Delta and about half of the country’s rice production takes place here. There are significant problems associated with its geographical position and the intensive exploitation of resources by an overabundant population (population density of 962 inhabitants/km2). Some thirty years after the economic liberalization and the opening of the country to international markets, agricultural land use patterns in the Red River Delta, particularly in the coastal area, have undergone many changes. Remote sensing is a particularly powerful tool in processing and providing spatial information for monitoring land use changes. The main methodological objective is to find a solution to process the many heterogeneous coastal land use parameters, so as to describe it in all its complexity, specifically by making use of the latest European satellite data (Sentinel-2). This complexity is due to local variations in ecological conditions, but also to anthropogenic factors that directly and indirectly influence land use dynamics. The methodological objective was to develop a new Geographic Object-based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) approach for mapping coastal areas using Sentinel-2 data and Landsat 8. By developing a new segmentation, accuracy measure, in this study was determined that segmentation accuracies decrease with increasing segmentation scales and that the negative impact of under-segmentation errors significantly increases at a large scale. An Estimation of Scale Parameter (ESP) tool was then used to determine the optimal segmentation parameter values. A popular machine learning algorithms (Random Forests-RFs) is used. For all classifications algorithm, an increase in overall accuracy was observed with the full synergistic combination of available data sets.

An Object-based Approach for Two-level Gully Feature Mapping Using High-resolution DEM and Imagery： A Case Study on Hilly Loess Plateau Region, China

Gully feature mapping is an indispensable prerequisite for the motioning and control of gully erosion which is a widespread natural hazard. The increasing availability of high-resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and remote sensing imagery, combined with developed object-based methods enables automatic gully feature mapping. But still few studies have specifically focused on gully feature mapping on different scales. In this study, an object-based approach to two-level gully feature mapping, including gully-affected areas and bank gullies, was developed and tested on 1-m DEM and Worldview-3 imagery of a catchment in the Chinese Loess Plateau. The methodology includes a sequence of data preparation, image segmentation, metric calculation, and random forest based classification. The results of the two-level mapping were based on a random forest model after investigating the effects of feature selection and class-imbalance problem. Results show that the segmentation strategy adopted in this paper which considers the topographic information and optimal parameter combination can improve the segmentation results. The distribution of the gully-affected area is closely related to topographic information, however, the spectral features are more dominant for bank gully mapping. The highest overall accuracy of the gully-affected area mapping was 93.06% with four topographic features. The highest overall accuracy of bank gully mapping is 78.5% when all features are adopted. The proposed approach is a creditable option for hierarchical mapping of gully feature information, which is suitable for the application in hily Loess Plateau region.

Object-based classification of cloudy coastal areas using medium-resolution optical and SAR images for vulnerability assessment of marine disaster

Efficient and accurate access to coastal land cover information is of great significance for marine disaster prevention and mitigation.Although the popular and common sensors of land resource satellites provide free and valuable images to map the land cover,coastal areas often encounter significant cloud cover,especially in tropical areas,which makes the classification in those areas non-ideal.To solve this problem,we proposed a framework of combining medium-resolution optical images and synthetic aperture radar(SAR)data with the recently popular object-based image analysis(OBIA)method and used the Landsat Operational Land Imager(OLI)and Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar(PALSAR)images acquired in Singapore in 2017 as a case study.We designed experiments to confirm two critical factors of this framework:one is the segmentation scale that determines the average object size,and the other is the classification feature.Accuracy assessments of the land cover indicated that the optimal segmentation scale was between 40 and 80,and the features of the combination of OLI and SAR resulted in higher accuracy than any individual features,especially in areas with cloud cover.Based on the land cover generated by this framework,we assessed the vulnerability of the marine disasters of Singapore in 2008 and 2017 and found that the high-vulnerability areas mainly located in the southeast and increased by 118.97 km2 over the past decade.To clarify the disaster response plan for different geographical environments,we classified risk based on altitude and distance from shore.The newly increased high-vulnerability regions within 4 km offshore and below 30 m above sea level are at high risk;these regions may need to focus on strengthening disaster prevention construction.This study serves as a typical example of using remote sensing techniques for the vulnerability assessment of marine disasters,especially those in cloudy coastal areas.

Night Vision Object Tracking System Using Correlation Aware LSTM-Based Modified Yolo Algorithm

Improved picture quality is critical to the effectiveness of object recog-nition and tracking.The consistency of those photos is impacted by night-video systems because the contrast between high-profile items and different atmospheric conditions,such as mist,fog,dust etc.The pictures then shift in intensity,colour,polarity and consistency.A general challenge for computer vision analyses lies in the horrid appearance of night images in arbitrary illumination and ambient envir-onments.In recent years,target recognition techniques focused on deep learning and machine learning have become standard algorithms for object detection with the exponential growth of computer performance capabilities.However,the iden-tification of objects in the night world also poses further problems because of the distorted backdrop and dim light.The Correlation aware LSTM based YOLO(You Look Only Once)classifier method for exact object recognition and deter-mining its properties under night vision was a major inspiration for this work.In order to create virtual target sets similar to daily environments,we employ night images as inputs;and to obtain high enhanced image using histogram based enhancement and iterative wienerfilter for removing the noise in the image.The process of the feature extraction and feature selection was done for electing the potential features using the Adaptive internal linear embedding(AILE)and uplift linear discriminant analysis(ULDA).The region of interest mask can be segmen-ted using the Recurrent-Phase Level set Segmentation.Finally,we use deep con-volution feature fusion and region of interest pooling to integrate the presently extremely sophisticated quicker Long short term memory based(LSTM)with YOLO method for object tracking system.A range of experimentalfindings demonstrate that our technique achieves high average accuracy with a precision of 99.7%for object detection of SSAN datasets that is considerably more than that of the other standard object detection mechanism.Our approach may therefore satisfy the true demands of night scene target detection applications.We very much believe that our method will help future research.

基于CNN-OBIA的黄河源区水体提取及时空变化

准确识别水体信息是分析地表水时空动态变化的重要技术手段。针对目前各种长时序水体信息提取方法精度低的问题,基于Landsat遥感影像,选用1986~2022年5484景黄河源区遥感影像,分别运用卷积神经网络结合面向对象(CNN-OBIA)和多指数水体检测规则(MIWDR)两种方法提取了黄河源区的地表水体,并对两种方法的提取精度进行了对比分析。在此基础上,探究了1986~2022年黄河源区水体信息的时空变化特征,并对其主要气候因素进行相关分析。结果表明:①CNN-OBIA的总体精度和Kappa系数分别为96.78%和0.93,MIWDR的总体精度和Kappa系数分别为94.28%和0.88,总体而言,CNN-OBIA的提取精度高于MIWDR方法。CNN-OBIA的提取结果可以很好地保持水体边界完整性和有效去除山体阴影,可以较好地对细小河流进行提取。②研究区水体总面积呈现出先减少(1986~2001年)后增加(2001~2022年)的变化趋势。③相关性分析表明,降水和气温与水体面积的变化均表现出显著正相关。

Detecting Slums from SPOT Data in Casablanca Morocco Using an Object Based Approach

Casablanca, Morocco's economic capital continues today to fight against the proliferation of informal settle- ments affecting its urban fabric illustrated especially by the slums. Actually Casablanca represents 25% of the total slums of Morocco [1]. These are the habitats of all deprived of healthy sanitary conditions and judged precarious from the perspective humanitarian and below the acceptable. The majority of the inhabi- tants of these slums are from the rural exodus with insufficient income to meet the basic needs of daily life. Faced with this situation and to eradicate these habitats, the Moroccan government has launched since 2004 an entire program to create cities without slums (C.W.S.) to resettle or relocate families. Indeed the process control and monitoring of this program requires first identifying and detecting spatial habitats. To achieve these tasks, conventional methods such as information gathering, mapping, use of databases and statistics often have shown their limits and are sometimes outdated. It is within this framework and that of the great German Morocco project “Urban agriculture as an integrative factor of development that fits our project de- tection of slums in Casablanca. The use of satellite imagery, particulary the HSR, has the advantage of providing the physical coverage of urban land but it raises the difficulty of choosing the appropriate method to apply.This paper is actually to develop new approaches based mainly on object-oriented classification of high spatial resolution satellite images for the detection of slums.This approach has been developed for mapping the urban land through by integration of several types of information (spectral, spatial, contextual ...) (Hofmann, P ., 2001, Herold et al. 2002b;Van Der Sande et al., 2003, Benz et al., 2004, Nobrega et al., 2006). In order to refine the result of classification, we applied mathematical morphology and in particular the closing filter. The data from this classification (binary image), which then will be used in a spatial data- base (ArcGIS).

An Integrated Framework for Road Detection in Dense Urban Area from High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Lidar Data

Automatic road detection, in dense urban areas, is a challenging application in the remote sensing community. This is mainly because of physical and geometrical variations of road pixels, their spectral similarity to other features such as buildings, parking lots and sidewalks, and the obstruction by vehicles and trees. These problems are real obstacles in precise detection and identification of urban roads from high-resolution satellite imagery. One of the promising strategies to deal with this problem is using multi-sensors data to reduce the uncertainties of detection. In this paper, an integrated object-based analysis framework was developed for detecting and extracting various types of urban roads from high-resolution optical images and Lidar data. The proposed method is designed and implemented using a rule-oriented approach based on a masking strategy. The overall accuracy (OA) of the final road map was 89.2%, and the kappa coefficient of agreement was 0.83, which show the efficiency and performance of the method in different conditions and interclass noises. The results also demonstrate the high capability of this object-based method in simultaneous identification of a wide variety of road elements in complex urban areas using both high-resolution satellite images and Lidar data.

Evaluation of semivariogram features for objectbased image classification

Inclusion of textures in image classification has been shown beneficial.This paper studies an efficient use of semivariogram features for object-based high-resolution image classification.First,an input image is divided into segments,for each of which a semivariogram is then calculated.Second,candidate features are extracted as a number of key locations of the semivariogram functions.Then we use an improved Relief algorithm and the principal component analysis to select independent and significant features.Then the selected prominent semivariogram features and the conventional spectral features are combined to constitute a feature vector for a support vector machine classifier.The effect of such selected semivariogram features is compared with those of the gray-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)features and window-based semivariogram texture features(STFs).Tests with aerial and satellite images show that such selected semivariogram features are of a more beneficial supplement to spectral features.The described method in this paper yields a higher classification accuracy than the combination of spectral and GLCM features or STFs.

MPEG-4编码的现状和研究

随着计算机和通信技术的发展，多媒体编码进入了一个新的时代，即将公布的ＭＰＥＧ－４国际标准表明基于对象的编码、基于模型的编码等第二代编码技术趋于成熟．文中首先从ＭＰＥＧ－４所支持的各种视频对象及其特点、场景的描述和不同应用的框架／级别等３个方面讨论了新的编码标准的主要内容和现状．新的标准用于实际应用还需要提供大量的标准之外的配套工具和研究．在随后的内容中，文中讨论了图像和视频的分割、全景图像的生成、人脸的检测与跟踪、２Ｄ网格模型的建立与跟踪以及３Ｄ人脸的分析和合成等相关领域的研究和进展情况．

基于Landsat-8 OLI的农作物信息提取研究——以安徽省蚌埠市为例

针对安徽省蚌埠市农作物水旱交错的特点,提出利用多时相中分辨率遥感影像,基于农作物的物候期特征选择合适的影像数据,采用面向对象的分析方法,构建水旱交错区农作物信息提取模式,进行农作物信息提取。蚌埠市农作物信息提取实验表明,该方法简单易行,有效避免了"椒盐现像",总体分类精度达91.7%,对于准确了解水旱交错地区农作物的面积及其分布情况,具有重要的应用价值。

基于GF-2遥感影像的葡萄大棚信息提取

随着设施农业的不断发展,快速准确获取农业大棚的空间分布和种植面积有助于农业经济增长模式调整,实现农业资源的高效利用。以2017年5月的GF-2遥感影像为数据源,在构建最优特征空间的基础上,采用面向对象随机森林分类方法开展南方丘陵地区葡萄大棚信息提取。结果表明:(1)利用尺度评价工具ESP和邻域差分绝对值与标准差比RMAS结合的方法可以实现特定地物目标的最优分割尺度选择,分割效果良好;(2)通过Gini指数进行特征选择能减少数据冗余,提高分类精度,在优选的15个特征变量中,光谱特征占有绝对优势,其次是纹理特征和几何特征;(3)基于最优特征子空间的随机森林模型能有效提取葡萄大棚的分布信息,总体精度高达92.5%,F值为0.91,其面向对象的精度评价指数GTC为0.12。结果表明,该方法对基于GF-2影像的南方丘陵区域葡萄大棚信息提取具有较大的应用潜力,并可为其他地区的农业大棚信息提取提供较好的解决思路。

基于改进型不透水表面指数的城市V-I-S特征研究——以兰州市为例

为了更好的利用光谱指数特征对城市V-I-S地表覆被格局特征进行研究,在深入分析研究区基本组分地表覆被类型特征后,通过创建改进型归一化差值不透水表面指数(MNDISI),并结合改进型归一化差异水体指数(MNDWI)、土壤调节植被指数(SAVI),以及不同地表覆被类型在近红外和短波红外波段的平均反射率值等六组参数作为主要特征,基于Landsat TM影像,在面向对象的最邻近分类器中进行城市V-I-S基本组分地表覆被类型信息的提取与分类,精度评价得出生产者精度、用户精度、总体精度和Kappa系数分别达到92.5%、88.4%、87.5%和0.85以上.结果证明该方法实现了大范围区域城市V-I-S基本组分地表覆被类型信息和格局特征的自动准确提取.

离散ADMM方法下像素与对象基元协同优化的遥感影像无监督语义分割

语义分割是遥感影像分析中的重要技术之一。现有方法(如基于深度卷积神经网络的方法等)虽然在语义分割中取得了显著进展,但往往需要大量训练数据。基于图模型的马尔可夫随机场模型(Markov random field model,MRF)提出了一种不依赖训练数据的无监督语义分割思路,可以有效地刻画地物空间关系,并对地物空间分布的统计规律进行建模。但现有的MRF模型方法通常建立在基于像素或对象的单一粒度基元上,难以充分利用影像信息,语义分割效果不佳。针对上述问题,引入交替方向乘子法(alternative direction method of multiplier,ADMM)并将其离散化,提出了一种像素与对象基元协同的MRF模型无监督语义分割方法(MRF-ADMM)。首先构建像素基元和对象基元两个概率图,其中像素基元概率图用于刻画影像的细节信息,保持语义分割的边界;对象基元概率图用于描述较大范围的空间关系,以应对遥感影像地物内部的高异质性,使分割结果中地物内部具有良好的区域完整性。在模型求解过程中,针对像素和对象基元的特点,提出了一种离散化的ADMM方法,并将其用于两种基元类别标记的传递与更新,实现像素基元细节信息和对象基元区域信息的协同优化。高分二号和航拍影像等不同数据库不同类型遥感影像的语义分割实验结果表明,相较于现有的MRF模型,提出的MRF-ADMM方法能有效地协同不同粒度基元的优点,优化语义分割结果。

基于面向对象逻辑CVA的高分辨影像施工扰动监测

提出一种结合面向对象三时相逻辑变化向量分析(CVA)和随机森林的高分辨率遥感影像施工扰动监测方法(OB-TLCVA),在对象级获取精细的变化区域检测;在此基础上,结合土地覆盖类别信息识别施工扰动变化类型.将该方法应用于福建省长汀县ZY-3卫星影像上,结果表明:OB-TLCVA检测结果的F1最高为0.82,较其他方法最高提升了0.12,有效提升了高分辨影像变化区域检测精度.生产建设项目扰动结果中,不同施工扰动类型的用户精度均在73%以上,Kappa系数在0.9上下,续建的平均用户精度和平均生产者精度分别为92.0%、92.5%.

露天开采矿区要素遥感提取研究进展及展望

露天开采矿区要素遥感提取是矿业活动监测研究中的热门话题,但少有对相关研究的系统梳理和总结。为此,该文首先对露天开采矿区要素进行了界定,按要素种类将要素提取分为单要素提取和多要素提取,并简述了与一般地物提取和土地利用分类的区别;其次,简要总结了目前相关研究的遥感数据来源与处理平台;然后,将露天开采矿区要素遥感提取方法分为目视解译方法、基于传统特征的方法和深度学习方法3类,分别总结其研究现状,并分析了各方法的优缺点以及适用情况;最后,对露天开采矿区要素遥感提取的未来研究方向进行了展望。文章认为有效地利用多源多时相数据、更强特征提取能力网络和复杂场景优化方法,进一步推动矿区要素智能化、精细化和鲁棒性提取是未来发展的趋势。研究结果可为露天开采矿区要素遥感提取的研究与应用提供参考。

结合PU学习的遥感影像建筑物自动提取方法

针对目前基于机器学习的高分辨率遥感影像的地物提取方法往往需要大量标记样本训练模型的问题,提出了一种利用正样本和未标记样本学习的遥感影像建筑物自动提取方法。首先,利用面向对象的图像分析方法对遥感影像进行分割从而产生地理对象;其次,基于影像建筑物阴影特征和边缘特征提取建筑物像素,结合分割结果自动获取正样本;再次,利用已提取的正样本和剩余的未标记样本训练Bagging-PU分类器对建筑物进行提取;最后,通过基于邻域统计的二值化处理得到建筑物检测最终结果。该方法实现了训练样本标签的自动获取,不需要外部标签样本输入,就能够自动从遥感影像中提取建筑物。在ISPRS(Vaihingen)数据集上的实验表明,该方法提取结果总体精度达到0.928,F1分数为0.864。

基于高分辨率遥感影像的建筑物提取

高分辨率遥感影像不仅具有丰富的光谱、空间分布、形状和纹理特征,也包含清晰的场景语义信息。本文以安徽省枞阳县枞阳镇为研究区域,以高分辨率影像为基础数据源,利用eCognition软件中深度学习与面向对象相结合的方法进行建筑物自动提取。结果表明,该方法具有更好的建筑物提取效果,总体分类精度达96.8%,可用于通过高分辨率影像进行建筑物提取的生产。

基于深度学习融合OBIA的黄土高原小流域淤地坝系提取

淤地坝对于防治黄土高原水土流失有不可替代的作用,因此精确提取淤地范围和淤地坝点位对研究黄土高原水土有重要意义。现有图像分类方法中缺乏对淤地坝地形特征的考虑,容易被误判为梯田或土堆。除此之外,自动提取研究多集中于淤地范围提取,淤地坝点位仍依赖人工判读。因此,提出一种自动提取淤地坝系的方法:通过深度学习融合面向对象的影像分析(OBIA)方法提取韭园沟流域淤地范围,再利用水文分析方法提取淤地坝点位。结果表明:本方法提取的淤地范围精准率、召回率、F1Score分别为81.97%、90.94%、89.70%,F1Score与仅使用OBIA方法相比提升了21.94%。淤地坝点位的自动识别准确率为81.08%,完整率为88.89%,与前人目视解译的准确度相近,并实现了淤地坝范围和淤地坝点位的全要素提取。研究结果可为黄土高原淤地坝空间布局优化和水土流失评估等分析提供重要基础数据。

遥感模式分类中的空间统计学应用——以面向对象的遥感影像农田提取为例

如何有效地从遥感图像中提取所需信息,是遥感图像处理和应用的关键,而尺度选择问题一直是影响遥感信息提取精度的关键问题之一。本文论述了利用空间统计学方法解决遥感影像模式分类中的尺度问题的理论基础。针对面向对象影像分析问题,将影响遥感影像多尺度分割的尺度分割参数概括为空间属性分割参数、光谱属性分割参数和影像对象面积阈值参数,并分别提出了基于统计学的尺度参数估计方法。以SPOT-5影像面向对象农田提取为例,基于变异函数方法进行了尺度优选试验,系列尺度分类试验结果表明基于空间统计学尺度估计得到的尺度分割结果进行分类能得到最高的精度,进而证明了基于空间统计学方法进行面向对象信息提取尺度估计的有效性。该方法是完全数据驱动的方法,基本不需要先验知识参与。不同于以往分割后评价的尺度选择方法会占用大量计算资源且耗费大量时间,本文提出的方法不仅能在一定程度上保证面向对象信息提取的精度,而且在一定程度上也提高了面向对象信息提取的效率和自动化程度。