NDVI-Based Lacunarity Texture for Improving Identification of Torreya Using Object-Oriented Method

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） is a very useful feature for differentiating vegetation and non-vegetation in remote sensed imagery. In the light of the function of NDVI and the spatial patterns of the vegetation landscapes, we proposed the lacunarity texture derived from NDVI to characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation landscapes concerning the ＂gappiness＂ or ＂emptiness＂ characteristics. The NDVI-based lacunarity texture was incorporated into object-oriented classification for improving the identification of vegetation categories, especially Torreya which was the targeted tree species in the present research. A three-level hierarchical network of image objects was defined and the proposed texture was integrated as potential sources of information in the rules base. A knowledge base of rules created by classifier C5.0 indicated that the texture could potentially be applied in object-oriented classification. It was found that the addition of such texture improved the identification of every vegetation category. The results demonstrated that the texture could characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation structures, which could be a promising approach for vegetation identification.

Object-oriented software tools for parallel PDE solvers

An object-oriented approach is taken to the problem of formulating portable, easy-to-modify PDE solvers for realistic problems in three space dimensions. The resulting software library, Cogito, contains tools for writing programs to be executed on MIMD computers with distributed memory. Difference methods on composite, structured grids are supported. Most of the Cogito classes have been implemented in Fortran 77, in such a way that the object-oriented design is visible. With respect to parallel performance, these tools yield code that is comparable to parallel solvers written in plain Fortran 77. The resulting programs are can be executed without modification on a large number of multicomputer platforms, and also on serial computers. The uppermost level of abstraction in Cogito concerns the problem of decoupling the numerical method from the PDE problem. The validity of these tools has been preliminarily demonstrated with a C++ implementation for one-dimensional problems.

Research on object-oriented SOC design methodology

The growing complexity of System on Chip （SOC） requres a system level specicanon and design approach. High-level languages such as C＋＋/SystemC can play multiple roles in system design as target languages. There are many practical problems in the application of object-oriented methods for this goal. Based on the analysis of traditional and system-level design methodology, a new object-oriented SOC design methodology with object-oriented design patterns is proposed, which emphasizes high-level design and verification. Aiming at the final goal of developing design patterns specific to SOC design, the reuse of design patterns in SOC systems and the capability of new SOC design patterns are discussed. With the illustration of some concrete examples of SOC design patterns, the application of object-oriented design methodology in the SOC design process is presented.

Shrek:a dynamic object-oriented programming language

From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are not objects, etc. So, this paper designs a programming language, Shrek, which integrates many language features and constructions in a compact and consistent model. The Shrek language is a class-based purely object-oriented language. It has a dynamical strong type system, and adopts a single-inheritance mechanism with Mixin as its complement. It has a consistent class instantiation and inheritance structure, and the ability of intercessive structural computational reflection, which enables it to support safe metaclass programming. It also supports multi-thread programming and automatic garbage collection, and enforces its expressive power by adopting a native method mechanism. The prototype system of the Shrek language is implemented and anticipated design goals are achieved.

Object-oriented Urban Dynamic Monitoring——A Case Study of Haidian District of Beijing

It is crucial to conduct the land use/cover research to obtain the global change information.Urban area is one of the most sensitive areas in land use/cover change.Therefore land use/cover change in urban areas is very im-portant in global change.It is vital to incorporate the information of urban land use/cover change into the process of decision-making about urban area development.In this paper,a new urban change detection approach,urban dynamic monitoring based on objects,is introduced.This approach includes four steps:1)producing multi-scale objects from multi-temporal remotely sensed images with spectrum,texture and context information;2)extracting possible changed objects adopting object-oriented classification;3)obtaining shared objects as the basic units for urban change detection;4)determining the threshold to segment the changed objects from the possible changed objects using Otsu method.In this paper,the object-based approach was applied to detecting the urban expansion in Haidian District,Beijing,China with two Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)data in 1997 and 2004.The results indicated that the overall accuracy was about 84.83%,and Kappa about 0.785.Compared with other conventional approaches,the object-based approach was advantageous in reducing the error accumulation of image classification of each datum and in independence to the radiometric correction and image registration accuracy.

OBJECT-ORIENTED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND PROGRAMMING IN VC++

The design of finite element analysis program using object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques is presented. The objects, classes and the subclasses used in the programming are explained. The system of classes library of finite element analysis program and Windows-type Graphical User Interfaces by VC + + and its MFC are developed. The reliability, reusability and extensibility of program are enhanced. It is a reference to develop the large-scale, versatile and powerful systems of object-oriented finite element software.

Finite Element Structural Analysis UsingObject-Oriented Techniques

This paper describes the object-oriented implementational method of finite element structural analysis, gives the basic concepts of the object-oriented method and objectoriented programming, develops a complete class hierarchy structure of object-oriented finite element structural analysis, and gives a part C+ + code description.

An AI Embedded Object-Oriented Approach for Formulating Computable General Equilibrium

This paper proposes and illustrates an AI embedded object-oriented methodology to formulate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In this framework, a CGE model is viewed as a collection of objects embedded AI or namely agents in computer world, corresponding to economic agents and entities in real world, such as government, households, markets and so on. A frame representation of major objects in CGE model is used for trade and environment. Embedded Al object-oriented approach (or software agent) is used in the CGE model representation can able to narrow the gap among the semantic representation, formal CGE (mathematical) representation and computer and algorithm representation, and to improve CGE in understanding and maintenance etc. In such a system, constructing a CGE model to appear an intuitive process rather than an abstract process. This intuitive process needs more understanding of the substance of economics and the logic underlying the problem rather than mathematical notation.

Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming Based on MPI

Object-oriented model possesses inherent concurrency. Integration of concurrency and object-orientation is a promising new field. MPI is a message-passing standard and has been adopted by more and more systems. This paper proposes a novel approach to realize concurrent object-oriented programming based on Message-passing interface(MPI) in which future method communication is adopted between concurrent objects. A state behavior set is proposed to solve inheritance anomaly, and a bounded buffer is taken as an example to illustrate this proposal. The definition of ParaMPI class, which is the most important class in the concurrent class library, and implementation issues are briefly described.

Object-Oriented Modeling of the Variation of Acceleration and Deceleration Characteristics in Relation to Speed Bands for Railway Vehicles

Automated operation and artificial intelligence technology have become essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and punctuality of railways, with applications such as ATO (Automatic Train Operation). In this study, the authors propose a method to efficiently simulate the kinematic characteristics of railroad vehicles depending on their speed zone. They utilized the function overloading function supported by a programming language and applied the fourth-order Lunge-Kutta method for dynamic simulation. By constructing an object model, the authors calculated vehicle characteristics and TPS and compared them with actual values, verifying that the developed model represents the real-life vehicle characteristics accurately. The study highlights potential improvements in automated driving and energy consumption optimization in the railway industry.

Object-Oriented Finite Element Analysis of Metal Working Processes

Recently an object-oriented approach has been applied in the fields of finite element analysis with a view to treating the various complexities within these. It has been demonstrated that finite element software designed using an object-oriented approach can be significantly more robust than traditional codes. This paper describes a special kind of implementation of object-oriented programming which is rather hybrid in nature, in the development of a finite element code for engineering analysis of metal working problems using C++, and discusses the advantages of this approach.

Object-oriented CAD for Hydraulic Circuits of Pressing Machines

This paper describes the design and implementation of an intelligent computer-aided design (ICAD) system for hydraulic circuits of pressing machines. The CAD system is developed based on the object-oriented approach. The application domain of hydraulic presses has been studied thoroughly. The engineering data and the design knowledge are organized in an object-oriented database. A case study has been selected to illustrate the usefulness of the object-oriented CAD system in real applications.

探讨药品质量控制过程中OOS分析存在的问题

目的:探讨目前药品检验领域在不合格检测结果(OOS)调查中存在的常见问题。方法:结合国内外主要法规或OOS指南,分析药品检验过程中出现的OOS现状,从实际出发进行深入分析。结果:就OOS的定义、产生的原因进行阐述,并就目前OOS分析中应强化或重点关注的问题进行了探讨:在调查的Ⅰa阶段,当检验员怀疑实验室错误时,应在丢弃供试样和标准样之前立即进行调查;在调查的Ⅰb阶段,实验室主管人员在对可能的原因进行客观评估时,应与检验员一起对检验方法性能进行评价,应特别关注所用定量方法是否得到充分的耐用性确认,方法本身产生OOS的概率有多大;对于已经进入法定方法范畴内的定性方法,是否有明确的判定终点等。进行第Ⅱ阶段的OOS调查时,实验室应根据实验方法的具体性能特点,对重新取样与复验、复验次数、逸出值是否该舍弃以及在报告结果时是否应该取平均值的问题进行预先设定,而不能随意变更;应避免重复试验到合格为止的方式;并应重视对产品情况的审核。进行第Ⅲ阶段的调查时,首先应开展方法适用性以及产品稳定性的评价实验;其次,应重视并充分运用统计学方法分析OOS发生的根源。结论:OOS调查是持续改进产品质量的一个重要控制工具,在国内药品质量控制领域已经引起重视,然而在实际操作中还存在许多不足。检验员在找出产生OOS的根源后,应以此为依据对检测方法或产品质量进行报告和改进。

基于Java的OOFEM框架模型研究

面向对象的有限元(OOFEM)通用框架的构造对于有限元算法和并行有限元的研究具有重要意义。该文利用Java和面向对象技术,初步实现了这种非线性有限元框架模型,并且对其理论基础、功能构造、类库实现和算法设计等进行了研究。算例表明:数值结果与理论值是吻合的,框架模型是正确的和可靠的。

A Shortcut for Extricating System Development from Predicament－by Means of Object－oriented Methods

Three main problems in system development and the plight of the system development are analyzed and discussed. Finally a practical and formalized method-object-oriented method is proposed to extncate the system development from the predicament.

A modeling method of semiconductor fabrication flows with extended knowledge hybrid Petri nets

A modeling method of extended knowledge hybrid Petri nets （EKHPNs）, incorporating object-oriented methods into hybrid Petri nets （HPNs）, was presented and used for the representation ~d modeling of semiconductor wafer fabrication flows. To model the discrete and continuous parts of a complex semiconductor wafer fabrication flow, the HPNs were introduced into the EKHPNs. Object-oriented methods were combined into the EKHPNs for coping with the complexity of the fabrication flow. Knowledge anno- tations were introduced to solve input and output conflicts of the EKHPNs. Finally, to demonstrate the validity of the EKHPN method, a real semiconductor wafer fabrication case was used to illustrate the model- ing procedure. The modeling results indicate that the proposed method can be used to model a complex semiconductor wafer fabrication flow expediently.

A New Software Reliability Framework —— A Extended Cleanroom Model

Cleanroom software engineering has been proven effective in improving software development quality while at the same time increasing reliability. To adapt to large software system development, the paper presents an extended the Cleanroom model, which integrates object-oriented method based on stimulus history, reversed engineering idea, automatic testing and reliability assessment into software development. The paper discusses the architecture and realizing technology of ECM.

A classification method of building structures based on multi-feature fusion of UAV remote sensing images

In order to improve the accuracy of building structure identification using remote sensing images,a building structure classification method based on multi-feature fusion of UAV remote sensing image is proposed in this paper.Three identification approaches of remote sensing images are integrated in this method:object-oriented,texture feature,and digital elevation based on DSM and DEM.So RGB threshold classification method is used to classify the identification results.The accuracy of building structure classification based on each feature and the multi-feature fusion are compared and analyzed.The results show that the building structure classification method is feasible and can accurately identify the structures in large-area remote sensing images.

APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF THE RECIPROCAL THEOREM TO FINDING DISPLACEMENT SOLUTIONS OF CUBES

In this paper the method of reciprocal theorem is extended to find solutions of three-D problems of elasticity.First we give the basic solution of the cube with six surfaces fixed as the basic system and then using the reciprocal theorem between the basic system acted on by unit concentrated loads and the actual system with prescribed surface displacements, we find displacement solution of the actual system.

Object-oriented Method for Rural Residential Land Extraction in the Hilly Areas of Southern China Using RapidEye Data

The process of rapid urbanization in China features two opposing trends： declining rural population and increasing rural residential land, especially in southern hilly areas. The extraction and analysis of residential land in rural China represents an important application for remote sensing technology. The study aimed to discover rural residential land information using RapidEye satellite imagery, taking Taihe County as the research area in the hilly region of southern China. Based on multiple experiments, classification was conducted with an optimal image segmentation scale set to 200. The object-oriented classification rule set was constructed using the customized parameters NDVI, NDWI, brightness, and length/width. The areas of residential land and other land use types were interpreted by varying the parameter values for classification rule sets. Finally, validation and accuracy evaluations were carried out. The overall accuracy of residential land interpretation is 78.40%, and producer＇s accuracy and user＇s accuracy are 68.75% and 77.33%, respectively. The results indicate that RapidEye provides a suitable data source for extraction of rural residential land using an object-oriented approach. Compared with the second national land survey of China, the classification gave an absolute difference of 93.67 ha residential land within the study area. Recognition errors occurred mainly in regions adjacent to the boundaries between residential land and other types of land.