An objective method for color vision deficiencies measurement based on visual evoked potential

The equi-luminance of color stimulus in normal subjects is characterized by L-cone and M-cone activation in retina. For the protanopes and deuternopes, only the activations of one relevant remaining cone type should be considered. The equi-luminance turning curve was established for the recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) of the luminance changes of the red and green color stimulus, and the position of the equi-luminance was used to define the kind and degree of color vision deficiencies. In the test of 47 volunteers we got the VEP traces and the equi-luminance turning curves, which was in accordance with the judgment by the pseudoisochromatic plate used in clinic. The method fulfills the objective and quantitative requirements in color vision deficiencies test.

A method to measure the rice kernel chalkiness objectively

Rice kernel chalkiness is an impor-tant quality character.Being the un-transparent portions in grain en-dosperm,chalkiness iS always mea-sured by some subjective eye-judgingmethods domestically and interna-tionally.Results measured by suchmethods aye subjective,inaccurate,and unstable.This research is in-

Objective identification research on cold vortex and mid-summer rainy periods in Northeast China

Considering the differences between the Northeast China Cold Vortex （CV） and the Mid-Summer （MS） rainy period and their corresponding atmospheric circulations are comprehensively analyzed, and the objective identification methods of defining the annual beginning and ending dates of Northeast China CV and MS rainy periods are developed respectively. The annual beginning date of the CV （MS） rainy period is as follows. In a period from April to August, if daily regional mean precipitation ryi is larger than yearly regional mean precipitation R （or 2R） on a certain day, the station precipitation rs is larger than the station yearly mean precipitation （r/ （or 2（r）） in at least 50% of stations in Northeast China, and this condition is satisfied in the following 2 （7） days, then this date is defined as the beginning date of the CV （MS） rainy period. While the definition of the ending date of the MS rainy period shows the opposite process to its beginning date. With this objective identification method, the multi-year average （1981-2010） beginning date of the CV rainy period is May 3, the beginning date of the MS rainy period is June 27, the ending day of the CV rainy period is defined as the day before the beginning date of the MS rainy period, and the ending date of the MS rainy period is August 29. Meanwhile, corresponding anomaly analysis at a 500-hPa geopotential height, 850-hPa wind, Omega and relative humidity fields all show that the definitions of the average beginning and ending dates of the CV and MS rainy periods have a certain circulation meaning. Furthermore, the daily evolution of the CV index, meridional and zonal wind index, etc. all show that these objectively defined beginning and ending dates of the CV and MS rainy periods have climate significance.

OBJECT-ORIENTED NUMERICAL MANIFOLD METHOD

The design and management of the objects about the numerical manifold method are studied by abstracting the finite cover system of numerical manifold method as independent data classes and the theoretical basis for the researching and expanding of numerical manifold method is also put forward. The Hammer integration of triangular area coordinates is used in the integration of the element. The calculation result shows that the program is accuracy and effective.

Research on the security of China's oil resources supply based on the objective weight method

With the rapid development of China's economy,external dependence on petroleum resources continues to increase,and their security has become an important part of national security.To evaluate the security of China's petroleum resource supply in a scientific and objective manner,this study establishes a corresponding petroleum life-cycle evaluation index system,based on the theory and method of the whole life-cycle security evaluation of mineral resources,and conducts further independence and grey correlation analysis on the indexes for the purpose of evaluating the petroleum risk situation in China,based on relevant public data from the past 10 years.The results show that the overall trend of China's oil risk has a“U”-shaped characteristic of first decreasing and then increasing.Furthermore,the analysis finds that China's mineral resources have been greatly influenced by the domestic production situation and international trade.These results suggest that the security of petroleum supply can be improved by safeguarding international trade in petroleum resources,strengthening the strategic reserves of domestic petroleum resources,and developing new alternative clean energy sources to improve the resilience of petroleum supply security.This study's research methodology is more logical and systematic than traditional methods,and the analysis of the factors is comprehensive and of high application value,providing implications for the establishment of a big data analysis and evaluation index system for oil resource security.

Estimating Tropical Cyclone Precipitation from Station Observations

In this paper, an objective technique for estimating the tropical cyclone （TC） precipitation from station observations is proposed. Based on a comparison between the Original Objective Method （OOM） and the Expert Subjective Method （ESM）, the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique （OSAT） for partitioning TC precipitation was developed by analyzing the western North Pacific （WNP） TC historical track and the daily precipitation datasets. Being an objective way of the ESM, OSAT overcomes the main problems in OOM, by changing two fixed parameters in OOM, the thresholds for the distance of the absolute TC precipitation （D0） and the TC size （D1）, into variable parameters.Case verification for OSAT was also carried out by applying CMORPH （Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique） daily precipitation measurements, which is NOAA＇s combined satellite precipitation measurement system. This indicates that OSAT is capable of distinguishing simultaneous TC precipitation rain-belts from those associated with different TCs or with middle-latitude weather systems.

Statistical Properties of a Blazar Sample and Comparison of HBLs, LBLs and FSRQs

Making use of the 2MASS Data Release, we have searched for nearinfrared （JHK） counterparts to 268 blazars from Donato et al. and obtained 238 counterparts within 5＇＇ in the area covered by 2MASS. It provides us a sample with infrared data several times larger than the previous one of the same kind. Based on our sample and the sample by Donato et al., we have compared in detail the properties of HBLs, LBLs and FSRQs from five aspects and found that HBLs are significantly different from LBLs and FSRQs while LBLs are not obviously different from FSRQs. Our results strongly support the division of BL Lac objects into the high-frequency peaked （HBL） and low-frequency peaked （LBL） objects introduced by Padovani ＆ Giommi and show that HBLs and LBLs are two kinds of blazar having different physical properties.

An Objective Penalty Method for Optimistic Bilevel Programming Problems

In this paper,we consider an optimistic nonlinear bilevel programming problem.Under some conditions,we first show that the sequence of solutions to penalty problems converges to the optimal solution of the original bilevel programming problem.We then present an objective penalty method to solve such a problem.Finally,some numerical experiments are performed to illustrate its feasibility.

Study on the Source Management and Analysis System

Considering the shortcoming in source management work for a long time, the CaiHong Group corporation propose the concep of Dynamic Consumption Norm. This has increased the enthusiasm of the workers to economize sources and reduce cost. Within a year, the corporation economizes sources for 20 billion yuan and achieves a notable effect in the work of reducing the cost and increasing the economic benefit. In order to assist the implementation of the new method in source management, both the corporation and the Education and Research Center of Plant Engineering in China have developed this 'Source Management And Analysis System '.

R-band host galaxy contamination of TeV γ-ray blazar Mrk 501： effects of aperture size and seeing

We simulated the R-band contribution of the host galaxy of TeV γ-ray BL Lac object Mrk 501 in different aperture sizes and seeing conditions. An intensive set of observations was acquired with the 1.02m optical telescope, managed by Yunnan Observatories, from 2010 May 15 to 18. Based on the host subtraction data usually used in the literature, the subtraction of host galaxy contamination results in significant seeing-brightness correlations. These correlations would lead to illusive large amplitude variations at short timescales, which will mask the intrinsic microvariability, thus giving rise to difficulty in detecting the intrinsic microvariability. Both aperture size and seeing condition influence the flux measurements, but the aperture size impacts the result more significantly. Based on the parameters of an elliptical galaxy provided in the literature, we simulated the host contributions of Mrk 501 in different aperture sizes and seeing conditions. Our simulation data of the host galaxy obviously weaken these significant seeing-brightness correlations for the host-subtracted brightness of Mrk 501, and can help us discover the intrinsic short timescale microvariability. The pure nuclear flux is -8.0 mJy in the R band, i.e., the AGN has a magnitude of R - 13.96 mag.

Classification method of cultivated land based on UAV visible light remote sensing

The accurate acquisition of the grain crop planting area is a necessary condition for realizing precision agriculture.UAV remote sensing has the advantages of low cost use,simple operation,real-time acquisition of remote sensor images and high ground resolution.It is difficult to separate cultivated land from other terrain by using only a single feature,making it necessary to extract cultivated land by combining various features and hierarchical classification.In this study,the UAV platform was used to collect visible light remote sensing images of farmland to monitor and extract the area information,shape information and position information of farmland.Based on the vegetation index,texture information and shape information in the visible light band,the object-oriented method was used to study the best scheme for extracting cultivated land area.After repeated experiments,it has been determined that the segmentation scale 50 and the consolidation scale 90 are the most suitable segmentation parameters.Uncultivated crops and other features are separated by using the band information and texture information.The overall accuracy of this method is 86.40%and the Kappa coefficient is 0.80.The experimental results show that the UAV visible light remote sensing data can be used to classify and extract cultivated land with high precision.However,there are some cases where the finely divided plots are misleading,so further optimization and improvement are needed.

Martian ionogram scaling by the Object Tracking Method

The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding(MARSIS) onboard the Mars Express(MEX) spacecraft started to collect data of the Martian topside ionosphere from May,2005.By now a large amount of ionograms has been obtained.It is important to extract vertical ionospheric information effectively from the ionograms for further study.In this paper a new method,Object Tracking Method(OTM),is proposed to automatically extract the ionospheric electron density profiles by computer.This method is based on three algorithms,namely the Hough transform,region growing segmentation algorithm and moving objects detection method from video sequences.In processing ionosphere echoes are treated as moving objects.The identification ratio of OTM for the MARSIS ionograms is estimated to be around 90%.

An effective graph and depth layer based RGB-D image foreground object extraction method

We consider the extraction of accurate silhouettes of foreground objects in combined color image and depth map data.This is of relevance for applications such as altering the contents of a scene,or changing the depths of contents for display purposes in 3DTV,object detection,or scene understanding.To

Water Resources Operation and Management Model and Its Simulation Process Research

Based on the status quantity of water resources in Xi′an region, a commentary on many math models is given for water resources operation and management, and the visual model is provided to solve practical problems. In this model, the information for decision is visible in GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and topological figures. With object orientation methods, the objects are described in proprieties, methods, relations and time periods. The simulation process of the model is developed with Delphi and MapInfo, and the real decision scheme could be examined and practice decision process can be simulated from which. Decision analysis conducted from visual conditions is believable. The exploration to visual model is a beginning of practice research, much more study of which still needs to do.

Experiment on Chinese postgraduates’recognizing 100 Everyday English adopting“MMOASAPMI”

The purpose of this study was to investigate the memory effects of the postgraduates’memorizing Everyday English from 30 to 100 using the Natural Numeral Imagery Memory(Method by memorizing the concrete objects associated with the shapes of Arabic numeral to produce marvelous imagination,MMOASAPMI).The results indicated as follows:Firstly,the postgraduates,who applied the MMOASAPMI to memorize and recall the Everyday English from 30 to 100,could recite them well in sequence backward,forward,and randomly.The reaction time of reciting any sentence randomly is no more than 2 seconds.Secondly,it can transform the materials of the short-term memory into long-term memory quickly,and effectively prevent them from the interference of proactive and retroactive inhibition,so it is useful for keeping memorized information with less loss and remaining for a long period.Thirdly,with the materials in strong sequence,large quantities and the difficulty to memorize,it is an extremely effective method for memorizing them.Fourthly,the keys to improving the memory efficiency are the well-storing skills of memory,storing methods,and memory clues.