Multi Objective Decision Making Method Based on Evaluation Criterion for Problems with Linear Value Function

A class of interactive multi objective decision making method by means of evaluation criterion is proposed for problems with linear value function,in which case,the decision maker(DM) usually has only unwhole information of weights for objectives. The concept of fault measure of the evaluation criterion is proposed to measure the deviation of the evaluation criterion from the DMs preference structure.The approach to obtain an upper boundary of fault measure of an evaluation criterion,and the approach to modify the evaluation criterion to be one with smaller fault measure,and the approach to obtain a pre optimized objective set by evaluation criterion with certain fault measure are also proposed.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Distributed PV Grid-Connected Based on Combined Weighting Weights and TOPSIS-RSR Method

To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and objective combination of assignment and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)—rank sum ratio(RSR)(TOPSIS-RSR)method.Based on the traditional distribution network evaluation system,a comprehensive evaluation system has been constructed.It fully considers the new development requirements of distributed PV access on the environmental friendliness and absorptive capacity of the distribution grid and comprehensively reflects the impact of distributed PV grid connection.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the subjective weights of the primary indicators,and the Spearman consistency test was combined to determine the weights of the secondary indicators based on three objective assignment methods.The subjective and objective combination weights of each assessment indicator were calculated through the principle of minimum entropy.Calculate the distance between the indicators to be evaluated and the positive and negative ideal solutions,the relative closeness ranking,and qualitative binning by TOPSIS-RSR method to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of different scenarios.By setting up different PV grid-connected scenarios and utilizing the IEEE33 node simulation algorithm,the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed subject-object combination assignment and integrated assessment method are verified.

Carbon efficiency evaluation method for urban energy system with multiple energy complementary

Urban energy systems(UESs)play a pivotal role in the consumption of clean energy and the promotion of energy cascade utilization.In the context of the construction and operation strategy of UESs with multiple complementary energy resources,a comprehensive assessment of the energy efficiency is of paramount importance.First,a multi-dimensional evaluation system with four primary indexes of energy utilization,environmental protection,system operation,and economic efficiency and 21 secondary indexes is constructed to comprehensively portray the UES.Considering that the evaluation system may contain a large number of indexes and that there is overlapping information among them,an energy efficiency evaluation method based on data processing,dimensionality reduction,integration of combined weights,and gray correlation analysis is proposed.This method can effectively reduce the number of calculations and improve the accuracy of energy efficiency assessments.Third,a demonstration project for a UES in China is presented.The energy efficiency of each scenario is assessed using six operational scenarios.The results show that Scenario 5,in which parks operate independently and investors build shared energy-storage equipment,has the best results and is best suited for green and low-carbon development.The results of the comparative assessment methods show that the proposed method provides a good energy efficiency assessment.This study provides a reference for the optimal planning,construction,and operation of UESs with multiple energy sources.

Objective Fitting Evaluation Model for Dressing Fit Based on Wrinkle Index of Dressing Image

An effective model(image to wrinkle, ITW) for garment fitting evaluation is presented. The proposed model is to improve the accuracy of garment fitting evaluation based on dressing image. The ITW model is an objective evaluation model of fitting based on the wrinkle index of dressing image. The ITW model consists of two main steps, the gray curve-fitting(GCF) threshold segmentation algorithm and Canny edge detection algorithm. In the ITW model, three types of wrinkle trends are defined. And the network dressing image is evaluated and simulated by three quantitative indexes: wrinkle number, wrinkle regularity and wrinkle unevenness. Finally, the fitness of three kinds of dress effects(tight, fit and loose) is quantified by objective fitting evaluation model.

Objective Performance Evaluation of Video Segmentation Algorithms with Ground-Truth

While the development of particular video segmentation algorithms has attracted considerable research interest, relatively little effort has been devoted to provide a methodology for evaluating their performance. In this paper, we propose a methodology to objectively evaluate video segmentation algorithm with ground-truth, which is based on computing the deviation of segmentation results from the reference segmentation. Four different metrics based on classification pixels, edges, relative foreground area and relative position respectively are combined to address the spatial accuracy. Temporal coherency is evaluated by utilizing the difference of spatial accuracy between successive frames. The experimental results show the feasibility of our approach. Moreover, it is computationally more efficient than previous methods. It can be applied to provide an offline ranking among different segmentation algorithms and to optimally set the parameters for a given algorithm.

A Sound Quality Objective Evaluation Method Based on Auditory Peripheral Simulation Model

Based on auditory peripheral simulation model, a new Sound Quality Objective Evaluation (SQOE) method is presented,which can be used to model and analyze the impacts of head, shoulder and other parts of human body on sound wave trans-mission.This method employs the artificial head technique, in which the head related transfer function was taken into account tothe outer ear simulation phase.First, a bionic artificial head was designed as the outer ear model with considering the outersound field in view of theory and physical explanations.Then the auditory peripheral simulation model was built, which mimicsthe physiological functions of the human hearing, simulating the acoustic signal transfer process and conversion mechanismsfrom the free field to the peripheral auditory system.Finally, performance comparison was made between the proposed SQOEmethod and ArtemiS software, and the verifications of subjective and objective related analysis were made.Results show thatthe proposed method was economical, simple, and with good evaluation quality.

Perceptual Quality Assessment of Omnidirectional Images:Subjective Experiment and Objective Model Evaluation

Virtual reality(VR) environment can provide immersive experience to viewers.Under the VR environment, providing a good quality of experience is extremely important.Therefore, in this paper, we present an image quality assessment(IQA) study on omnidirectional images. We first build an omnidirectional IQA(OIQA) database, including 16 source images with their corresponding 320 distorted images. We add four commonly encountered distortions. These distortions are JPEG compression, JPEG2000 compression, Gaussian blur, and Gaussian noise. Then we conduct a subjective quality evaluation study in the VR environment based on the OIQA database. Considering that visual attention is more important in VR environment, head and eye movement data are also tracked and collected during the quality rating experiments. The 16 raw and their corresponding distorted images,subjective quality assessment scores, and the head-orientation data and eye-gaze data together constitute the OIQA database. Based on the OIQA database, we test some state-of-the-art full-reference IQA(FR-IQA) measures on equirectangular format or cubic formatomnidirectional images. The results show that applying FR-IQA metrics on cubic format omnidirectional images could improve their performance. The performance of some FR-IQA metrics combining the saliency weight of three different types are also tested based on our database. Some new phenomena different from traditional IQA are observed.

Application of the Objective Structure Clinical Evaluation in Evaluating Clinical Competence for a BSN Program

Given the complex clinical situations and the dynamic nature of nursing, the greatest challenge for nursing educators is performing objective evaluation of students’ clinical competence. The Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) is designed to address this challenge and it has been widely used in nursing education. However, its implementation in nursing education in Taiwan has been limited. Accordingly, a quasi-experimental design was utilized to examine students’ clinical performance and stress levels using a 12-station OSCE assessment. Further, we investigated the inter-rater reliability and internal consistency of the OSCE. After controlling for scores of clinical performance, overall differences in pre- and post-practicum stress in the OSCE group were significantly higher than in the control group (F (1, 89) = 4.89, p = 0.03). There was no group effect on practicum performance after controlling for grade point average (F (1, 89) = 2.69, p = 0.14). Cronbach’s alpha for 12 OSCE stations ranged from 0.22 to 0.80 and inter-rater reliability for all 12 stations showed Pearson’s r ranging between 0.76 and 1.00. Cohen’s kappa ranged from 0.70 to 1.00

Study on Multi-Objective Effect Evaluation System of Smart Grid Construction

This paper builds multi-objective effect evaluation indicator system of smart grid construction from five connotations including strong and reliable, clean and green, friendly and interactive, transparent and open, economical and effective, which is embodied in the power generation, transmission, transformation, distribution, consumption, dispatching and information communication platform of smart grid. Taking the construction of smart grid in a certain area of China as an example, this paper uses analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to make an empirical analysis on it, and makes a comprehensive and objective evaluation on its construction effect.

Objective Evaluations of the Manner and Effect for Artificial Hail Suppression Operation in the Middle Region of Inner Mongolia

[ Objective] The research aimed to conduct objective evaluation on manner and effect of the artificial hail suppression operation in central Inner Mongolia. [ Method] Depending on analyses of the radar observation data, hail shooting data and artificial hail suppression operation data in the middle region of Inner Mongolia （ represented by Huhhot） from 1990 to 2007, and combining capability of the artificial hail suppression operation tool （＂ 37＂ anti-aircraft gun）, nucleation rate of the catalyst and suitable catalyst volume in hail cloud per unit volume, objective evaluation of the manner and effect for artificial hail suppression operation in the area was obtained. [ Result] It was exacter to distinguish shape and intensity of the hail cloud, but it was uncertain to distinguish height of the hail cloud, when selecting operation target cloud. Operation height was still lower, and perfect seeding height couldn＇t be attained. Operation occasion was controlled well, but there still were phenomena of the late operation. Shell amounts of the operation were few obviously, needing to increase shell amount or to improve nucleation rate of the catalyst. [ Conclsion] Syntheti- cally, manner of the artificial hail suppression operation in central Inner Mongolia was suitable, and total efficiency was about 85%.

Study on Quality Objective Evaluation System of Research Institutes

Based on the experience of quality objective evaluation procedures of The Institute of Electrical Engineering, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the methods and processes are summarized in this paper.

A Self-determined Evaluation Method for Science Popularization Based on IOWA Operator and Particle Swarm Optimization

With the increase of science popularization, evaluation of science popularization has become an urgent demand. Considering science popularization bases as independent agents, a self-determined evaluation approach for science popularization using induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed in this paper.Firstly, six factors including science popularization personnel, space, fund,media, activity and influence are selected to construct an index system for science popularization evaluation. On this basis, the absolute dominance and relative dominance of evaluation indexes are used as induced components, and the prior order of the evaluation indexes is determined. Besides, the optimization model of index weighted vectors is established by IOWA operator, index weighted vectors are calculated by particle swarm optimization algorithm, and index weighted vectors and evaluation value vectors are obtain. Finally, the optimal evaluation vectors and evaluation results are given according to the Perron-Frobenius decision eigenvalve theorem .

Improved Fuzzification Method for Multi-Objective Decision-Making and Its Application in Evaluation of Highway Planning

A new fuzzification method for multi-objective decision-making and selective sorting is proposed on the basis of the fuzzy consistent relation, and the specific algorithm is presented. The method is applied to the evaluation of highway planning of Zhanjiang city. To decrease the subjectivity in the process of decision-making, the LOWA operator is introduced, and a discussion on how to select appropriate weights involved in multi-objective sorting is made. It is concluded that it is feasible to apply the fuzzy consistent relation to multi-objective decision-making analysis, and the improved fuzzication method is workable.

Self-determinate evaluation method based on condition of weights non-dictatorial rate

The condition of weightes non-dictatorship is extended and a comprehensive evaluae method emboding self-determinate which is combined with competitive view optimization principles is built. The basic process includes simulating the model of economic man＇s self-benefit bahaviors, taking the place of experts to evaluate, bringing in the model of minimizing the sum of included angles to integrate the information of multiple objects and put the objects in order finally. The method has the advangtages of less dependendence on the subjective information, plenty of information, fair process and simple caculating. Finally, an application example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Decision-Making Method for Problem of Goal Type Based on Evaluation Criterion

The presently existing decision making method for problem of goal type, i.e. the goal programming, is popular to some extent. In this paper we analyzed the features of the problem and the method,based on which we found some defects of the method and pointed out these defects. To overcome these defects we absorbed the spirit and exploited concepts of evaluation criterion and the fault measure of evaluation criterion. We proposed and applied a method with an evaluation criterion, after which we also p...

Sense Estimation and Instrumental Evaluation of Fabric-Evoked Prickle

In this paper, the mechanism of fabric-evoked prickle is discussed, which indicates that the mechanical stimuli aroused by the fiber ends on the fabric surface to the skin-sensory receptors are responsible for prickle. The factors influencing the intensity of prickle are specialized and anatomized. Several means of sense estimate, including the corresponding statistical measures, are described. A few groping objective methods of evaluating prickle are analyzed, including the testing principles, the advantages and the disadvantages. At last, a new concept is proposed on the objective evaluation of prickle.

Objective Assessment of Skin Tightening Using Multisource, Phase-Controlled Radiofrequency in Asians

Background: Radiofrequency has been proven to penetrate deeper than optical light sources independent of skin color allowing a safer treatment for the Asian skin type. Many studies have indicated the efficacy of various types of devices, but have not included a sufficient objective evaluation. Multisource radiofrequency uses multiple phase controlled radiofrequency generators with real time impedance control, allowing painless, deeper dermal heating with better adaptation to differences in individual skin impedance. In this study we used three-dimensional imaging for the objective evaluation of facial skin tightening by multisource phase-controlled radiofrequency. Methods: Twenty Japanese patients were treated with a multisource phase-controlled radiofrequency device. Three-dimensional imaging was performed with a Canfield Scientific Vectra camera and software, and quantitative volume measurements were taken to evaluate the change in the post-treatment volume. The patients then provided subjective assessments. Results: Objective assessments of the treated cheek volume evaluated by a three-dimensional color schematic representation with quantitative volume measurements showed significant improvement three months after the final treatment. The mean volume reduction at the last post-treatment visit was 3.878 ± 2.86 mL. The post-treatment volume was significantly reduced compared to the pretreatment volume in all of the volunteers (P = 0.0007). Ninety-five percent of volunteers reported satisfaction with the improvement of skin laxity, and ninety percent of volunteers reported satisfaction with the improvement of wrinkles, such as the nasolabial folds. Conclusions: The advantages of these multisource phase-controlled radiofrequency treatments are its high efficacy for skin tightening associated with minimal level of discomfort, minimal side effects, and low cost. Taken together, these characteristics facilitate the ability to give repeated treatments as a stand alone treatment or adjunct to surgery. This study provides for the first time a qualitative and quantitative volumetric assessment, proving the ability of the technology to reduce the volume through non invasive skin tightening.

Objective response rate assessment in oncology: Current situation and future expectations

The tumor objective response rate(ORR)is an important parameter to demonstrate the efficacy of a treatment in oncology.The ORR is valuable for clinical decision making in routine practice and a significant end-point for reporting the results of clinical trials.World Health Organization and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST)are anatomic response criteria developed mainly for cytotoxic chemotherapy.These criteria are based on the visual assessment of tumor size in morphological images provided by computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging.Anatomic response criteria may not be optimal for biologic agents,some disease sites,and some regional therapies.Consequently,modifications of RECIST,Choi criteria and Morphologic response criteria were developed based on the concept of the evaluation of viable tumors.Despite its limitations,RECIST v1.1 is validated in prospective studies,is widely accepted by regulatory agencies and has recently shown good performance for targeted cancer agents.Finally,some alternatives of RECIST were developed as immune-specific response criteria for checkpoint inhibitors.Immune RECIST criteria are based essentially on defining true progressive disease after a confirmatory imaging.Some graphical methods may be useful to show longitudinal change in the tumor burden over time.Tumor tissue is a tridimensional heterogenous mass,and tumor shrinkage is not always symmetrical;thus,metabolic response assessments using positron emission tomography(PET)or PET/CT may reflect the viability of cancer cells or functional changes evolving after anticancer treatments.The metabolic response can show the benefit of a treatment earlier than anatomic shrinkage,possibly preventing delays in drug approval.Computer-assisted automated volumetric assessments,quantitative multimodality imaging in radiology,new tracers in nuclear medicine and finally artificial intelligence have great potential in future evaluations.

MCMOD:The Multi-Category Large-Scale Dataset for Maritime Object Detection

The marine environment is becoming increasingly complex due tothe various marine vehicles,and the diversity of maritime objects poses a challengeto marine environmental governance.Maritime object detection technologyplays an important role in this segment.In the field of computer vision,there is no sufficiently comprehensive public dataset for maritime objects inthe contrast to the automotive application domain.The existing maritimedatasets either have no bounding boxes(which are made for object classification)or cover limited varieties of maritime objects.To fulfil the vacancy,this paper proposed the Multi-Category Large-Scale Dataset for MaritimeObject Detection(MCMOD)which is collected by 3 onshore video camerasthat capture data under various environmental conditions such as fog,rain,evening,etc.The whole dataset consists of 16,166 labelled images alongwith 98,590 maritime objects which are classified into 10 classes.Comparedwith the existing maritime datasets,MCMOD contains a relatively balancedquantity of objects of different sizes(in the view).To evaluate MCMOD,this paper applied several state-of-the-art object detection approaches fromcomputer vision research on it and compared their performances.Moreover,a comparison between MCMOD and an existing maritime dataset was conducted.Experimental results indicate that the proposed dataset classifies moretypes of maritime objects and covers more small-scale objects,which canfacilitate the trained detectors to recognize more types of maritime objects anddetect maritime objects over a relatively long distance.The obtained resultsalso showthat the adopted approaches need to be further improved to enhancetheir capabilities in the maritime domain.

Risk Assessment Framework and Algorithm of Power Systems Based on the Partitioned Multi-objective Risk Method

针对平均风险指标无法区分高损失-低概率事件及低损失-高概率事件的缺点,提出了电力系统的分割多目标风险分析框架。该框架将电力系统的风险状态细分为低损失、中等损失和高损失3个风险范围,并提出3个损失范围条件风险函数和条件风险概率的概念。采用经典的容量停运表模型,建立了这些条件期望指标的计算方法。对IEEE-RTS及TH-RTS2000系统进行了分割多目标风险评估,研究不同负荷水平下系统风险在3个损失范围的分布及转移情况,并分析损失分割点对系统风险的影响。通过分割多目标风险分析,风险分析者和决策者可以权衡系统的平均风险以及高、中、低损失范围的条件期望风险,从而对系统的风险状况有一个全面和深入的了解。